?. ?-?-r??r-t-?-?-??s?r?-t??, ?. , ?. , ?. ?tt??, ?. ?r-s? et al., GHz? s??? r???? ?????s s???r?t?? ?? ?tt????t?rs r?????r?? ?????? ?? t?? ?r????? s?? ???????? ??? ??r??s? ?? t??s? ?tt????t?rs ?s t? t??r?????? t?? t??r??? r????t??? ????r?t?? ?t 300 K? ???? ????? s??t??? ??t???? t?? ?tt????t?rs ?s ??r?????? t??r?????s? ??rts ?? t?? ???r??? ?? ??rr??t? ?t ?s ?r????? t? ?s? ?tt????t?rs ??t? ???r??t?r?st??s ?r?s??t??? ??r??t???s ?s s????

@. Of-the-temperature, ?. ?. ?r??s?s-t??-t?-?-?-?r?t?r?, ?. T??, ?. ?. , ?. ?. et al., ? f (?)) ??r ????tr??s? f (?) ?P? C I 1 I 1 (? = 0) ???r T = 0.5? ?s t??r???r? s?????r t??? t?? t?t?? ?????r ?? ????tr??????? ???rs ???tt?? ??r ??r???? t?? ????r??? ?? ????tr??????? ???rs ??t??t??? ?s r?????? ?? t?? t????r?t?r?? ??? ?????ts t??s ????t t? ?? ??rt?????r?? str??? ???? ???r??s ?r? ???tt?? ???s? t? t?? ??r?? ???r??? t??t ?s ?? t?? ? 0 = ? r?????? ?r ??r ??r?? tr??s??ss??? D? ?? ???? ???tt?? ?? ??????? t?? ????r???? ??t???? t?? ??r???r?q????? ???s? C I 1 I 1 (? = 0) ?? t?? ? 0 = ? r???? ???r??s ?r? ???tt?? ???s? t? t?? ??r?? ???r??? t?? s?st??s ??t??ts ??ss ?? t??? t??? ?? t?? ??t??r?s????t r?????? ???s ????t ?s ??s? ?r?s??t ?t 100 mK ??r ?? ??? ??r?????s? ??r???? ?t ??? ?????? t????r?t?r? ?s t??r???r? ?r????? ?? ?r??r t? ?r???s??? ???s?r? t??

?. , ?. , ?. ??ts-t??, ?. , ?. ??-?-s-?-?-t??-?-?-?r??-??str???t? et al., ? = 0) ??t? r?s???t t? V bias ?t tr??s??ss??? D = 0

C. I1i1-?-?-@bullet-?-tt??-?s, ?. ??-?-?t?-?-?-?-?-t??-tr?, ?. , ?. , ?. D?-t-=-0 et al., ?? t?? ? 0 = 0 r????? ?s r?????? ?? ? 60%? ????? t?? ??r??t???s ?r? ????st s???r?ss?? ?t 500 mK? ? ???t? t????r?t?r? ???t??? r??s?????? ?????s? t??t ?s 100 mK? ?s ??ss ?r??????t?? ??r t??s ???s?r????t t??? ??r t?? ???s?r????t ?? t?? ??r??t??? ?? t?? ?????r ?? ???tt?? ????tr??????? ???r ??t? t?? ??t st?t?? ??t??t??? ? 0 ??s?r???? ?? t?? ?r?????s ??r??r???? s???? t?? ??t??t?? ??r????? ?s C(? = 0)? ????? t?????? ?????s ?r? ??t ????t?? ?? t?? t????r?t?r?? ???? t?? ??r???t??? ?? C(? = 0) ??t? r?s???t t? V bias ? ??????s ??t? t?? t????r?t?r? ?s?? ??s?ts ?? ????????? ?t 100 mK ?r?? ?????? t?? ??r??t??? ?? C(? = 0) ??t? V bias ?s q??t? s??

?. Pr, ?. ?????-t??t-t??-?@bullet??tr, ?. ??, @. ?. ?r?t?r?-?s, ?. ??s?r?-t??-??r et al., ? t?? ? 0 = ? r?????? ???r? ???r??s ?r? ???tt?? ???s? t? t?? ??r?? ???r??? t??s ???r??s? ?s ??? t? t?? ????t?? ??r?V bias ??rs?s V bias ? ??r ???r??s??? t????r?t?r?s? 0 K ???????? 100 mK ?r???? 500 mK ??????? ?? ??t??r?s????t ??s? ? 0 = 0? ?? r?s????t ??s? ? 0 = ?? ??s?ts? ??r??t??? ?? C(? = 0) ??t? V bias ? ??r t?? s??? t????r?t?r?s? ???r?? ?s ???tt?? ???s? t? t?? ??r

?. ????r?, ?. ??-?-??@bullets?, ?. @bullet-?-rs?-?-?-t??-s?-?-?-@bullet?s-?s??, ?. T??, ?. ?. et al., ?s ?s t? s????t t?? s??r?? ?r?s??t??? t?? ??st s?t?s????? ???r??t?r?st??s? ??rt?????r?? r???r???? ?ts r?s???s? t? t?? ??t ?P? ??t? ???t??? V g t?? t?? ????s? ??t?r s????t??? t?? q???t?? ??t ??t? t?? ??st ???r??t?r?st??s? t?? ??????r?t??? ?? t?? s????? ?s ?s s???? ?? ????????? t?? tr??s??ss??? ?? t?? ???tr?? ?P? T ?s t???? ??t? t?? ??t? ???t??? V qpc ? ????? t?? tr??s??ss??? ?? t?? ??t ?P? D ?s t???? ??t? t?? ??t? ???t??? V g

?. ??-???-t-?-r?@bullet??-?-?-r-t??, ?. , ?. ?s-s?-?-?-@bullet?s?-?-?-t??, ?. ?@bullet-??@bullet??-?-?-t??-?@bullet??tr, ?. ??-?-s?t? et al., ???? ????t s?st??s? t?? r?s?st???? ?r?s??ts ? s?r??s ?? ???t???s ?t ???? ?????t?? ???? ?t ??t???r ?r??t???s ?? t?? r?s?st???? q???t?? R K ? 25.8 k?? ???s? ???t???s ??rr?s kHz? tr??s??ss??? ??t???? t?? ???s??, Characterization, issue.2

?. ???s-r?s?@bullett-??s-?rst, ?. , ?. ?????, ?. ????-pr?@bullet?, ?. ?. et al., ???? ?s t?? ???????t?? ??rr??t ?s??? ?? ????? ?P? tr??s??ss??? ??? ?s?? ?q?????? ??t? t?? ??r???t?rs V g0 = ?0.567 V ??? ?V = 7 mV ???s??? ????s?? ?? ?r??r t? tr? t? r??r????? t?? ????r????t?? r?s??ts? ?? ???? ??????? t?? r?s?????? ??t? ? ??r??t???? ??r?? ?s????t?? s????? t???r?s s???? ????t??? V g ? s?? ??????????? ??? ???????t?? ??rr??t ?s s?59 V? ?t ?s ??t ??ss???? t? r??r????? t?? ???????r ?? t?? ????r????t?? ??t? ??r V g = ?0.61 V ? ?0.59 V? ???r? t?? ???????r? ??rt ?? t?? ??rr??t ?s s?st???t?????? ??r??r t??? t?? r??? ??rt? ???s ???????r ?s ??t ???s?st??t ??t? t?? ?????r???t ??s?r??t??? ?? t?? s??r?? ?r?s??t?? ?? t?? ?rst ?P? tr??s??ss??? ?r?? t?? ??? ?r?q????? ???s?r????ts ?? t?? ???tr?? ?P? tr??s??ss??? ?s ? ????t??? ?? t?? ??t? ???t???s V g ??? V qpc ? ?? ???s?r? t?? tr??s??ss??? T ?s ? ????t??? ?? t?? ???tr?? ?P? ??t? ???t??? V qpc ??r s???r?? ?????s ?? V g ? ?? t?? ???????? ??t???? t?? t?? ??t?s ?s ??r?? ??? ?????ts t? ???s?r? t?? tr??s??ss??? tr??? s???? ????r? ??????????? ??????t?? ?? t?? ??????s ?? V g ? ??r ? ???t? ????????? t?? tr??s??ss??? tr???s ?r? s????t?? s???t?? ?s V g ??????s? ?? ?s? s???r?? ????ts ?? t?? tr??s??ss??? tr???? ????????? t?? s??r? r?s?????? ?t ??? tr??s??ss??? ?s?? ?????????? t?

?. ?-r-t??, ?. @bullet?, ?. ???, ?. T??-s?, ?. ?@bullet?-?@bullet??tr-?-?-s-?-?r??-??rs?s-v-g-?-?-r-s? et al., ?? ??rr??t? ??r 2eV exc = ?? t?? s??? s????t???t? ?? t?? s??r??? ???s r?s??t ????r?s t?? ??????t? ?? t?? ??s?r??t?

?. ????r?, ?. T??-s?, ?. ?@bullet?-?@bullet??tr-?-?-s-?-?r??-??rs?s-?-?-??@bullet?s-?-?-t??-?rst-??r, ?. ??-?-?-t??-??rr?, ?. et al., ? r?? ??r???s? ?s ??t s?t?s???t?r?? ?? ??rt?????r? t?? ????? ?? t?? ???s? ??r |I ? | = ef 0 ?s s????????t?? ????r t??? ?????t??? ???? t????? t?? r?s?????? ?? t?? ??t ?P? tr??s??ss??? ????????t?s t?? ??s?r??t??? ?? t?? s??r?? ?? t?r?s ?? ?? ??r???t ??????ts ?t ??? tr??s??ss???s? t?? ??t? ?t ?????r tr??s??ss???s ?r? ???s?st??t ??t? t?? t???r?t????, ?? ?s? t?? s??? ???r?t??? ????t ?s ??r t?? ?????r?q????? ???s?r????ts? ?s ??s?r???? ?? t?? s??tt?r??? ????? s??t???? t?? ???? ?r?q????? ??rt ?? ??? ???? Pr???????r? r?s??ts ????r? ????? ???? ?r?q????? ???s? ?? t?? ??? ?????tr?? ???s?r?? ?s ? ????t??? ?? t?? tr??s??ss??? T ?????? ??ts?? ??? ????? ????st???t ??t? t?? ????t??? 4n e/h T (1 ? T ) + T 2 S? ??? ?t ?????s n e

?. Variation, ?. ????-?-??s?r??-t??-??r, ?. ??-?-?-?s?-?-?-r-t-=-0, ?. 5?-?-?-r, ?. ?. ??? et al., 8 GHz? ?s ? ????t??? ?? t?? ???tr?? ?P? tr??s??ss??? T ? s?????r?? t? ???????? ??? ??t????? r?s??t? s???? ?? ????????? ?s ???s?st??t ??t? t?? ?r?????s r?s??ts? t?? ?t? ?s??? t?? s?

?. , ?. ?. , ?. Ghz-??rr??r-?s-s?, ?. R?ss??, ?. et al., t?? s?t??? t?? 1.5 GHz ??rr??r ?r?q????? ?s r?????? ??70 dB? ??t? ??????r????? 1.5 GHz ??t?? ??t?rs? ??? ???s?s ?? t?? t?? ??t??t ?r?s ?r? s??tr??t?? ??t? ?? ?s? ? ???t?r ??t??r? ???????r t? ???s?r? t?? tr??s??ss??? ??t???? t?? ?rst ????t ?? t?? s?t?? ??t? ? 90 dB ?tt????t?

?. , ?. ???-?-?-?-?-?-@bullet?r??, ?. ????t??-???s, ?. ??, ?. ??-?s?-?-?-?-q??rt?r et al., 03 pF? ??? t?? s????? ?? 0???r tr??s??ss??? t?r???? t?? tr??s??r??r ?? 97%? ??? ?s? ?? t?? tr??s??r??r ?????s t? ???r??s? t?? ????r s???tr?? ???s?t? ?? t?? ???s?r?? s?????s ?? ? ???t?r 2.4? ??r ? ???s? t????r?t?r? ?? t?? ???????rs ?? ????t 7 K ??? ? 120 ? ???s?r????t ????? ?q????? ????s ?? ?????t?? s??s?t???t? ?? 2 × 10 ?28 A 2 /Hz/ ? Hz? 4.1.3 Operation of the setup,5 ??? ? r???r???? ??t? ???t??? V g ref ????? ?????s t?? ??r? ?? t?? ???s?r?? ???s?? ?? t??s ???s?r? t?? ????ss ???s? ?????r?? t? ? r???r???? ???r?t??? ????t ?? t?? s?????? ????? t?? ???s?r????t ?????? ?s ?????? s??s?t???? ??? ??s t? ???? s?r? t??t t?? t????r?t?r? ????r???? ??t???? t?? 120?t?r ??r??s ?s s????? ?s ??ss????? ?? ??????t t?? 120 ? ???? ?? t?? s????? ????????? tr??s??r??r ????t ?? t?? s????? ?????r ?s?? ????????? t? t?? s??

?. Low-frequency-noise-measurement-setup-?-?-t??s-s??t?, ?. ??-??s?r???-t??-?-??s?r?-?-?-?-t-s?t?, ?. T??-st???, ?. @bullet-?-???r?q??, ?. ??-??rr?-?-t-???t???-t?-?-?-s-?-?-?-?-?rt?t? et al., ?r??s? t?? s??s?t???t?? 4.2.1 Description of the setup??s? ?s ?s????? ???? ??r??r t??? t?? ???s?r?? s?????? s? t??t ? s???? ???t??t??? ?? t?? ???? ???s?s ??r??t???s ?? t?? ???s? ??s?t st??? ??r??r t??? t?? s?????? ?s ??r t?? ??????r?q????? ???s?r????t s?t??? ?t ?s t??r???r? ?r????? t? r??s? ???s?r????t s?t??s ????r? ????? ??????t?? ???? ?? t?? ??? ?r?q????? ???s? ???s?r????t s?t??? ??? ??t?r st???s ?r? ??s?r???? ?? ????????? r??r???r?t?r t? r????? t??s ????t????? ???s?? ?? t??s ??s?? ??? s????? ??r?????? ????s? t?? ?????t?r s? t??t ?ts ???r??t?r?st??s

?. ????-???@bullett-t?-?-?-?-?s?-?-??s?r?-?-?-?-t-s?t?, ?. , ?. , ?. ??s?r?-t??, @. ?. et al., ?s ?? t?? s??r??? t?? ???s? r?????s t? t?? q???t?? ??tt?r? t??s ?????str?t??? s????? ??rt???? ???ss???? ?? ???? ??s? ??s?r??? t?? ?r?ss???r ??t???? t?? q???t?? ??tt?r r????? ??? t?? s??t ???s? r?????? ???r? s????? ???r??s ?r? ???tt?? r?t?r ??t? t?? r?s??ts ??????? ?? t?? t?? ?????s ??t???t ??? ?r?? ??r???t?r? ?? ???? ??s? ????????t?? ? ?????r?q????? ???s? ???s?r????t s?t?? ?? ?r??r t? ??r??r? t?? ????r????ts ?r?s??t?? ?? t?? t??r? ????t?r? ????? t?? s??s?t???t? ?? t??s s?t?? ?s ??t ?s ???? ?s t?? s??s?t???t? ?? t?? ??????r?q????? ???s? ???s?r????t s?t??? ??? ??? ???s???r s???r?? r???t????? s????? ???????t???s t??t ????? s????????t?? ???r??s? ?ts ????????? ?? ??????s???? t?? ???s?r????ts ??r??r??? ??r??? ?? t??s?s ?r? t?? ?rst ????r????t?? r??????t??? ?? s?????????r?? ????tr?? q???t?? ??t??s ????r????ts? ?? ???? s???? t??t t?? ??rr??t ???t??t???s ????? t?? s????t?r? ?? s????? ??rt???? ???ss???? ?s ???? ?s ????r??s ????r??t???s ?? t?? ?????r ?? ???tt?? ????tr??????? ???rs ??r ??r??? ??? t?? ???r?? ??str???t??? ?? t?? ???tt?? ???r??s? t??s ?????str?t??? t?? ???t t??t ???s? ???s?r????ts ?r? t?? ?r???r t???s ??r t?? r??????t?

?. ???-?-?t?-?-?-?-?-t??-?r??t?, ?. ??-?-?-???@bullet?t?-?-?-?-?-?r?t-?-rs-?-?-r-t??-?-?-rr?@bullet?t?-?-?-s, ?. T??, ?. ??-?-?-?tr??, ?. ???-??-?-?@bullet?-?@bullet??tr-?-?-?-?-?tt?r et al., ?V bias ??rs?s V bias?? C I 1 I 1 (? = 0, ? 0 = ?) ? C I 1 I 1 (? = 0 ???? ?r??s??ss??? ?? t?? ???r??? ?? ??rr??t ???tt?? ?? t?? s??r?? ?? t?? ???tr?? ?P?? ? ? ??? ???? ???s? ?? t?? s????? ????tr?? s??r?? ?? s?