R. G. Allen, L. S. Pereira, D. Raes, and M. Smith, Crop evapotranspiration : Guidelines for computing crop water requirements . Irrig and Drain, 1998.

A. Al-faraj, G. E. Meyer, and G. L. Horst, A crop water stress index for tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) irrigation decision-making ??? a traditional method, Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, vol.31, issue.2, pp.107-124, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0168-1699(00)00182-4

M. Cabelguenne and P. Debaeke, Experimental determination and modelling of the soil water extraction capacities of crops of maize, sunflower, soyabean, sorghum and wheat, Plant and Soil, vol.202, issue.2, pp.175-192, 1998.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1004376728978

H. Cuny, J. Wery, and F. Gaufres, A simple indicator for diagnosing nitrate leaching risk below the root zone using the Tensionic tensiometers, Agronomie, vol.18, issue.8-9, pp.521-535, 1998.
DOI : 10.1051/agro:19980803

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00885901

M. Dacosta and B. Huang, Deficit Irrigation Effects on Water Use Characteristics of Bentgrass Species, Crop Science, vol.46, issue.4, pp.1779-1786, 2006.
DOI : 10.2135/cropsci2006.01-0043

D. Ph and P. Poissonet, Une méthode d'analyse phytoécologique des prairies, 1971.

W. J. Davies and W. Hartung, Has extrapolation from biochemistry to crop functioning worked to sustain plant production under water scarcity? In " New directions for a diverse planet, Proc. 4th Int, 2004.

X. P. Deng, L. Shan, H. Zhang, and N. C. Turner, Improving agricultural water use efficiency in arid and semiarid areas of China New directions for a diverse planet, Proc. 4th Int. Crop Sci. Congr, pp.26-27, 2004.

J. Girona, M. Mata, A. Arbonès, J. Rufat, and J. Marsal, Peach tree response to single and combined deficit irrigation regimes in deep soils, Agricultural Water Management, vol.72, issue.2, pp.97-108, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agwat.2004.09.011

C. Isbérie, A. Bensaoud, E. Lesage, and &. C. Lohou, TENSIOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS: A TOOL TO ANALYSE ROOT GROWTH AND TO SCHEDULE IRRIGATION OF LANDSCAPE TREES, Acta Horticulturae, vol.664, issue.664, pp.325-332, 2004.
DOI : 10.17660/ActaHortic.2004.664.40

M. Kassioumi, D. Veresoglou, and V. Noitsakis, Drought resistance and flowering phenology of five perennial grass species. Paper presented at the Multi-function grasslands : quality forages, animal products and landscapes, Proc. 19th General Meeting of the Eur. Grassland Federation, 2002.

K. B. Kelly, C. R. Stockdale, and W. K. Mason, The productivity of irrigated legumes in northern Victoria, 2003.

E. Kruger, G. Schmidt, and &. U. Bruckner, Scheduling strawberry irrigation based upon tensiometer measurement and a climatic water balance model, Scientia Horticulturae, vol.81, issue.4, pp.409-424, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-4238(99)00030-8

M. J. Lacape, J. Wery, and D. J. Annerose, Relationships between plant and soil water status in five field-grown cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars. Field Crops Rech, pp.29-43, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/s0378-4290(97)00111-1

W. K. Lauenroth, J. L. Dodd, and P. L. Sims, The effects of water- and nitrogen-induced stresses on plant community structure in a semiarid grassland, Oecologia, vol.168, issue.2, pp.211-222, 1978.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00349810

J. Lecoeur and L. Guilioni, Rate of leaf production in response to soil water deficits in field pea. Field Crops Rech, pp.319-218, 1998.

F. Lelievre and G. Desplobins, Pure lucerne or lucerne in association with grasses for extensive Pastures in dry northern mediterranean areas, Management and breeding of perennial lucerne for diversified purposes., Proceeding of FAO-Eucardia Meeting, pp.89-92, 1994.

G. Lemaire and A. Denoix, Croissance estivale en mati??re s??che de peuplements de f??tuque ??lev??e (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) et de dactyle (Dactylis glomerata L.) dans l'Ouest de la France. II. Interaction entre les niveaux d'alimentation hydrique et de nutrition azot??e, Agronomie, vol.7, issue.6, pp.381-389, 1987.
DOI : 10.1051/agro:19870603

P. Liancourt, E. Corcket, and R. Michalet, Stress tolerance abilities and competitive responses in a watering and fertilization field experiment, Journal of Vegetation Science, vol.72, issue.5, pp.713-722, 2005.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02414.x

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halsde-00274234

J. Marsal, M. Mata, A. Arbonès, J. Rufat, and J. Girona, Regulated deficit irrigation and rectification of irrigation scheduling in young pear trees: an evaluation based on vegetative and productive response, European Journal of Agronomy, vol.17, issue.2, pp.111-122, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1161-0301(02)00002-3

P. Moutonnet, J. Wery, and &. A. Bossy, Etude comparative de quatre dispositifs d'irrigation automatique: Application au mais irrigue en localise, Agricultural Meteorology, vol.24, pp.275-289, 1981.
DOI : 10.1016/0002-1571(81)90051-0

T. Oweis, M. Pala, and J. Ryan, Stabilizing Rainfed Wheat Yields with Supplemental Irrigation and Nitrogen in a Mediterranean Climate, Agronomy Journal, vol.90, issue.5, pp.672-681, 1998.
DOI : 10.2134/agronj1998.00021962009000050017x

A. Pellegrino, E. Gozé, E. Lebon, and J. Wery, A model-based diagnosis tool to evaluate the water stress experienced by grapevine in field sites, European Journal of Agronomy, vol.25, issue.1, pp.49-59, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eja.2006.03.003

P. Peyremorte, Amélioration de la conduite des arrosages par des agriculteurs qui utilisent des tensiomètres, Conf. Int, pp.11-14, 1984.

S. J. Richards and A. W. Marsh, Irrigation Based on Soil Suction Measurements1, Soil Science Society of America Journal, vol.25, issue.1, pp.65-69, 1961.
DOI : 10.2136/sssaj1961.03615995002500010026x

J. T. Ritchies, Water dynamics in the soil-plant-atmosphere system, Plant and Soil, vol.71, issue.2, pp.81-96, 1981.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02180050

T. R. Sinclair and M. M. Ludlow, Influence of Soil Water Supply on the Plant Water Balance of Four Tropical Grain Legumes, Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, vol.13, issue.3, pp.329-341, 1986.
DOI : 10.1071/PP9860329

D. Smeal, M. K. Neill, and R. N. Arnold, Forage production of cool season pasture grasses as related to irrigation, Agricultural Water Management, vol.76, issue.3, pp.224-236, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agwat.2005.01.014

F. Volaire and F. Lelièvre, Améliorer les ressources fourragères en Corse : Bilan des recherches agronomiques, 1985.

F. Volaire and F. Lelièvre, Drought survival in Dactylis glomerata and Festuca arundinacea under similar rooting conditions in tubes, Plant and Soil, vol.229, issue.2, pp.225-234, 2001.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1004835116453

J. Wery, Differential effects of soil water deficit on the basic plant functions and their significance to analyse crop responses to water deficit in indeterminate plants, Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, vol.56, issue.11, pp.1201-1209, 2005.
DOI : 10.1071/AR05066

S. C. White and S. R. Raine, Identifying the Potential to Apply Deficit Irrigation Strategies in Cotton Using Large Mobile Irrigation Machines New directions for a diverse planet, Proc. 4th Int, 2004.

M. J. Lacape and J. Wery, Relationships between plant and soil water status in five fieldgrown cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars." Field Crops Rech, pp.29-43, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/s0378-4290(97)00111-1

J. C. Mailhol and J. Gonzalez, Furrow Irrigation Model for Real???Time Applications on Cracking Soils, Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, vol.119, issue.5, pp.768-783, 1993.
DOI : 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1993)119:5(768)

J. C. Mailhol, O. Olufayo, and P. Ruelle, AET and yields assessments based on the LAI simulation. Application to sorghum and sunflower crops, Agric. Water Manag, pp.35-167, 1997.

J. C. Mailhol, M. Priol, and M. Benali, A furrow irrigation model to improve irrigation practices in the Gharb valley of Moroco, Agric. Water Manag, pp.1475-1476, 1999.

J. C. Mailhol, Validation of a Predictive Form of Horton Infiltration for Simulating Furrow Irrigation, Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, vol.129, issue.6, pp.412-421, 2003.
DOI : 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2003)129:6(412)

J. C. Mailhol, A. Zaïri, A. Slatni, B. Nouma, B. Amami et al., Analysis of irrigation systems and irrigation strategies for durum wheat in Tunisia, Agricultural Water Management, vol.70, issue.1, pp.19-37, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agwat.2004.06.001

J. C. Mailhol, P. Ruelle, and Z. Popova, SOFIP: A field-scale modelling of water management and crop yield for furrow irrigation, Irrig. Sci, issue.24, pp.37-48, 2005.

A. Merot, J. Wery, C. Isbérie, and F. Charron, Response of multi-species grassland to border irrigation regulated by tensiometers, European Journal of Agronnomy, 2007.

V. Petit, Etude et modélisation de la variabilité de l'évapotranspiration réelle ? Application, p.114, 1981.

M. Rayej and W. W. Wallender, Furrow irrigation time reduction, J of Irrig. Drain., ASCE, vol.111, issue.2, 1985.
DOI : 10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1985)111:2(134)

W. Walker and A. S. Humpherys, Kinematic???Wave Furrow Irrigation Model, Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, vol.109, issue.4, pp.299-318, 1983.
DOI : 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1983)109:4(377)

W. Walker, SIRMOD, a surface irrigation model. Utah State University Depart of, Biol. and irrig. Engin, pp.84322-4105, 1993.

W. Walker, SIRMOD III, a surface irrigation software. Course guide and technical documentation, Depart of Biological and irrig. Engin, pp.84322-4105, 2003.

M. Weiss, www Avignon.inra.fr/can_eye/ WellesInstrument for indirect measurement of canopy architecture, J.M. and Norman J.M Agron. J, vol.83, issue.5, pp.818-825, 1991.

R. G. Allen, L. S. Pereira, D. Raes, and M. Smith, Crop evapotranspiration: Guidelines for computing crop water requirements. Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56 FAO, 1998.

P. Balland, P. Huet, E. Lafont, J. P. Leteurtrois, and P. Pierron, Propositions de simplification et de modernisation du dispositif d'intervention de l'Etat sur la gestion des eaux et du lit de la Durance -Contribution à un Plan Durance. Paris: Ministère de l'Ecologie et du Développement Durable, Ministère délégué à l'Industrie, Ministère de l'Agriculture, 2002.

N. J. Breda, Ground-based measurements of leaf area index: a review of methods, instruments and current controversies, Journal of Experimental Botany, vol.54, issue.392, pp.2403-2417, 2003.
DOI : 10.1093/jxb/erg263

N. Brisson, D. Mary, M. H. Ripoche, F. Jeuffroy, P. Ruget et al., STICS: a generic model for the simulation of crops and their water and nitrogen balances. I. Theory and parameterization applied to wheat and corn, Agronomie, vol.18, issue.5-6, pp.311-346, 1998.
DOI : 10.1051/agro:19980501

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00885888

N. Brisson and J. Wery, Introduction aux modèles de culture. Paper presented at the Ecole Chercheur Modélisation Le Croisic 14-19 octobre, 2002.

M. M. Caldwell, Plant Gas Exchange at High Wind Speeds, PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, vol.46, issue.4, pp.535-537, 1970.
DOI : 10.1104/pp.46.4.535

URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC396631

M. S. Corson, R. H. Skinner, &. A. Ac, and . Rotz, Modification of the SPUR rangeland model to simulate species composition and pasture productivity in humid temperate regions, Agricultural Systems, vol.87, issue.2, pp.169-191, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agsy.2004.11.007

M. J. Cros, M. Duru, F. Garcia, and &. R. Martin-clouaire, A biophysical dairy farm model to evaluate rotational grazing management strategies, Agronomie, vol.23, issue.2, pp.105-122, 2003.
DOI : 10.1051/agro:2002071

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00886164

F. A. Daudet, X. Le-roux, H. Sinoquet, and &. B. Adam, Wind speed and leaf boundary layer conductance variation within tree crown. Consequences on leaf-to-atmosphere coupling and tree functions, pp.171-185, 1999.

S. Diaz and &. M. Cabido, Plant functional types and ecosystem function in relation to global change, Journal of Vegetation Science, vol.67, issue.4, pp.463-474, 1997.
DOI : 10.2307/3237198

M. Duru and &. B. Hubert, Management of grazing systems: from decision and biophysical models to principles for action, Agronomie, vol.23, issue.8, pp.689-703, 2003.
DOI : 10.1051/agro:2003051

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00886229

F. Gastal, G. Belanger, and &. G. Lemaire, A Model of the Leaf Extension Rate of Tall Fescue in Response to Nitrogen and Temperature, Annals of Botany, vol.70, issue.5, pp.437-442, 1992.
DOI : 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a088500

M. Herrero, Modelling dairy grazing systems an integrated approach, 1997.

I. Jonckheere, S. Fleck, K. Nackaerts, B. Muys, P. Coppin et al., Review of methods for in situ leaf area index determination, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, vol.121, issue.1-2, pp.19-35, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agrformet.2003.08.027

J. Kallarackal and &. C. Somen, An ecophysiological evaluation of the suitability of Eucalyptus grandis for planting in the tropics, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.95, issue.1, pp.53-61, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00004-2

M. J. Lacape, J. Wery, and D. J. Annerose, Relationships between plant and soil water status in five field-grown cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars. Field Crops Rech, pp.29-43, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/s0378-4290(97)00111-1

J. C. Mailhol and &. A. Merot, SPFC: a tool to improve water management and hay production in the Crau region, Irrigation Science, vol.83, issue.5, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s00271-007-0099-3

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00453853

J. Meynard, . Af, J. B. Aggeri, R. Coulon, &. J. Habib et al., Recherches sur la conception de systèmes agricoles innovants -rapport du groupe de travail, 2006.

A. Merot, J. Wery, C. Isberie, and &. F. Charron, Response of a plurispecific permanent grassland to border irrigation regulated by tensiometers, European Journal of Agronomy, vol.28, issue.1, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eja.2007.04.004

J. C. Mailhol and &. A. Merot, SPFC: a tool to improve water management and hay production in the Crau region, Irrigation Science, 2007.

P. G. Oguntunde, N. Van-de-giesen, and &. H. Savenije, Measurement and modelling of transpiration of a rain-fed citrus orchard under subhumid tropical conditions, Agricultural Water Management, vol.87, issue.2, pp.200-208, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agwat.2006.06.019

A. Olioso, T. N. Carlson, and &. Brisson, Simulation of diurnal transpiration and photosynthesis of a water stressed soybean crop, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, vol.81, issue.1-2, pp.41-59, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0168-1923(95)02297-X

F. Pervanchon, Modélisation de l'effet des pratiques agricoles sur la diversité végétale et la valeur agronomique des prairies permanentes en vue de l'élaboration d'indicateurs agrienvironnementaux, 2004.

G. Rana and &. N. Katerji, Measurement and estimation of actual evapotranspiration in the field under Mediterranean climate: a review, European Journal of Agronomy, vol.13, issue.2-3, pp.125-153, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S1161-0301(00)00070-8

M. Rinaldi, Application of EPIC model for irrigation scheduling of sunflower in Southern Italy, Agricultural Water Management, vol.49, issue.3, pp.185-196, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-3774(00)00148-7

J. T. Ritchie and &. S. Otter, Description and performance of CERES-Wheat: a user-oriented wheat yield model, Springfield ARS Wheat yield project. ARS-38. Missouri, pp.159-175, 1985.

A. M. Santos, M. Cabelguenne, F. L. Santos, M. R. Oliveira, R. P. Serralheiro et al., EPIC-PHASE: a Model to explore Irrigation Strategies, Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, vol.75, issue.4, pp.409-416, 2000.
DOI : 10.1006/jaer.1999.0523

T. Sato, O. S. Abdalla, T. Y. Oweis, and T. Sakuratani, Effect of supplemental irrigation on leaf stomatal conductance of field-grown wheat in northern Syria, Agricultural Water Management, vol.85, issue.1-2, pp.105-112, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agwat.2006.03.015

A. H. Schapendonk, W. Stol, D. W. Van-kraalingen, and &. B. Bouman, LINGRA, a sink/source model to simulate grassland productivity in Europe, European Journal of Agronomy, vol.9, issue.2-3, pp.87-100, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S1161-0301(98)00027-6

C. Stoate, N. D. Boatman, R. J. Borralho, C. R. Carvalho, G. R. De-snoo et al., Ecological impacts of arable intensification in Europe, Journal of Environmental Management, vol.63, issue.4, pp.337-365, 2001.
DOI : 10.1006/jema.2001.0473

C. O. Stockle, S. Martin, and &. G. Campbell, CropSyst, a cropping systems simulation model: Water/nitrogen budgets and crop yield, Agricultural Systems, vol.46, issue.3, pp.335-359, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0308-521X(94)90006-2

K. Takagi, T. Tsuboya, and &. H. Takahashi, Diurnal hystereses of stomatal and bulk surface conductances in relation to vapour pressure deficit in a cool-temperate wetland Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, pp.177-191, 1998.

M. Tremblay and D. Wallach, Comparison of parameter estimation methods for crop models, Agronomie, vol.24, issue.6-7, pp.351-365, 2004.
DOI : 10.1051/agro:2004033

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00886021

D. Wallach, B. Goffinet, J. E. Bergez, P. Debaeke, D. Leenhardt et al., Parameter Estimation for Crop Models, Agronomy Journal, vol.93, issue.4, pp.757-766, 2001.
DOI : 10.2134/agronj2001.934757x

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00886021

D. Wallach, D. Makowski, and &. J. Jones, Working with dynamic crop models: evaluation, analysis, parameterization and applications, 2006.

J. M. Welles and N. J. , Instrument for Indirect Measurement of Canopy Architecture, Agronomy Journal, vol.83, issue.5, pp.818-825, 1991.
DOI : 10.2134/agronj1991.00021962008300050009x

J. M. Attonaty, M. H. Chatelin, and J. Mousset, A Decision Support System based on farmer's knowledge to assist him in decision-making about work organization and long term evolution. International Seminar of CIGR Models Computer programms and expert systems for agricultural mechanization, 1993.

C. Aubry, A. Biarnes, F. Maxime, and F. Papy, Modélisation de l'organisation technique de la production dans l'exploitation agricole: la constitution de systèmes de culture, Rech. Syst. Agr. Dév, vol.31, pp.25-43, 1998.

C. Aubry, F. Papy, and A. Capillon, Modelling decision-making processes for annual crop management, Agricultural Systems, vol.56, issue.1, pp.45-65, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0308-521X(97)00034-6

C. Aubry, J. Paillat, and F. Guerrin, A conceptual representation of animal waste management at the farm scale: The case of the Reunion Island, Agricultural Systems, vol.88, issue.2-3, pp.294-315, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agsy.2005.06.006

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01460829

P. Balland, P. Huet, E. Lafont, J. P. Leteurtrois, and P. Pierron, Rapport sur la Durance : Propositions de simplification et de modernisation du dispositif d'intervention de l'Etat sur la gestion des eaux et du lit de la Durance -Contribution à un Plan Durance. Paris: Ministère de l'Ecologie et du Développement Durable, Ministère délégué à l'Industrie, Ministère de l'Agriculture, 2002.

J. Bergez, P. Debaeke, J. Deunier, B. Lacroix, D. Leenhardt et al., MODERATO: an object-oriented decision tool for designing maize irrigation schedules, Ecological Modelling, vol.137, issue.1, pp.43-60, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-3800(00)00431-2

J. Bergez, J. Deumier, B. Lacroix, P. Leroy, and D. Wallach, Improving irrigation schedules by using a biophysical and a decisional model, European Journal of Agronomy, vol.16, issue.2, pp.123-135, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1161-0301(01)00124-1

J. Bergez, F. Garcia, and D. Wallach, Representing and optimizing management decisions with crop models In: « Working with dynamic crop models: Evaluating, analyzing, parameterizing and using them, pp.175-210, 2006.

A. Capillon, Typologie des exploitations agricoles. Contribution à l'étude régionale des problèmes techniques, 1993.

A. Capillon and J. Caneill, Du champ cultivé aux unités de production : un itinéraire obligé pour l'agronome, Cah. Sci. Hum, vol.23, pp.409-420, 1987.

M. Cerf and M. Sebillotte, Le concept de modèle général et la prise de décision dans la conduite d'une culture, C.R. Académie d'Agriculture Française, vol.74, issue.4, pp.71-80, 1988.

M. Chatelin, C. Aubry, J. C. Poussin, J. Meynard, J. Masse et al., D??ciBl??, a software package for wheat crop management simulation, Agricultural Systems, vol.83, issue.1, pp.77-99, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agsy.2004.03.003

P. Debaeke, J. Nolot, and D. Raffaillac, A rule-based method for the development of crop management systems applied to grain sorghum in south-western France, Agricultural Systems, vol.90, issue.1-3, pp.180-201, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agsy.2006.01.001

I. Dounias, C. Aubry, and A. Capillon, Decision-making processes for crop management on African farms. Modelling from a case study of cotton crops in northern Cameroon, Agricultural Systems, vol.73, issue.3, pp.233-260, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0308-521X(01)00077-4

M. Duru, F. Papy, and L. G. Soler, Le concept du modèle général et l'analyse du fonctionnement de l'exploitation agricole, C.R. Académie d'Agriculture Française, vol.74, issue.4, pp.81-91, 1988.

M. Duru and B. Hubert, Management of grazing systems: from decision and biophysical models to principles for action, Agronomie, vol.23, issue.8, pp.689-703, 2003.
DOI : 10.1051/agro:2003051

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00886229

N. Girard and B. Hubert, Modelling expert knowledge with knowledge-based systems to design decision aids, Agricultural Systems, vol.59, issue.2, pp.123-144, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0308-521X(98)00085-7

B. A. Keating and R. L. Mccown, Advances in farming systems analysis and intervention, Agricultural Systems, vol.70, issue.2-3, pp.555-579, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0308-521X(01)00059-2

B. H. Jacobsen, Farmer's decision making behaviour: empirical findings from Denmark, 1994.

A. Joannon, V. Souchère, and M. Tichit, Analyse de la gestion spatialisée de l'exploitation agricole à partie de l'utilisation du parcellaire, 2005.

F. Labbe, P. Ruelle, P. Garin, and P. Leroy, Modelling irrigation scheduling to analyse water management at farm level, during water shortages, European Journal of Agronomy, vol.12, issue.1, pp.55-67, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S1161-0301(99)00043-X

P. Leroy, J. Deumier, and C. Jacquin, IRMA: un simulateur de l'organisation des chantiers d'irrigation sur l'ensemble de la sole irriguée, Perspec. Agric, vol.228, pp.76-83, 1997.

K. Mace, P. Morlon, N. Munier-jolain, and L. Quere, Time scales as a factor in decision-making by French farmers on weed management in annual crops, Agricultural Systems, vol.93, issue.1-3, pp.115-142, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agsy.2006.04.007

J. C. Mailhol and A. Merot, SPFC: a tool to improve water management and hay production in the Crau region, Irrigation Science, vol.83, issue.5, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s00271-007-0099-3

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00453853

R. R. Matthews, W. Matthews, and . Stephens, Cropping and Farming systems Crop-soil simulation models, CABI plublishing, pp.55-68, 2002.

F. Maxime, J. Mollet, and F. Papy, Aide au raisonnement de l'assolement en grande culture, Cah. Agric, vol.4, pp.351-362, 1995.

F. Maxime, J. Nicoletti, P. Leroy, and F. Papy, Donner de la souplesse au choix d'assolement par rotations-cadres, Actes du colloque 'aide à la décision et choix de stratégies dans les entreprises agricoles'. 10-11 december, pp.85-99, 1997.

A. Merot, J. Wery, C. Isberie, and F. Charron, Response of a plurispecific permanent grassland to border irrigation regulated by tensiometers, European Journal of Agronomy, vol.28, issue.1, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eja.2007.04.004

J. Meynard, A. F. Aggeri, J. B. Coulon, R. Habib, and J. P. Tillon, Recherches sur la conception de systèmes agricoles innovants -rapport du groupe de travail, p.71, 2006.

P. Morlon, La dimension spatiale des pratiques agricoles : une approche agronomique, Agricultures et territoires, 2005.

F. Papy, J. M. Attonaty, C. Laporte, and L. G. Soler, Work organization simulation as a basis for farm management advice (equipment and manpower, levels against climatic variability), Agricultural Systems, vol.27, issue.4, pp.295-314, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0308-521X(88)90037-6

F. Papy, P. Martin, and J. F. Bruno, Comment réduire les risques d'érosion par les pratiques agricoles? Sadapter aux systèmes érosifs et au contexte économique. Paper presented at the Sécheresse, pollution, inondation, érosion: que fait la recherche?, Forum, 1996.

F. Papy, Farm models and decision support: a summary review Research on agricultural systems: accomplishment, perspectives and issues, 2000.

F. Papy, Interdépendance des systèmes de culture dans l'exploitation. In : « Modélisation des agroécosystèmes et aide à la décision, p.447, 2001.

F. Papy and J. Baudry, Le système de culture: différents niveaux d'organisation territoriale à distinguer et articuler. Paper presented at the Les entretiens du Pradel : Agronomes et territoires, pp.12-13, 2002.

B. Rapidel, C. Defèche, B. Traoré, J. Lançon, and J. Wery, In-field development of a conceptual crop functioning and management model: A case study on cotton in southern Mali, European Journal of Agronomy, vol.24, issue.4, pp.304-315, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eja.2005.10.012

M. Sebillotte and L. G. Soler, Les processus de decision des agriculteurs ? I Acquis et questions vives Modélisation systémique et systèmes agraires, In Brossier J. et al, pp.88-102, 1990.

M. Adam, M. Duru, P. Cruz, C. Ducourtieux, P. Ansquer et al., Modelling grassland aboveground biomass for a large range of plant community types, European Journal of Agronomy, 2007.

A. Al-faraj, G. E. Meyer, and &. G. Horst, A crop water stress index for tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) irrigation decision-making ??? a traditional method, Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, vol.31, issue.2, pp.107-124, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0168-1699(00)00182-4

S. Allain, IRRI-MIEUX: gestion collective d'une ressource en eau -des droits à l'eau à la gestion collective de l'eau -Etude de cas Tome I -La nappe de Crau, p.28, 1998.

P. Andrieux, Etude des sols du Domaine du Merle -Méthodes et premiers résultats, p.46, 1981.

P. Ansquer, J. P. Theau, P. Cruz, and J. Viegas, Caractérisation de la diversité fonctionnelle des prairies naturelles. Fourrages, Al Haj Khaled, vol.179, pp.353-368, 2004.

J. M. Attonaty, M. H. Chatelin, and &. J. Mousset, A Decision Support System based on farmer's knowledge to assist him in decision-making about work organization and long term evolution. International seminar of CIGR Models Computer programms and expert systems for agricultural mechanization, pp.1-2, 1993.

C. Aubry, A. Biarnes, F. Maxime, and &. F. Papy, Modélisation de l'organisation technique de la production dans l'exploitation agricole: la constitution de systèmes de culture, Etudes et Recherches sur les Systèmes Agraires et le Développement, pp.25-43, 1998.

C. Aubry, F. Papy, and &. A. Capillon, Modelling decision-making processes for annual crop management, Agricultural Systems, vol.56, issue.1, pp.45-65, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0308-521X(97)00034-6

C. Aubry, J. Paillat, and &. F. Guerrin, A conceptual representation of animal waste management at the farm scale: The case of the Reunion Island, Agricultural Systems, vol.88, issue.2-3, pp.294-315, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agsy.2005.06.006

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01460829

P. Balland, P. Huet, E. Lafont, J. P. Leteurtrois, and &. P. Pierron, Rapport sur la Durance : Propositions de simplification et de modernisation du dispositif d'intervention de l, 2002.

I. Affaire, Ministère de l'Ecologie et du Développement Durable, Ministère délégué à l'Industrie, Ministère de l'Agriculture, p.98

J. Baudry and &. F. Papy, The role of landscape heterogeneity in the sustainability of cropping systems., Crop Science, pp.243-259, 2001.
DOI : 10.1079/9780851995304.0243

C. Belaygue, J. Wery, A. C. Cowan, and &. F. Tardieu, Contribution of Leaf Expansion, Rate of Leaf Appearance, and Stolon Branching to Growth of Plant Leaf Area under Water Deficit in White Clover, Crop Science, vol.36, issue.5, pp.1240-1246, 1996.
DOI : 10.2135/cropsci1996.0011183X003600050028x

J. Bergez, P. Debaeke, J. Deunier, B. Lacroix, D. Leenhardt et al., MODERATO: an object-oriented decision tool for designing maize irrigation schedules, Ecological Modelling, vol.137, issue.1, pp.43-60, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-3800(00)00431-2

J. Bergez, J. Deumier, B. Lacroix, P. Leroy, and &. D. Wallach, Improving irrigation schedules by using a biophysical and a decisional model, European Journal of Agronomy, vol.16, issue.2, pp.123-135, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1161-0301(01)00124-1

J. Bergez, F. Garcia, and &. L. Lapasse, A hierarchical partitioning method for optimizing irrigation strategies, Agricultural Systems, vol.80, issue.3, pp.235-253, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agsy.2003.07.004

J. Bergez, F. D. Garcia, and . Wallach, Representing and optimizing management decisions with crop modelsWorking with Dynamic Crop Models: evaluating, analyzing, parameterization and applications, pp.257-279, 2006.

C. Bissuel-belaygue, A. A. Cowan, A. H. Marshall, and &. J. Wery, Reproductive Development of White Clover (Trifolium repens L.) is not impaired by a moderate water deficit that reduces vegetative growth: I. Inflorescence, floret and ovule production, Crop Sciences, vol.42, pp.416-414, 2002.

C. Bissuel-belaygue, A. Cowan, A. H. Marshall, &. J. Wery, and J. , Reproductive Development of White Clover ( L.) is Not Impaired by a Moderate Water Deficit That Reduces Vegetative Growth, Crop Science, vol.42, issue.2, pp.414-422, 2002.
DOI : 10.2135/cropsci2002.0414

J. Boutin and &. G. Cheylan, Natural areas in the Crau, Special issue, 2004.

M. Bretez, Etude de la qualité du foin de Crau, p.159, 1983.

N. Brisson, D. Mary, M. H. Ripoche, F. Jeuffroy, P. Ruget et al., STICS: a generic model for the simulation of crops and their water and nitrogen balances. I. Theory and parameterization applied to wheat and corn, Agronomie, vol.18, issue.5-6, pp.311-346, 1998.
DOI : 10.1051/agro:19980501

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00885888

N. Brisson, F. Huard, A. I. Gruaux, C. Lebas, P. Debaeke et al., Evaluation régionale de l'impact de la sécheresse agricole à l'aide d'un modèle biophysique: Unité AGROCLIM -INRA -Ministère de l'Agriculture et de la pêche, p.31, 2006.

N. Brisson, J. K. Wery, and . Boote, Fundamental concepts of crop models illustrated by a comparative approachWorking with Dynamic Crop Models: evaluating, analyzing, parameterization and applications, pp.257-279, 2006.

N. Brisson and J. Wery, Introduction aux modèles de culture. Ecole Chercheur 'Modélisation'. Le Croisic. France. 14-19 octobre, p.17, 2002.

M. D. Aguiar, M. O. Robles, K. L. Aguilera, &. R. Murphy, and . Gill, Plant-soil interactions in temperate grasslands, Biogeochimistry, vol.42, pp.121-143, 1998.

C. M. Burt, A. J. Clemmens, T. S. Strelkoff, K. H. Solomon, R. D. Bliesner et al., Irrigation Performance Measures: Efficiency and Uniformity, Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, vol.123, issue.6, pp.423-442, 1997.
DOI : 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1997)123:6(423)

URL : http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1038&context=biosysengfacpub

M. Cabelguenne and &. P. Debaeke, Experimental determination and modelling of the soil water extraction capacities of crops of maize, sunflower, soybean, sorghum and wheat, Plant and Soil, vol.202, issue.2, pp.175-192, 1998.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1004376728978

M. M. Caldwell, Plant Gas Exchange at High Wind Speeds, PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, vol.46, issue.4, pp.535-537, 1970.
DOI : 10.1104/pp.46.4.535

URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC396631

A. Capillon, Typologie des exploitations agricoles. Contribution à l'étude régionale des problèmes techniques, Th.D ? Institut National Agronomique de, 1993.

A. Capillon and &. J. Caneill, Du champ cultivé aux unités de production : un itinéraire obligé pour l'agronome, Cahier des Sciences Humaines, vol.23, pp.409-420, 1987.

F. Celette, J. Wery, E. Chantelot, J. Celette, and &. C. Gary, Belowground Interactions in a Vine (Vitis vinifera L.)-tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Shreb.) Intercropping System: Water Relations and Growth, Plant and Soil, vol.248, issue.1-2, pp.205-217, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s11104-005-4415-5

A. J. Clemmens, Measuring and improving irrigation performance at the field level Transaction of ASAE, pp.89-96, 2002.

M. Chatelin, C. Aubry, J. C. Poussin, J. Meynard, J. Masse et al., D??ciBl??, a software package for wheat crop management simulation, Agricultural Systems, vol.83, issue.1, pp.77-99, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agsy.2004.03.003

A. J. Clemmens and &. C. Burt, Accuracy of Irrigation Efficiency Estimates, Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, vol.123, issue.6, pp.443-453, 1997.
DOI : 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1997)123:6(443)

. Comité-du-foin-de-crau, Une terre de contraste à préserver : La Crau, 2003.

M. S. Corson, R. H. Skinner, and &. C. Rotz, Modification of the SPUR rangeland model to simulate species composition and pasture productivity in humid temperate regions, Agricultural Systems, vol.87, issue.2, pp.169-191, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agsy.2004.11.007

P. G. Cox, Some issues in the design of agricultural decision support systems, Agricultural Systems, vol.52, issue.2-3, pp.355-381, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0308-521X(96)00063-7

M. J. Cros, M. Duru, F. Garcia, and &. R. Martin-clouaire, A biophysical dairy farm model to evaluate rotational grazing management strategies, Agronomie, vol.23, issue.2, pp.105-122, 2003.
DOI : 10.1051/agro:2002071

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00886164

H. Cuny, J. Wery, and F. Gaufres, A simple indicator for diagnosing nitrate leaching risk below the root zone using the Tensionic tensiometers, Agronomie, vol.18, issue.8-9, pp.521-535, 1998.
DOI : 10.1051/agro:19980803

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00885901

M. Dacosta and &. B. Huang, Deficit Irrigation Effects on Water Use Characteristics of Bentgrass Species, Crop Science, vol.46, issue.4, pp.1779-1786, 2006.
DOI : 10.2135/cropsci2006.01-0043

D. Ph and &. P. Poissonet, Une méthode d'analyse phytoécologique des prairies. Critères d'applications. Annales d'agronomie, pp.5-41, 1971.

F. A. Daudet, X. Le-roux, H. Sinoquet, and &. B. Adam, Wind speed and leaf boundary layer conductance variation within tree crown. Consequences on leaf-to-atmosphere coupling and tree functions Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, pp.171-185, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/s0168-1923(99)00079-9

W. J. Davies and &. W. Hartung, Has extrapolation from biochemistry to crop functioning worked to sustain plant production under water scarcity, New directions for a diverse planet -Proceedings for the 4th International Crop Science Congress, p.26, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-32653-0_10

P. Debaeke, J. Nolot, and &. D. Raffaillac, A rule-based method for the development of crop management systems applied to grain sorghum in south-western France, Agricultural Systems, vol.90, issue.1-3, pp.180-201, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agsy.2006.01.001

R. Delpech, Critères de jugement de la valeur agronomique des prairies. Fourrages, pp.83-98, 1960.

X. P. Deng, L. Shan, H. Zhang, and &. N. Turner, Improving agricultural water use efficiency in arid and semiarid areas of China, New directions for a diverse planet - Proceedings for the 4th International Crop Science Congress, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agwat.2005.07.021

S. Diaz and &. M. Cabido, Plant functional types and ecosystem function in relation to global change, Journal of Vegetation Science, vol.67, issue.4, pp.463-474, 1997.
DOI : 10.2307/3237198

. Campbell, Plant traits responses to grazing -a global synthesis, Global Change Biology, vol.13, pp.313-341, 2007.

F. Djouabi, Diagnostic territorial et environnemental des périmètres irrigués gérés par les associations syndicales de la plaine de Crau -Contribution à l'adaptation d'un modèle de gestion et d'allocation de la ressource en eau : IRMA. Master développement rural et projet, p.273, 2004.

I. Dounias, &. A. Aubry, and . Capillon, Decision-making processes for crop management on African farms. Modelling from a case study of cotton crops in northern Cameroon, Agricultural Systems, vol.73, issue.3, pp.233-260, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0308-521X(01)00077-4

M. Duru and &. B. Hubert, Management of grazing systems: from decision and biophysical models to principles for action, Agronomie, vol.23, issue.8, pp.689-703, 2003.
DOI : 10.1051/agro:2003051

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00886229

M. Duru, P. Cruz, and &. D. Magda, Using plant traits to compare sward structure and composition of grass species across environmental gradients, Applied Vegetation Science, vol.10, issue.1, pp.11-18, 2004.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1654-109X.2004.tb00590.x

F. Gastal, G. Belanger, and &. G. Lemaire, A Model of the Leaf Extension Rate of Tall Fescue in Response to Nitrogen and Temperature, Annals of Botany, vol.70, issue.5, pp.437-442, 1992.
DOI : 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a088500

F. Gay, Elaboration d'une méthode d'évaluation des risques de pollution nitrique et de pertes de rendement en parcelles agricoles: application à la gestion des irrigations en culture de laitues sous abri froid, p.238, 2002.

N. Girard and &. B. Hubert, Modelling expert knowledge with knowledge-based systems to design decision aids, Agricultural Systems, vol.59, issue.2, pp.123-144, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0308-521X(98)00085-7

N. Girard, S. Bellon, B. Hubert, S. Lardon, C. H. Moulin et al., Categorising combinations of farmers' land use practices: an approach based on examples of sheep farms in the south of France, Agronomie, vol.21, issue.5, pp.435-459, 2001.
DOI : 10.1051/agro:2001136

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00886130

J. Girona, M. Mata, A. Arbonès, J. Rufat, and &. J. Marsal, Peach tree response to single and combined deficit irrigation regimes in deep soils, Agricultural Water Management, vol.72, issue.2, pp.97-108, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agwat.2004.09.011

G. Gleyses, A. Perrault, and J. P. Terreaux, Annexe A6 : Irrigation et pollution des eaux In : Eléments quantitatifs concernant l'irrigation dans la zone d'influence principale du projet de réservoir de Charlas, pp.178-192, 2004.

G. Gleyses and &. T. Rieu, L'irrigation en France, 2004.

P. Grieu, D. W. Lucero, R. Ardiani, and &. J. Ehleringer, The mean depth of soil water uptake by two temperate grassland species over time subjected to mild soil water deficit and competitive association, Plant and Soil, vol.230, issue.2, pp.197-209, 2001.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1010363532118

D. Han, P. O-'kiely, . Da-wen, and . Sun, Application of Water-stress Models to estimate the Herbage Dry Matter Yield of a Permanent Grassland Pasture Sward Regrowth, Biosystems Engineering, vol.84, issue.1, pp.101-111, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1537-5110(02)00220-9

M. Herrero, Modelling dairy grazing systems an integrated approach, Th.D, 1997.

P. Hugues, I. Denoy, and &. M. Ferret, Etude d'une prairie de fauche irriguée en Crau, pp.539-643, 1952.

C. Isberie, Contribution du sol à l'alimentation hydrique d'un verger de cerisiers microirrigué selon pilotage tensiométrique, II -sciences et techniques du Languedoc, 1992.

C. Isberie, A. Bensaoud, E. Lesage, and &. C. Lohou, TENSIOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS: A TOOL TO ANALYSE ROOT GROWTH AND TO SCHEDULE IRRIGATION OF LANDSCAPE TREES, Acta Horticulturae, vol.664, issue.664, pp.325-332, 2004.
DOI : 10.17660/ActaHortic.2004.664.40

B. H. Jacobsen, Farmer's decision making behaviour: empirical findings from Denmark, 1994.

M. Jouven, P. Carrere, and &. R. Baumont, Model predicting dynamics of biomass, structure and digestibility of herbage in managed permanent pastures. I. Model description. Grass and forage science, pp.112-124, 2006.

M. Jouven, P. Carrere, and &. R. Baumont, Model predicting dynamics of biomass, structure and digestibility of herbage in managed permanent pastures. II. Model evaluation. Grass and forage science, pp.125-133, 2006.

J. Kallarackal and &. C. Somen, An ecophysiological evaluation of the suitability of Eucalyptus grandis for planting in the tropics, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.95, issue.1, pp.53-61, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00004-2

M. Kassioumi, D. Veresoglou, and &. V. Noitsakis, Drought resistance and flowering phenology of five perennial grass species. The Multi-function grasslands: quality forages, animal products and landscapes, Proceedings of the 19th General Meeting of the European Grassland Federation, pp.27-30, 2002.

N. D. Katapodes and &. T. Strelkoff, Hydrodynamics of Border irrigation -Complete model, Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, vol.113, pp.309-324, 1977.

B. A. Keating, P. S. Carberry, G. L. Hammer, M. E. Probert, M. J. Robertson et al., An overview of APSIM, a model designed for farming systems simulation, European Journal of Agronomy, vol.18, issue.3-4, pp.267-288, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1161-0301(02)00108-9

B. A. Keating and &. R. Mccown, Advances in farming systems analysis and intervention, Agricultural Systems, vol.70, issue.2-3, pp.555-579, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0308-521X(01)00059-2

K. B. Kelly, C. R. Stockdale, and W. K. Mason, The productivity of irrigated legumes in northern Victoria. 1. Effect of irrigation interval, Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, vol.45, issue.12, pp.45-1567, 2003.
DOI : 10.1071/EA03212

E. Kruger, G. Schmidt, and &. U. Bruckner, Scheduling strawberry irrigation based upon tensiometer measurement and a climatic water balance model, Scientia Horticulturae, vol.81, issue.4, pp.409-424, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-4238(99)00030-8

F. Labbe, P. Ruelle, P. Garin, and . Leroy, Modelling irrigation scheduling to analyse water management at farm level, during water shortages, European Journal of Agronomy, vol.12, issue.1, pp.55-67, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S1161-0301(99)00043-X

F. Labbé, P. Ruelle, P. Garin, P. Leroy, and &. J. , Pratique d'irrigation au niveau de l'exploitation agricole et analyse de la gestion de l'eau en situation de manque: étude de cas en Charente, Proceeding of the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage -regional conference. Oxford (UK), 1997.

M. J. Lacape, J. Wery, and &. D. Annerose, Relationships between plant and soil water status in five field-grown cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars. Field Crops Research, pp.29-43, 1998.

M. Ladki, N. Faysse, D. Vega, R. Peñarrieta, and &. M. Béchard, L'urbanisation des périmètres irrigués gravitaire : problèmes, opportunités et choix difficiles, Leçons tirées des expériences française et bolivienne. In: « L'avenir de l'agriculture irriguée en Méditerranée. Nouveaux arrangements institutionnels pour une gestion de la demande en eau », 3ème séminaire international WADEMED, pp.6-9, 2006.

F. Lafolie, Modelling water flow, nitrogen transport and root uptake including physical non-equilibrium and optimization of the root water potential, Fertilizer Research, vol.12, issue.2-3, pp.215-231, 1991.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01051129

N. Lamanda, E. Malézieux, and &. P. Martin, Structure and dynamics of coconut based agroforestry systems in Melanesia: A case-study from the Vanuatu archipelago In: Tropical homegardens, a time-tested example of sustainable agroforestry Springer editions, pp.105-120, 2006.

J. Lançon, J. Wery, B. Rapidel, M. Angokaye, E. Gérardeaux et al., An improved methodology for integrated crop management systems, Agronomy for Sustainable Development, vol.7, issue.2, pp.101-110, 2007.
DOI : 10.1051/agro:2006037

W. K. Lauenroth, J. L. Dodd, and P. L. Sims, The effects of water- and nitrogen-induced stresses on plant community structure in a semiarid grassland, Oecologia, vol.168, issue.2, pp.211-222, 1978.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00349810

S. Lavorel, S. Mcintyre, J. Landsberg, and &. T. Forbes, Plant functional classifications: from general groups to specific groups based on response to disturbance, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.12, issue.12, pp.474-478, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0169-5347(97)01219-6

J. Lecoeur and &. L. Guilioni, Rate of leaf production in response to soil water deficits in field pea, Field Crops Research, vol.57, issue.3, pp.319-328, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-4290(98)00076-8

F. Lelievre and &. G. Desplobins, Pure lucerne or lucerne in association with grasses for extensive Pastures in dry northern mediterranean areas. In: Management and breeding of perennial lucerne for diversified purposes, European and Near-East Cooperative Resesearch Networks on Pastures and Fodder Crop Production.4-8 septembre 1997, pp.89-92, 1994.

G. Lemaire and &. A. Denoix, Croissance estivale en mati??re s??che de peuplements de f??tuque ??lev??e (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) et de dactyle (Dactylis glomerata L.) dans l'Ouest de la France. I. Etude en conditions de nutrition azot??e et d'alimentation hydrique non limitantes, Agronomie, vol.7, issue.6, pp.373-380, 1987.
DOI : 10.1051/agro:19870602

G. Lemaire and &. A. Denoix, Croissance estivale en mati??re s??che de peuplements de f??tuque ??lev??e (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) et de dactyle (Dactylis glomerata L.) dans l'Ouest de la France. II. Interaction entre les niveaux d'alimentation hydrique et de nutrition azot??e, Agronomie, vol.7, issue.6, pp.381-389, 1987.
DOI : 10.1051/agro:19870603

P. Leroy, J. Deumier, and C. Jacquin, IRMA: un simulateur de l'organisation des chantiers d'irrigation sur l'ensemble de la sole irriguée. Perspectives Agricoles, pp.76-83, 1997.

J. D. Levy, M. Bertin, B. Combes, J. Mazodier, and &. A. Roux, Irrigation durable -N° CGGREF: 2185: Ministère de l'agriculture, de l'alimentation, p.117, 2005.

P. Liancourt, E. Corcket, and &. R. Michalet, Stress tolerance abilities and competitive responses in a watering and fertilization field experiment, Journal of Vegetation Science, vol.72, issue.5, pp.713-722, 2005.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02414.x

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halsde-00274234

S. Loubier, G. Gleyzes, P. Garin, M. Montginoud, N. Aubry et al., Evaluation de l'efficacité d'une tarification optionnelle de l'eau d'irrigation en Charente, Congrès SHF, « gestion active des eaux, pp.12-13, 2007.

C. Loyce and &. J. Wery, Les outils de l'agronome pour l'évaluation et la conception de systèmes de culture QUAE Editions Paris, pp.77-95, 2006.

K. Mace, P. Morlon, N. Munier-jolain, and &. L. Quere, Time scales as a factor in decision-making by French farmers on weed management in annual crops, Agricultural Systems, vol.93, issue.1-3, pp.115-142, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agsy.2006.04.007

J. C. Mailhol, Validation of a Predictive Form of Horton Infiltration for Simulating Furrow Irrigation, Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, vol.129, issue.6, pp.412-421, 2003.
DOI : 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2003)129:6(412)

J. C. Mailhol, &. Jm, and . Gonzalez, Furrow Irrigation Model for Real???Time Applications on Cracking Soils, Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, vol.119, issue.5, pp.768-783, 1993.
DOI : 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1993)119:5(768)

J. C. Mailhol, P. Ruelle, and &. Z. Popova, Simulation of furrow irrigation practices (SOFIP): a field-scale modelling of water management and crop yield for furrow irrigation, Irrigation Science, vol.23, issue.4, pp.37-48, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s00271-005-0006-8

J. Marsal, M. Mata, A. Arbonès, J. Rufat, and &. J. Girona, Regulated deficit irrigation and rectification of irrigation scheduling in young pear trees: an evaluation based on vegetative and productive response, European Journal of Agronomy, vol.17, issue.2, pp.111-122, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1161-0301(02)00002-3

S. Mcintyre and &. S. Lavorel, A conceptual model of land use effects on the structure and function of herbaceous vegetation, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.119, issue.1-2, pp.11-21, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agee.2006.06.013

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halsde-00293176

J. Meynard, . Af, J. B. Aggeri, R. Coulon, &. J. Habib et al., Recherches sur la conception de systèmes agricoles innovants -rapport du groupe de travail, p.71, 2006.

S. K. Mishra, J. V. Tyagi, and &. V. Singh, Comparison of infiltration models. Hydrological processes, pp.2629-2652, 2003.

M. Monginoud, Une approche économique de la gestion de l'eau d'irrigation: des instruments de l'information et des acteurs, Th.D. Faculté des sciences économiques, p.312, 1997.

P. Moutonnet, J. Wery, and &. A. Bossy, Etude comparative de quatre dispositifs d'irrigation automatique: Application au mais irrigue en localise, Agricultural Meteorology, vol.24, pp.275-289, 1981.
DOI : 10.1016/0002-1571(81)90051-0

R. Mulia and &. C. Dupraz, Unusual Fine Root Distributions of Two Deciduous Tree Species in Southern France: What Consequences for Modelling of Tree Root Dynamics?, Plant and Soil, vol.95, issue.4, pp.71-85, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s11104-005-3770-6

P. G. Oguntunde, N. Van-de-giesen, and &. H. Savenije, Measurement and modelling of transpiration of a rain-fed citrus orchard under subhumid tropical conditions, Agricultural Water Management, vol.87, issue.2, pp.200-208, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agwat.2006.06.019

A. Olioso, T. N. Carlson, and &. Brisson, Simulation of diurnal transpiration and photosynthesis of a water stressed soybean crop, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, vol.81, issue.1-2, pp.41-59, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0168-1923(95)02297-X

T. Oweis, M. Pala, and &. J. Ryan, Stabilizing Rainfed Wheat Yields with Supplemental Irrigation and Nitrogen in a Mediterranean Climate, Agronomy Journal, vol.90, issue.5, pp.672-681, 1998.
DOI : 10.2134/agronj1998.00021962009000050017x

F. Papy, J. M. Attonaty, C. Laporte, and &. L. Soler, Work organization simulation as a basis for farm management advice (equipment and manpower, levels against climatic variability), Agricultural Systems, vol.27, issue.4, pp.295-314, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0308-521X(88)90037-6

F. Papy, Savoir pratique sur les systèmes techniques et aide à la décision (1) Paper presented at the First European Convention on Farming System Research, 1993.

F. Papy, P. Martin, and &. J. Bruno, Comment réduire les risques d'érosion par les pratiques agricoles? Sadapter aux systèmes érosifs et au contexte économique. In: Sécheresse, pollution, inondation, érosion: que fait la recherche?, Forum, 1996.

F. Papy, Farm models and decision support: a summary review Research on agricultural systems: accomplishment, perspectives and issues, Nova Science Pub, pp.89-107, 2000.

F. Papy, Interdépendance des systèmes de culture dans l'exploitation. In : « Modélisation des agroécosystèmes et aide à la décision, p.447, 2001.

F. Papy and &. J. Baudry, Le système de culture: différents niveaux d'organisation territoriale à distinguer et articuler, Les entretiens du Pradel : Agronomes et territoires. 12-13 septembre, 2002.

A. Pellegrino, E. Gozé, E. Lebon, and &. J. Wery, A model-based diagnosis tool to evaluate the water stress experienced by grapevine in field sites, European Journal of Agronomy, vol.25, issue.1, pp.49-59, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eja.2006.03.003

A. Pellegrino, E. Lebon, T. Simonneau, and &. J. Wery, Towards a simple indicator of water stress in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) based on the differential sensitivities of vegetative growth components, Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, vol.37, issue.3, pp.306-315, 2005.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1011289018599

A. Pellegrino, E. Lebon, M. Voltz, and &. J. Wery, Relationships between plant and soil water status in vine (Vitis vinifera L.), Plant and Soil, vol.29, issue.1, pp.129-142, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s11104-005-0874-y

F. Pervanchon, Modélisation de l'effet des pratiques agricoles sur la diversité végétale et la valeur agronomique des prairies permanentes en vue de l'élaboration d'indicateurs agri-environnementaux, Th.D. Institut Polytechnique de Lorraine, p.379, 2004.

V. Petit, Etude et modélisation de la variabilité de l'évapotranspiration réelle ? Application au bilan hydrologique de la plaine de Crau, Th.D. Pierre et, p.114, 1980.

P. Peyremorte, Amélioration de la conduite des arrosages par des agriculteurs qui utilisent des tensiomètres septembre, Les besoins en eau des cultures, Conférence internationale, pp.11-14, 1984.

S. Postel, Water for Agriculture: Facing the Limits, Worldwatch Paper 93 Worldwatch Institute, 1989.

G. Rana and &. N. Katerji, Measurement and estimation of actual evapotranspiration in the field under Mediterranean climate: a review, European Journal of Agronomy, vol.13, issue.2-3, pp.125-153, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S1161-0301(00)00070-8

B. Rapidel, C. Defèche, B. Traoré, J. Lançon, and &. J. Wery, In-field development of a conceptual crop functioning and management model: A case study on cotton in southern Mali, European Journal of Agronomy, vol.24, issue.4, pp.304-315, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eja.2005.10.012

S. J. Richards and &. A. Marsh, Irrigation based on soil suction measurements, pp.65-69, 1961.
DOI : 10.2136/sssaj1961.03615995002500010026x

M. Rinaldi, Application of EPIC model for irrigation scheduling of sunflower in Southern Italy, Agricultural Water Management, vol.49, issue.3, pp.185-196, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-3774(00)00148-7

J. T. Ritchie and &. S. Otter, Description and performance of CERES-Wheat: a useroriented wheat yield model, ARS Wheat yield project. ARS-38. Missouri, pp.159-175, 1985.

J. T. Ritchies, Water dynamics in the soil-plant-atmosphere system, Plant and Soil, vol.71, issue.2, pp.81-96, 1981.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02180050

P. Ruelle, J. C. Mailhol, and &. B. Itier, Assessment of evaporation losses during sprinkler irrigation under dry conditions, Ingéniéries, vol.38, pp.13-20, 2004.

F. Ruget, N. Brisson, R. Dlecolle, and &. F. Faivre, Sensitivity analysis of a crop simulation model, STICS, in order to choose the main parameters to be estimated, Agronomie, vol.22, issue.2, pp.133-158, 2002.
DOI : 10.1051/agro:2002009

E. J. Rykiel, Testing ecological models: the meaning of validation, Ecological Modelling, vol.90, issue.3, pp.229-244, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-3800(95)00152-2

A. M. Santos, M. Cabelguenne, F. L. Santos, M. R. Oliveira, R. P. Serralheiro et al., EPIC-PHASE: a Model to explore Irrigation Strategies, Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, vol.75, issue.4, pp.409-416, 2000.
DOI : 10.1006/jaer.1999.0523

J. Saos, G. Belaud, F. Charron, and &. Goulven, Quantification des flux d'eau en irrigation gravitaire en Crau ? Rapport final, p.270, 2006.

T. Sato, O. S. Abdalla, T. Y. Oweis, and T. Sakuratani, Effect of supplemental irrigation on leaf stomatal conductance of field-grown wheat in northern Syria, Agricultural Water Management, vol.85, issue.1-2, pp.105-112, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agwat.2006.03.015

H. Saucedo, C. Fuentes, and &. M. Zavala, The Saint-Venant and Richards equation system in surafce irrigation: numerical coupling for the advance phase in border irrigation, Ingenierie hidraulica en mexico, vol.20, issue.2, pp.109-119, 2005.

L. Sink, source model to simulate grassland productivity in Europe, European Journal of Agronomy, vol.9, pp.87-100

P. Schippers and W. Joenje, Modelling the effect of fertiliser, mowing, disturbance and width on the biodiversity of plant communities of field boundaries, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.93, issue.1-3, pp.351-365, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00339-5

M. Sebillote, Agronomie et Agriculture Essai d'analyse des taches de l'agronome. Cahier de l'ORSTOM série Biologie, pp.3-25, 1974.

M. Sebillote, Comment aborder et suivre l'introduction dans un système de culture de nouveaux procédés de travail du sol. Bulletin Technique d'Information, pp.302-303, 1975.

M. Sebillote, Itinéraires techniques et évolution de la pensée agronomique, C.R. Académie d'Agriculture Française, vol.11, pp.906-913, 1978.

M. Sebillote, Système de culture: un concept opératoire pour les agronomes Les systèmes de culture, INRA. Paris, pp.165-196, 1990.

M. J. Shaffer and &. M. Brodahl, Rule-based management for simulation in agricultural decision support systems, Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, vol.21, issue.2, pp.135-152, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0168-1699(98)00031-3

T. R. Sinclair and &. M. Ludlow, Influence of Soil Water Supply on the Plant Water Balance of Four Tropical Grain Legumes, Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, vol.13, issue.3, pp.329-341, 1986.
DOI : 10.1071/PP9860329

T. R. Sinclair and &. N. Seligman, Criteria for publishing papers on crop modelling. Field crop research, pp.165-172, 2000.

D. Smeal, M. K. O-'neill, and &. R. Arnold, Forage production of cool season pasture grasses as related to irrigation, Agricultural Water Management, vol.76, issue.3, pp.224-236, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agwat.2005.01.014

M. Smith, CROPWAT: Manual and guidelines, 1991.

C. Stoate, N. D. Boatman, R. J. Borralho, C. R. Carvalho, G. R. De-snoo et al., Ecological impacts of arable intensification in Europe, Journal of Environmental Management, vol.63, issue.4, pp.337-365, 2001.
DOI : 10.1006/jema.2001.0473

C. O. Stockle, S. Martin, and &. G. Campbell, CropSyst, a cropping systems simulation model: Water/nitrogen budgets and crop yield, Agricultural Systems, vol.46, issue.3, pp.335-359, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0308-521X(94)90006-2

K. Takagi, T. Tsuboya, and &. H. Takahashi, Diurnal hystereses of stomatal and bulk surface conductances in relation to vapor pressure deficit in a cool-temperate wetland Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, pp.177-191, 1998.

F. Tardieu and &. T. Simonneau, Variability among species of stomatal control under fluctuating soil water status and evaporative demand: modelling isohydric and anisohydric behaviours, Journal of experimental Botany, pp.49-419, 1998.

J. R. Tiercelin, Traité d'irrigation. Lavoisier Tec&Doc Edition, 1011.

M. Tremblay and D. Wallach, Comparison of parameter estimation methods for crop models, Agronomie, vol.24, issue.6-7, pp.351-365, 2004.
DOI : 10.1051/agro:2004033

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00886021

G. Tron, C. Isberie, and &. P. Chol, La Tensiométrie pour piloter les irrigations, p.247, 2000.

D. Vile, B. Shippey, and &. E. Garnier, Ecosystem productivity can be predicted from potential relative growth rate and species abundance, Ecology Letters, vol.428, issue.9, pp.1061-1067, 2006.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00958.x

F. Volaire and &. F. Lelièvre, Améliorer les ressources fourragères en Corse : Bilan des recherches agronomiques (1985-1991): Station of San Giuliano, p.27, 1992.

F. Volaire and &. F. Lelièvre, Drought survival in Dactylis glomerata and Festuca arundinacea under similar rooting conditions in tubes, Plant and Soil, vol.229, issue.2, pp.225-234, 2001.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1004835116453

W. R. Walker, SIRMOD, a surface irrigation model. UT 84322-4105, 1993.

J. S. Wallace, Increasing agricultural water use efficiency to meet future food production, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.82, issue.1-3, pp.105-119, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-8809(00)00220-6

D. Wallach, B. Goffinet, J. E. Bergez, P. Debaeke, D. Leenhardt et al., Parameter Estimation for Crop Models, Agronomy Journal, vol.93, issue.4, pp.757-766, 2001.
DOI : 10.2134/agronj2001.934757x

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00886021

D. Wallach, D. Makowski, and &. J. Jones, Working with dynamic crop models: evaluation, analysis, parameterization and applications, p.447, 2006.

B. Walliser, Systèmes et modèles: introduction critique à l'analyse de système. Le Seuil Edition, 1977.

J. Wery, Differential effects of soil water deficit on the basic plant functions and their significance to analyse crop responses to water deficit in indeterminate plants, Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, vol.56, issue.11, pp.1201-1209, 2005.
DOI : 10.1071/AR05066

S. C. White and &. S. Raine, Identifying the Potential to Apply Deficit Irrigation Strategies in Cotton Using Large Mobile Irrigation Machines, New directions for a diverse planet -Proceedings for the 4th International Crop Science Congress, p.26, 2004.

J. R. Wilson, Effects of water stress on herbage quality, Proceedings of the XIV International Grassland Congress, pp.15-24, 1983.

F. Zatarain, C. Fuentes, L. Rendon, and &. M. Vauclin, Effective soil hydrodynamic properties in border irrigation. Hydraulic enngineering in Mexico, Ingeniera hidraulica en Mexico, vol.18, issue.3, pp.5-15, 2003.

D. Zerihun, A. Furman, A. W. Warrick, and &. C. Sanchez, Coupled surface -subsurface solute transport model for irrigation borders and bassins. I. Model development, Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, issue.5, pp.131-396, 2005.
DOI : 10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(2005)131:5(396)

. Vu-le-règlement, CEE) no 2081/92 du Conseil du 14 juillet 1992 relatif à la protection des indications géographiques et des appellations d'origine des produits agricoles et des denrées alimentaires

. Art, -Seul a droit à l'appellation d'origine contrôlée « Foin de Crau » le foin répondant aux conditions de production définies par le présent décret
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00901487

L. Crau, Questionnaire d'enquête Partie 1 : caractérisation de l'exploitation N° d'enquête : Nom et adresse : N° de tel : Statut de l'enquêté Responsabilités syndicales A / histoire de l'exploitation Date d'installation, ANNEXE, vol.4

. Avez-vous-modifié-votre-façon-d, irriguer depuis que vous avez commencé, comment, pourquoi, références ? A quels points clés de l'irrigation apportez-vous le plus de soin ? Qu'est ce qui est le plus difficile avec l'irrigation des cultures ? Contrôlez-vous la qualité de l'arrosage ? (quels points de contrôle ?) et la quantité ? Fréquence optimale d'arrosage des prairies ? Pourquoi ? Evaluation des besoins en eau des prairies ? en fonction de quoi ? Débit moyen optimum pour arroser ces prairies ? Zones de stagnation ?

. Qui, irrigation ? (main d'oeuvre) fonctionnement de l'arroseur ? Horaires de travail et période de vacances ? Disponibilité, permanences ? Entretien des martelières ? Entretien des canaux ? Fuites nombreuses ?

. Dmnet, If coupe = 1 then Dmnet = DM_res_coupe Else Dmnet = Dmnet + Dmgrowth ? Dmsen * (1-L)