A. Albrecht and P. J. Steinhardt, Cosmology for Grand Unified Theories with Radiatively Induced Symmetry Breaking, Physical Review Letters, vol.48, issue.17, pp.48-1220, 1982.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.48.1220

R. A. Alpher and R. Herman, Evolution of the Universe, Nature, vol.162, issue.4124, pp.774-775, 1948.
DOI : 10.1038/162774b0

R. A. Alpher, J. W. Follin, and R. C. Herman, Physical Conditions in the Initial Stages of the Expanding Universe, Physical Review, vol.92, issue.6, pp.92-1347, 1953.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRev.92.1347

P. Astier, J. Guy, N. Regnault, R. Pain, E. Aubourg et al., The Supernova Legacy Survey: measurement of ? M , ? ? and w from the first year data set, Astronomy & Astrophysics, pp.447-478, 2006.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00025162

D. J. Bacon, A. R. Refregier, and R. S. Ellis, Detection of weak gravitational lensing by largescale structure, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, pp.318-625, 2000.

S. Bailey, G. Aldering, P. Antilogus, C. Aragon, C. Baltay et al., Using Spectral Flux Ratios to Standardize SN Ia Luminosities ArXiv e-prints, 2009.

C. Balland, M. Mouchet, R. Pain, N. A. Walton, R. Amanullah et al., Spectroscopy of twelve type Ia supernovae at intermediate redshift, Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol.445, issue.2, pp.445-387, 2006.
DOI : 10.1051/0004-6361:20053552

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00024538

S. P. Bamford, A. Aragón-salamanca, and B. Milvang-jensen, The Tully-Fisher relation of distant field galaxies, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol.366, issue.1, pp.366-308, 2006.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09867.x

M. Bartelmann, Arcs from a universal dark-matter halo profile, Astronomy & Astrophysics, pp.313-697, 1996.

S. Baumont, C. Balland, P. Astier, J. Guy, D. Hardin et al., PHotometry Assisted Spectral Extraction (PHASE) and identification of SNLS supernovae, Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol.491, issue.2, pp.491-567, 2008.
DOI : 10.1051/0004-6361:200810210

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00455292

L. Bergström, M. Goliath, A. Goobar, and E. Mörtsell, Lensing effects in an inhomogeneous universe, Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol.358, pp.13-29, 2000.

E. Bertin and S. Arnouts, SExtractor: Software for source extraction, Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series, vol.117, issue.2, pp.393-404, 1996.
DOI : 10.1051/aas:1996164

R. C. Bohlin, Comparison of White Dwarf Models with STIS Spectrophotometry, The Astronomical Journal, vol.120, issue.1, pp.437-446, 2000.
DOI : 10.1086/301431

R. C. Bohlin, HST Stellar Standards with 1% Accuracy in Absolute Flux. Pages 315?+ of The Future of Photometric, Spectrophotometric and Polarimetric Standardization, Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series, 2007.

R. C. Bohlin and R. L. Gilliland, Absolute Flux Distribution of the SDSS Standard BD +17??4708, The Astronomical Journal, vol.128, issue.6, pp.3053-3060, 2004.
DOI : 10.1086/425880

A. Böhm, B. L. Ziegler, R. P. Saglia, R. Bender, K. J. Fricke et al., The Tully-Fisher relation at intermediate redshift, Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol.420, issue.1, pp.420-97, 2004.
DOI : 10.1051/0004-6361:20034256

J. A. Cardelli, G. C. Clayton, and J. S. Mathis, The relationship between infrared, optical, and ultraviolet extinction, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.345, pp.345-245, 1989.
DOI : 10.1086/167900

S. Casertano and J. H. Van-gorkom, Declining rotation curves - The end of a conspiracy?, The Astronomical Journal, vol.101, pp.1231-1241, 1991.
DOI : 10.1086/115759

K. Chiu, S. P. Bamford, and A. Bunker, Tully-Fisher relation of DEEP2 galaxies (Chiu+, 2007.

O. Chwolson, ??ber eine m??gliche Form fiktiver Doppelsterne, Astronomische Nachrichten, vol.221, issue.20, p.329, 1924.
DOI : 10.1002/asna.19242212003

D. D. Clayton, Line 57 CO Gamma Rays: New Diagnostic of Supernova Structure, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.188, pp.155-158, 1974.
DOI : 10.1086/152698

A. Coc, E. Vangioni-flam, P. Descouvemont, A. Adahchour, and C. Angulo, Updated Big Bang Nucleosynthesis Compared with Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe Observations and the Abundance of Light Elements, Astrophysical Journal, pp.600-544, 2004.

S. A. Colgate and C. Mckee, Early Supernova Luminosity, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.157, p.623, 1969.
DOI : 10.1086/150102

M. Colless, G. Dalton, S. Maddox, W. Sutherland, P. Norberg et al., VizieR Online Data Catalog, The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey 100k Data Release (2dFGRS Team, pp.7226-7226, 2001.

A. Conley, R. G. Carlberg, J. Guy, D. A. Howell, S. Jha et al., Is There Evidence for a Hubble Bubble? The Nature of Type Ia Supernova Colors and Dust in External Galaxies, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.664, issue.1, pp.664-677, 2007.
DOI : 10.1086/520625

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00455429

A. Conley, M. Sullivan, E. Y. Hsiao, J. Guy, P. Astier et al., SiFTO: An Empirical Method for Fitting SN Ia Light Curves, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.681, issue.1, pp.681-482, 2008.
DOI : 10.1086/588518

M. Davis, S. M. Faber, J. Newman, A. C. Phillips, R. S. Ellis et al., Science Objectives and Early Results of the DEEP2 Redshift Survey, Discoveries and Research Prospects from 6- to 10-Meter-Class Telescopes II, pp.161-172, 2003.
DOI : 10.1117/12.457897

R. J. Davis, D. S. Harmer, and F. H. Neely, Solar Neutrinos. Pages 287?+ of, Quasars and high-energy astronomy, 1969.

J. Dunkley, E. Komatsu, M. R. Nolta, D. N. Spergel, D. Larson et al., Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe Observations: Likelihoods and Parameters from the WMAP Data, Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, pp.180-306, 2009.

A. S. Eddington, The total eclipse of 1919 May 29 and the influence of gravitation on light. The Observatory, pp.42-119, 1919.

A. Einstein, Die Grundlage der allgemeinen Relativit??tstheorie, Annalen der Physik, vol.7, issue.7, pp.769-822, 1916.
DOI : 10.1002/andp.19163540702

A. Einstein, LENS-LIKE ACTION OF A STAR BY THE DEVIATION OF LIGHT IN THE GRAVITATIONAL FIELD, Science, vol.84, issue.2188, pp.506-507, 1936.
DOI : 10.1126/science.84.2188.506

S. Fabbro, Photométrie de supernovae de type Ia et implications cosmologiques, 2001.

S. M. Faber and R. E. Jackson, Velocity dispersions and mass-to-light ratios for elliptical galaxies, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.204, p.1, 1976.
DOI : 10.1086/154215

A. V. Filippenko, OPTICAL SPECTRA OF SUPERNOVAE, Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol.35, issue.1, pp.309-355, 1997.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.astro.35.1.309

M. Fioc and B. Rocca-volmerange, PEGASE.2, a metallicity-consistent spectral evolution model of galaxies: the documentation and the code. ArXiv Astrophysics e-prints, 1999.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00667152

R. A. Fish, A Mass-Potential Relationship in Elliptical Galaxies and Some Inferences Concerning the Formation and Evolution of Galaxies., The Astrophysical Journal, vol.139, pp.139-284, 1964.
DOI : 10.1086/147753

M. Franx, Constraining galaxy evolution and cosmology from galaxy kinematics -First observations at Z = 0.18. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, pp.1058-1062, 1993.

J. S. Gallagher, P. M. Garnavich, P. Berlind, P. Challis, S. Jha et al., Chemistry and Star Formation in the Host Galaxies of Type Ia Supernovae, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.634, issue.1, pp.634-210, 2005.
DOI : 10.1086/491664

J. S. Gallagher, P. M. Garnavich, N. Caldwell, R. P. Kirshner, S. W. Jha et al., Supernovae in Early???Type Galaxies: Directly Connecting Age and Metallicity with Type Ia Luminosity, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.685, issue.2, pp.685-752, 2008.
DOI : 10.1086/590659

G. Goldhaber, D. E. Groom, A. Kim, G. Aldering, P. Astier et al., Timescale Stretch Parameterization of Type Ia Supernova B-Band Light Curves, Astrophysical Journal, pp.558-359, 2001.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00130914

A. Goobar, E. Mörtsell, R. Amanullah, M. Goliath, L. Bergström et al., SNOC: A Monte-Carlo simulation package for high-$z$ supernova observations, Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol.392, issue.2, pp.392-757, 2002.
DOI : 10.1051/0004-6361:20020930

A. Goobar, S. Hannestad, E. Mörtsell, and H. Tu, The neutrino mass bound from WMAP 3 year data, the baryon acoustic peak, the SNLS supernovae and the Lyman-?? forest, Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol.2006, issue.06, p.19, 2006.
DOI : 10.1088/1475-7516/2006/06/019

D. Guide, Détermination des paramétres cosmologiquesàcosmologiques`cosmologiquesà l'aide de supernovae de type Ià a grands décalages vers le rouge, 2005.

C. Gunnarsson, Q-LET???quick lensing estimation tool: an application to SN2003es, Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol.2004, issue.03, p.2, 2004.
DOI : 10.1088/1475-7516/2004/03/002

C. Gunnarsson, T. Dahlén, A. Goobar, J. Jönsson, and E. Mörtsell, Corrections for Gravitational Lensing of Supernovae: Better than Average?, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.640, issue.1, pp.417-427, 2006.
DOI : 10.1086/499346

A. H. Guth, Inflationary universe: A possible solution to the horizon and flatness problems, Physical Review D, vol.23, issue.2, pp.347-356, 1981.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevD.23.347

J. Guy, P. Astier, S. Nobili, N. Regnault, and R. Pain, A Spectral Adaptive Lightcurve Template for fitting SN Ia lightcurve templates, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 2005.

M. Hamuy, M. M. Phillips, J. Maza, N. B. Suntzeff, R. A. Schommer et al., A Hubble diagram of distant type IA supernovae, The Astronomical Journal, vol.109, pp.109-110, 1995.
DOI : 10.1086/117251

M. Hamuy, M. M. Phillips, N. B. Suntzeff, R. A. Schommer, J. Maza et al., The Absolute Luminosities of the Calan/Tololo Type IA Supernovae, The Astronomical Journal, vol.112, pp.112-2391, 1996.
DOI : 10.1086/118190

M. Hamuy, S. C. Trager, P. A. Pinto, M. M. Phillips, R. A. Schommer et al., A Search for Environmental Effects on Type IA Supernovae, Astronomical Journal, pp.120-1479, 2000.

S. Hannestad and G. G. Raffelt, Neutrino masses and cosmic radiation density: combined analysis, Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol.2006, issue.11, pp.11-16, 2006.
DOI : 10.1088/1475-7516/2006/11/016

M. P. Haynes, R. Giovanelli, P. Chamaraux, L. N. Da-costa, W. Freudling et al., The I-Band Tully-Fisher Relation for SC Galaxies: 21 Centimeter H I Line Data, Astronomical Journal, pp.117-2039, 1999.

W. Hillebrandt and J. C. Niemeyer, Type Ia Supernova Explosion Models, Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol.38, issue.1, pp.191-230, 2000.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.astro.38.1.191

G. Hinshaw, J. L. Weiland, R. S. Hill, N. Odegard, D. Larson et al., Five- Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe Observations: Data Processing, Sky Maps, and Basic Results, Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, pp.180-225, 2009.

K. S. Hirata, K. Inoue, T. Ishida, T. Kajita, K. Kihara et al., Observation of a small atmospheric ? µ /? e ratio in Kamiokande, Physics Letters B, pp.280-146, 1992.

H. Hoekstra, B. C. Hsieh, H. K. Yee, H. Lin, and M. D. Gladders, Virial Masses and the Baryon Fraction in Galaxies, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.635, issue.1, pp.635-73, 2005.
DOI : 10.1086/496913

D. W. Hogg, I. K. Baldry, M. R. Blanton, and D. J. Eisenstein, The K correction. ArXiv Astrophysics e-prints, 2002.

D. E. Holz and E. V. Linder, Safety in Numbers: Gravitational Lensing Degradation of the Luminosity Distance???Redshift Relation, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.631, issue.2, pp.631-678, 2005.
DOI : 10.1086/432085

D. A. Howell, M. Sullivan, K. Perret, T. J. Bronder, I. M. Hook et al., Gemini spectroscopy of supernovae from SNLS: improving high redshift SN selection and classification, Astrophysical Journal in press, 2005.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00024642

E. Hubble, A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae, Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, pp.168-173, 1929.

K. Ichikawa, M. Fukugita, and M. Kawasaki, Constraining neutrino masses by CMB experiments alone, Physical Review D, vol.71, issue.4, p.43001, 2005.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevD.71.043001

URL : http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0409768

S. Jha, A. G. Riess, and R. P. Kirshner, Improved Distances to Type Ia Supernovae with Multicolor Light???Curve Shapes: MLCS2k2, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.659, issue.1, pp.659-122, 2007.
DOI : 10.1086/512054

URL : http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0612666

J. Jönsson, T. Dahlén, A. Goobar, C. Gunnarsson, E. Mörtsell et al., Lensing Magnification of Supernovae in the GOODS Fields, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.639, issue.2, pp.639-991, 2006.
DOI : 10.1086/499396

J. Jonsson, T. Dahlen, A. Goobar, E. Mortsell, and A. Riess, Tentative detection of the gravitational magnification of type Ia supernovae. ArXiv Astrophysics e-prints, 2006.

J. Jönsson, T. Kronborg, E. Mörtsell, and J. Sollerman, Prospects and pitfalls of gravitational lensing in large supernova surveys, Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol.487, issue.2, pp.487-467, 2008.
DOI : 10.1051/0004-6361:200809729

N. Kaiser, G. Wilson, and G. A. Luppino, Large-Scale Cosmic Shear Measurements ArXiv Astrophysics e-prints, 2000.

M. Kamionkowski, Possible Relics from New Physics in the Early Universe: Inflation, the Cosmic Microwave Background, and Particle Dark Matter. ArXiv Astrophysics e-prints, 1998.

D. Kasen, S. Woosley, P. Nugent, and F. Röpke, The light curves and spectra of supernova explosions: multi-dimensional time-dependent Monte Carlo radiative transfer calculations, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol.78, issue.1, p.12037, 2007.
DOI : 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012037

D. Kasen, R. C. Thomas, F. Röpke, and S. E. Woosley, Multidimensional radiative transfer calculations of the light curves and spectra of Type Ia supernovae, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol.125, issue.1, p.12007, 2008.
DOI : 10.1088/1742-6596/125/1/012007

D. Kasen, F. Roepke, and S. E. Woosley, The Diversity of Type Ia Supernovae from Broken Symmetries. ArXiv e-prints, 2009.

M. Kleinheinrich, P. Schneider, H. Rix, T. Erben, C. Wolf et al., Weak lensing measurements of dark matter halos of galaxies from COMBO-17 ArXiv Astrophysics e-prints, 2004.

M. Kleinheinrich, H. Rix, T. Erben, P. Schneider, C. Wolf et al., The influence of redshift information on galaxy-galaxy lensing measurements, Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol.439, issue.2, pp.439-513, 2005.
DOI : 10.1051/0004-6361:20041143

C. S. Kochanek, The dynamics of luminous galaxies in isothermal halos, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.436, pp.56-66, 1994.
DOI : 10.1086/174880

E. Komatsu, Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe constraints on non-Gaussianity, New Astronomy Reviews, vol.47, issue.8-10, pp.47-797, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/j.newar.2003.07.007

E. Komatsu, J. Dunkley, M. R. Nolta, C. L. Bennett, B. Gold et al., Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe Observations: Cosmological Interpretation, Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, pp.180-330, 2009.
DOI : 10.1088/0067-0049/180/2/330

L. V. Koopmans, T. Treu, A. S. Bolton, S. Burles, and L. A. Moustakas, The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. III. The Structure and Formation of Early???Type Galaxies and Their Evolution since z ??? 1, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.649, issue.2, pp.649-599, 2006.
DOI : 10.1086/505696

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00203400

L. V. Koopmans, A. Bolton, T. Treu, O. Czoske, M. Auger et al., THE STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF MASSIVE EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES: ON HOMOLOGY, ISOTHERMALITY, AND ISOTROPY INSIDE ONE EFFECTIVE RADIUS, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.703, issue.1, 2009.
DOI : 10.1088/0004-637X/703/1/L51

K. Krisciunas, M. M. Phillips, and N. B. Suntzeff, Hubble Diagrams of Type Ia Supernovae in the Near-Infrared, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.602, issue.2, pp.602-81, 2004.
DOI : 10.1086/382731

M. J. Kuchner, R. P. Kirshner, P. A. Pinto, and B. Leibundgut, Evidence for Ni-56 yields Co-56 yields Fe-56 decay in type IA supernovae, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.426, pp.426-89, 1994.
DOI : 10.1086/187347

A. U. Landolt, UBVRI photometric standard stars in the magnitude range 11.5-16.0 around the celestial equator, The Astronomical Journal, vol.104, pp.340-371, 1992.
DOI : 10.1086/116242

A. U. Landolt and A. K. Uomoto, Optical Multicolor Photometry of Spectrophotometric Standard Stars, The Astronomical Journal, vol.133, issue.3, pp.768-790, 2007.
DOI : 10.1086/510485

B. Leibundgut, Cosmological Implications from Observations of Type Ia Supernovae, Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol.39, issue.1, pp.67-98, 2001.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.astro.39.1.67

B. Leibundgut, Supernovae and cosmology, General Relativity and Gravitation, vol.503, issue.2-3, pp.221-248, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s10714-007-0545-9

A. D. Linde, A new inflationary universe scenario: A possible solution of the horizon, flatness, homogeneity, isotropy and primordial monopole problems, Physics Letters B, vol.108, issue.6, pp.389-393, 1982.
DOI : 10.1016/0370-2693(82)91219-9

E. A. Magnier and J. Cuillandre, The Elixir System: Data Characterization and Calibration at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, pp.449-464, 2004.

B. Ménard and N. Dalal, Revisiting the magnification of type Ia supernovae with SDSS, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol.358, issue.1, pp.358-101, 2005.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.08764.x

B. Milvang-jensen, A. Aragón-salamanca, G. K. Hau, I. Jørgensen, and J. Hjorth, The Tully--Fisher relation of cluster spirals at z = 0.83, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol.339, issue.1, pp.339-340, 2003.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06324.x

J. L. Mitchell, C. R. Keeton, J. A. Frieman, and R. K. Sheth, Improved Cosmological Constraints from Gravitational Lens Statistics, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.622, issue.1, pp.622-81, 2005.
DOI : 10.1086/427910

R. Narayan and M. Bartelmann, Lectures on Gravitational Lensing. ArXiv Astrophysics e-prints, 1996.

J. F. Navarro, C. S. Frenk, and S. D. White, A Universal Density Profile from Hierarchical Clustering, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.490, issue.2, pp.490-493, 1997.
DOI : 10.1086/304888

M. R. Nolta, J. Dunkley, R. S. Hill, G. Hinshaw, E. Komatsu et al., Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe Observations: Angular Power Spectra, Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, pp.180-296, 2009.
DOI : 10.1088/0067-0049/180/2/296

P. Nugent, A. Kim, and S. Perlmutter, K-Corrections and Extinction Corrections for Type Ia Supernovae. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, pp.803-819, 2002.

L. C. Parker, M. J. Hudson, R. G. Carlberg, and H. Hoekstra, Mass???to???Light Ratios of Galaxy Groups from Weak Lensing, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.634, issue.2, pp.634-806, 2005.
DOI : 10.1086/497117

L. C. Parker, H. Hoekstra, M. J. Hudson, L. Van-waerbeke, and Y. Mellier, The Masses and Shapes of Dark Matter Halos from Galaxy???Galaxy Lensing in the CFHT Legacy Survey, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.669, issue.1, pp.669-690, 2007.
DOI : 10.1086/521541

H. V. Peiris, E. Komatsu, L. Verde, D. N. Spergel, C. L. Bennett et al., First-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Implications For Inflation, Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, pp.148-213, 2003.

A. A. Penzias and R. W. Wilson, A Measurement of Excess Antenna Temperature at 4080 Mc/s., The Astrophysical Journal, vol.142, pp.419-421, 1965.
DOI : 10.1086/148307

S. Perlmutter, G. Aldering, M. Della-valle, S. Deustua, R. S. Ellis et al., Discovery of a supernova explosion at half the age of the universe, Nature, pp.391-51, 1998.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00130952

M. Persic and P. Salucci, The universal galaxy rotation curve, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.368, pp.60-65, 1991.
DOI : 10.1086/169670

M. Persic, P. Salucci, and F. Stel, Rotation curves of 967 spiral galaxies: Implications for dark matter, AIP Conference Proceedings, pp.33-205, 1996.
DOI : 10.1063/1.48322

M. M. Phillips, The absolute magnitudes of Type IA supernovae, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.413, pp.105-108, 1993.
DOI : 10.1086/186970

M. J. Pierce and R. B. Tully, Luminosity-line width relations and the extragalactic distance scale. I - Absolute calibration, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.387, pp.387-434, 1992.
DOI : 10.1086/171059

A. Poveda, A Mass-Luminosity Relation for Dust-Poor Stellar Systems., The Astrophysical Journal, vol.134, p.910, 1961.
DOI : 10.1086/147217

P. Prugniel and F. Simien, The fundamental plane of early-type galaxies: stellar populations and mass-to-light ratio, Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol.309, pp.749-759, 1996.

N. C. Rana and S. Basu, Derivation of the age-metallicity relation and initial mass function of stars in the solar neighbourhood, Astronomy & Astrophysics, pp.265-499, 1992.

J. Raux, Photométrie différentielle de supernovae de type Ia lointaines (0.5 < z < 1.2) mesurées avec le télescope spatial Hubble et estimation des paramètres cosmologiques, 2003.

N. Regnault, A. Conley, J. Guy, M. Sullivan, J. C. Cuillandre et al., Photometric calibration of the Supernova Legacy Survey fields, Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol.506, issue.2, 2009.
DOI : 10.1051/0004-6361/200912446

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00455285

A. G. Riess, W. H. Press, and R. P. Kirshner, A Precise Distance Indicator: Type Ia Supernova Multicolor Light???Curve Shapes, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.473, issue.1, pp.473-88, 1996.
DOI : 10.1086/178129

A. G. Riess, A. V. Filippenko, W. Li, and B. P. Schmidt, Is there an Indication of Evolution of Type [CLC]Ia[/CLC] Supernovae from their Rise Times?, The Astronomical Journal, vol.118, issue.6, pp.118-2668, 1999.
DOI : 10.1086/301144

A. G. Riess, L. Strolger, J. Tonry, S. Casertano, H. C. Ferguson et al., Type Ia Supernova Discoveries at z ¿ 1 from the Hubble Space Telescope: Evidence for Past Deceleration and Constraints on Dark Energy Evolution, Astrophysical Journal, pp.607-665, 2004.

A. G. Riess, L. Strolger, S. Casertano, H. C. Ferguson, B. Mobasher et al., New Hubble Space Telescope Discoveries of Type Ia Supernovae at z >= 1: Narrowing Constraints on the Early Behavior of Dark Energy, Astrophysical Journal, pp.659-98, 2007.

M. S. Roberts and A. H. Rots, Comparison of Rotation Curves of Different Galaxy Types, Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol.26, p.483, 1973.

V. C. Rubin and W. K. Ford, Rotation of the Andromeda Nebula from a Spectroscopic Survey of Emission Regions, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.159, pp.159-379, 1970.
DOI : 10.1086/150317

D. Sarkar, A. Amblard, D. E. Holz, and A. Cooray, Lensing and Supernovae: Quantifying the Bias on the Dark Energy Equation of State, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.678, issue.1, pp.678-679, 2008.
DOI : 10.1086/586886

U. Seljak, A. Slosar, and P. Mcdonald, Cosmological parameters from combining the Lyman-?? forest with CMB, galaxy clustering and SN constraints, Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol.2006, issue.10, pp.10-14, 2006.
DOI : 10.1088/1475-7516/2006/10/014

R. K. Sheth, M. Bernardi, P. L. Schechter, S. Burles, D. J. Eisenstein et al., The Velocity Dispersion Function of Early???Type Galaxies, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.594, issue.1, pp.594-225, 2003.
DOI : 10.1086/376794

D. N. Spergel and M. Zaldarriaga, Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization as a Direct Test of Inflation, Physical Review Letters, vol.79, issue.12, pp.79-2180, 1997.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.2180

D. N. Spergel, L. Verde, H. V. Peiris, E. Komatsu, M. R. Nolta et al., First-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Determination of Cosmological Parameters, Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, pp.148-175, 2003.

D. N. Spergel, R. Bean, O. Doré, M. R. Nolta, C. L. Bennett et al., ) Observations: Implications for Cosmology, Three-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Implications for Cosmology, pp.377-408, 2007.
DOI : 10.1086/513700

A. A. Starobinskii, Spectrum of relict gravitational radiation and the early state of the universe, ZhETF Pis ma Redaktsiiu, vol.30, pp.719-723, 1979.
DOI : 10.1142/9789814317344_0078

M. Sullivan, The Supernova Legacy Survey Collaboration The Supernova Legacy Survey. Pages 466?+ of, Supernovae as Cosmological Lighthouses. Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series, pp.1604-2004, 2005.

M. Sullivan, D. A. Howell, K. Perrett, P. E. Nugent, P. Astier et al., Photometric Selection of High-Redshift Type Ia Supernova Candidates, The Astronomical Journal, vol.131, issue.2, pp.131-960, 2006.
DOI : 10.1086/499302

M. Sullivan, R. S. Ellis, D. A. Howell, A. Riess, P. E. Nugent et al., THE MEAN TYPE IA SUPERNOVA SPECTRUM OVER THE PAST NINE GIGAYEARS, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.693, issue.2, pp.693-76, 2009.
DOI : 10.1088/0004-637X/693/2/L76

F. X. Timmes, E. F. Brown, and J. W. Truran, On Variations in the Peak Luminosity of Type Ia Supernovae, Astrophysical Journal Letters, pp.590-83, 2003.

T. Treu, L. V. Koopmans, A. S. Bolton, S. Burles, and L. A. Moustakas, The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. II. Stellar Populations and Internal Structure of Early???Type Lens Galaxies, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.640, issue.2, pp.640-662, 2006.
DOI : 10.1086/500124

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00203400

R. Tripp, A two-parameter luminosity correction for Type IA supernovae, Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol.331, pp.815-820, 1998.

R. B. Tully and J. R. Fisher, A new method of determining distances to galaxies, Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol.54, pp.661-673, 1977.

M. Turatto, Supernova Spectra. ArXiv Astrophysics e-prints, 2003.

L. Van-waerbeke, Y. Mellier, T. Erben, J. C. Cuillandre, F. Bernardeau et al., Detection of correlated galaxy ellipticities from CFHT data: first evidence for gravitational lensing by large-scale structures, Astronomy & Astrophysics, pp.358-388, 2000.

M. A. Verheijen, The Ursa Major Cluster of Galaxies. V. H I Rotation Curve Shapes and the Tully-Fisher Relations, Astrophysical Journal, pp.563-694, 2001.

Y. Wang, Observational signatures of the weak lensing magnification of supernovae, Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol.2005, issue.03, p.5, 2005.
DOI : 10.1088/1475-7516/2005/03/005

L. L. Williams and J. Song, Weak lensing of the high-redshift SNIa sample, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol.351, issue.4, pp.351-1387, 2004.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07878.x

D. M. Wittman, J. A. Tyson, D. Kirkman, I. Dell-'antonio, and G. Bernstein, Detection of weak gravitational lensing distortions of distant galaxies by cosmic dark matter at large scales, Nature, vol.405, issue.6783, pp.405-143, 2000.
DOI : 10.1038/35012001

S. E. Woosley, D. Kasen, S. Blinnikov, and E. Sorokina, Type Ia Supernova Light Curves, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.662, issue.1, pp.662-487, 2007.
DOI : 10.1086/513732

URL : http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0609562

C. O. Wright and T. G. Brainerd, Gravitational Lensing by NFW Halos, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.534, issue.1, pp.34-40, 2000.
DOI : 10.1086/308744

J. Yadav, S. Bharadwaj, B. Pandey, and T. R. Seshadri, Testing homogeneity on large scales in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release One, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol.364, issue.2, pp.364-601, 2005.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09578.x

F. Zwicky, Die Rotverschiebung von extragalaktischen Nebeln, Helvetica Physica Acta, vol.6, pp.110-127, 1933.

F. Zwicky, Nebulae as Gravitational Lenses, Physical Review, vol.51, issue.4, p.290, 1937.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRev.51.290