. Fréquence-du-transfertàénergietransfertàtransfertàénergie-identique, pourétudierpourétudier l'effet de la quantité de mouvement de la gouttelette sur la surface de la macro-goutte. En effet, ` a chaque pulsation de courant, une gouttelette transfère vers le bain de fusion. La variation de la fréquence de pulsation influe alors sur le nombre de gouttelettes transférées. Aussi, pour une vitesse fil constante et une fréquence de pulsation croissante, la taille des gouttes diminue, La variation de de ce paramètre (F) agit alors sur celle de l'´ energie cinétique des gouttelettes en

. Température-initiale-de-la-cible-circulaire, pour modifier le gradient thermique entre métal en fusion et le substrat solide, donc indirectement les tensions superficiellesàsuperficiellesà l'interface liquide-solide de la ligne triple, mais aussi sur le passagè a l'´ etat liquide du substrat

. Dans-ladeuxì-eme-phase, le régime de transfert en mode pulsé est bienétablibienétabli et la macrogoutte se développerégulì erement jusqu'` a l'extinction de l'arc (` a t = 4 s). Les gouttelettes de métal d'apport contribuent essentiellementàessentiellementà l

. La-base-de-la, Audeì a de 1 s de soudage , l'accroissement du rayon de base est moins rapide et la macro-goutte grossitrégulì erement avec l'apport dematì ere, jusqu'` a l'extinction de l'arc. Le changement de dynamique peutêtrépeutêtrepeutêtré egalement attribuéattribuéà une modification de l'´ ecoulement dans la macro-goutte, duè a un effet de taille critique entre celles des gouttes et celles du bain (taille du bain de l'ordre de 2-3 mm durant lapremì ere phase de croissance du système) Hu et Tsai [67] observent aussi ce type de comportement lors de la simulation du dépôt de gouttellettes. Après l'extinction de l'arc, la base de la macro-goutte n'´ evolue plus et la phase de solidification peut démarrer. La figure 5.15 présente l'´ evolution des angles de mouillages apparents droit et gauche au cours du temps. Les tendances d'´ evolution sont les mêmes pour les deux angles, en accord avec la configuration axisymétrique de l'essai, Les variations [1] T. DebRoy : Physical processes in fusion welding. Reviews of modern physics, pp.85-112, 1995.

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. Diagrammes-tension and .. Intensité-pour-un-régime-de-soudage-alternatif, 16 1.4 Diagrammes tension et intensité pour un court-circuit du procédé MIG-MAG STT c (Lincoln Electric c ) [20], p.17

/. Diagramme-intensité and .. , Vitesse fil correspondant aux images présentéesprésentéesà la figure 1.13 [21], p.24

. Evans, Relation entre la hauteur d'arc (mm) et la tension (V ) obtenues par Binard et al, pp.31-56

G. Spectré-emis-avec-le-procédé and S. Sur-uné-eprouvette-en, ) Fe I 561, )Fe II 537.149, (3)Mn I 482.352 et (4)Mn II 403.306, p.31

G. Evolutions-en and P. De-la-puissance-totale, kW) et de la puissance reçue par l'anode P A (kW) en fonction de la hauteur d'arc (mm), (b) ´ evolutions du flux de chaleur (kW.cm ?2 ) en fonction du rayon de l'anode (cm) pour différentes hauteurs d'arc (mm), p.47

V. Essais-de-type, evolution de la hauteur de la macro-goutte en fonction de la base, (b) ´ evolution du volume de la macro-goutte en fonction du volume de métal d'apport dévidé, p.148

V. Essais-de-type, evolution de rayon de la macro-goutte en fonction du volume de métal d'apport, (b) ´ evolution du volume de métal d'apport en fonction de l'´ energie délivrée par la source, p.148

G. Essais-de-type, ´ evolution du rayon de base (a) et de la hauteur (b) de la macro-goutte en fonction du temps pour plusieurs taux de CO 2, p.153

D. Soudure-constituée, Hump " et de " Valley, p.168

D. Soudure-constituée, macrographies d'une valley (b) et d'un hump (c) [26], p.174