indice de Simpson se comporte comme l'indice de Shannon et l'indice de Dominance un peu à l'inverse de ces indices ,
figure 62 pour l'image T2M est intéressante. C'est la seule qui possède deux pics à deux résolutions différentes (10 et 40) m. Nous n'avons pas d'interprétation particulière de ces deux pics, si ce n'est l'existence possible de deux niveaux distincts d'homogénéité des agrégats ,
Forest ecosystem research -priorities for Europe, Forest Ecology and Management, issue.132, pp.111-119, 2000. ,
Discrimination between Betula pendula, Betula pubescens and their using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy, Canadien Journal of Forest Research, issue.27, pp.1896-1900, 1997. ,
Essai de cartographie des espèces forestières dominantes dans le moyen atlas (Maroc) à l'aide des données ASTER, Télédétection, vol.7, pp.1-2, 2007. ,
La végétation du Mont Ventoux. Revue d'écologie appliquée, supplément 1, pp.21-37, 1978. ,
Dossier de télédétection: réponse spectrale des végétaux, Rennes, vol.2, p.71, 1985. ,
Demography of a savanna palm tree: predictions from comprehensive spatial pattern analyses, Ecology, issue.80, pp.1987-2005, 1999. ,
The effects of forest management on plant species diversity in a Sierran conifer forest, Forest Ecology and Management, issue.146, pp.211-222, 2001. ,
Physiological ecology of tropical succession : a comparative review, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, issue.11, pp.287-310, 1980. ,
Vegetation dynamics in the North-West Mediterranean regions : instability of the Mediterranean bioclimate, Plant Biosystems, issue.139, pp.114-126, 2005. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00267387
Biodiversity, disturbances, ecosystem function and management of European forests, Forest Ecology and Management, issue.132, pp.39-50, 2000. ,
Emergence of Geographic Information Systems in Forestery The literature of Forestery and Agroforestery, pp.107-128, 1996. ,
A test of airborne multispectral videography for assessing the accuracy of wildlife habitat maps, Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, issue.21, pp.357-366, 1995. ,
La recherche scientifique et la gestion durable des forêts : la contribution française. Revue Forestière Française, n° spécial, pp.155-168, 1996. ,
Géographies plurielles : les sciences géographiques au moment de l'émergence des sciences humaines (1750 -1850). L'Harmattan, p.349, 2006. ,
Mediterranean biodiversity and conservation The Physical Geography of the Mediterranean Basin, pp.604-638, 2009. ,
Tree species mapping with Airborne hyper???spectral MIVIS data: the Ticino Park study case, International Journal of Remote Sensing, vol.104, issue.6, pp.5-6, 2007. ,
DOI : 10.1080/0143116031000101611
An assessment of canopy stratification and tree species diversity following clearcutting in central Appalachian hardwoods, Forest Science, issue.50, pp.54-64, 2004. ,
Early season crop discrimination with combined SAR and TM data, Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, issue.15, pp.44-54, 1989. ,
Précis de télédétection. Traitement numérique d'images de télédétection, Presses de l'université du Québec, p.386, 2001. ,
Analyse comparative de la classification contextuelle et du maximum de vraisemblance : synthèse et cas d'étude. Télédétection, pp.2-3, 2003. ,
Tuareg : Classification non supervisée contextualisée Actes de la Sixième Conférence d'Apprentissage, pp.159-174, 2004. ,
A neural network method for efficient vegetation mapping?An introduction, Remote Sensing of Environment, issue.70, pp.326-338, 1999. ,
Indicators of plant species richness in AVIRIS spectre of mesic grassland, Remote sensing of Environment, issue.98, pp.304-316, 2005. ,
Growing-season microclimate gradients from clearcut edges into old-growth Douglas-fir forests, Ecology Application, issue.5, pp.74-86, 1995. ,
Convergence during secondary forest succession, Journal of Ecology, issue.72, pp.25-36, 1984. ,
The relation between normalized difference vegetation index and ecological variables, Remote Sensing of Environment, issue.35, pp.279-298, 1991. ,
The effects of Data Aggregation in Statistical Analysis, Geographical Analysis, pp.429-438, 1976. ,
Estimating structural attributes of Douglas Fir/ western hemlock forest stands from Landsat and SPOT imagery, pp.1-17, 1992. ,
Semivariograms of digital imagery for analysis of conifer canopy structure, Remote Sensing of Environment, issue.34, pp.167-178, 1990. ,
Assessing the accuracy of remotely sensed data: principles and practices, Boca Raton, p.137, 1999. ,
A theoretical comparison of texture algorithms, IEEE Trans. on PAMI, issue.2, pp.204-222, 1980. ,
The expert or the algorithm??Comparison of priority conservation areas in the Cape Floristic Region identified by park managers and reserve selection software, Biological Conservation, issue.112, pp.147-167, 2003. ,
Combining remote sensing and forest ecosystem modelling: An example using the regional hydroecological simulation system (RHESSys), the Use of remote Sensing in the Modeling of Forest Productivity (ED.) Gholz, Nakane and Shinoda, pp.135-158, 1997. ,
Report on the scientific roundtable on biological diversity convened by the Chequamegon and Nicolet National Forests, p.55, 1994. ,
Conceptual and mathematical relationships among methods for spatial analysis, Ecography, issue.25, pp.558-577, 2002. ,
Spectral Discrimination of Cannabis sativa L. Leaves and Canopies, pp.192-201, 1998. ,
An integrated approach to biological diversity assessment, Natural Areas Journal, issue.17, pp.355-365, 1997. ,
A remote sensing and GIS based model of habitats and biodiversity in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, International Journal of Remote Sensing, issue.20, pp.3281-3291, 1999. ,
Apport des informations de texture en télédétection pour l'étude de l'occupation des sols, pp.9-27, 1997. ,
Présentation du Mont Ventoux. La Terre et la Vie, Revue d'écologie appliquée, supplément1, pp.11-20, 1978. ,
Les peuplements de fourmis et les peuplements d'acridiens du Mont Ventoux. Remarques préliminaires et définition des milieux étudiés. La terre et la vie, pp.147-160, 1978. ,
A balanced view of scale in spatial statistical analysis, Ecography, issue.25, pp.626-640, 2002. ,
Introduction to the physics and techniques of Remote sensing, p.559, 2006. ,
The challenge of combining timber production and biodiversity conservation for long-term ecosystem functioning -a case study of Swedish boreal forestry, Forest Ecology and Management, issue.237, pp.208-217, 2006. ,
Fundamentals of Image Analysis: Analysis of Visible and Thermal Infrared Data, The Manual of Remote Sensing, pp.987-1124, 1983. ,
Evaluation of the mid infrared (1.45 to 2.0 micrometer) with a black-and white infrared video camera, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, issue.52, pp.1655-1660, 1986. ,
European forest ecosystems: building the future on the legacy of the past, Forest Ecology and Management, issue.132, pp.5-20, 2000. ,
Design concepts adopted in long-term forest monitoring programs in Europe ? Problems for the future? The Science of The Total Environment, pp.171-178, 2003. ,
Résolution et modes spectraux, Spot image, 2005. ,
Efficient K-nearest neighbour searches for multi-sources forest attribute mapping, Remote Sensing and Environment, issue.112, pp.2203-2211, 2008. ,
Utility and limitations of species richness metrics for conservation planning, Ecological Indicators, issue.6, pp.543-553, 2006. ,
Mapping the species richness and composition of tropical forests from remotely sensed data with neural networks, Ecological Modelling, pp.37-42, 0195. ,
Incorporating mixed pixels in the training, allocation and testing stages of supervised classification, Pattern Recognition Letters, issue.17, pp.1389-1398, 1996. ,
Distribution and biology of the spotted owl, Wildlife Monographs, vol.87, pp.1-64, 1984. ,
Disturbances and structural development of natural forest ecosystems with silvicultural implications, using Douglas-fir forests as an example, Forest Ecology and Management, issue.155, pp.399-423, 2002. ,
Satellite remote sensing of balsam for forest structure, growth, and cumulative defoliation, Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, issue.21 4, pp.400-411, 1995. ,
The land cover map of GB: an automated classification of landsat TM data, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, issue.60, pp.553-567, 1994. ,
The influence of canopy strata on remotely sensed observations of savanna-woodlands, International journal of Remote Sensing, issue.18, pp.2985-3009, 1997. ,
Forest woody biomass classification with satellite ?based radar coherence over 900 000 km² in Central Siberia, Forest Ecology and Management, issue.174, pp.65-75, 2003. ,
Certain effects of grouping upon the size of the correlation coefficient in census tract material », Journal of the American Statistical Association, pp.169-170, 1934. ,
A mixture modelling approach to estimate vegetation parameters for heterogeneous canopies in remote sensing, Remote Sensing of Environment, issue.72, pp.328-345, 2000. ,
Herbaceous-layer and overstory species in clear-cut and mature central Appalachian hardwood forest, Ecological Applications, issue.5, pp.4-947, 1995. ,
Seasonal variations in leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll, and water content ; scaling-up to estimate fAPAR and carbon balance in a multilayer, multispecies temperate forest, Tree physiology, pp.673-679, 1999. ,
REMOTE SENSING OF VEGETATION, PLANT SPECIES RICHNESS, AND REGIONAL BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS, Ecological Applications, vol.10, issue.6, pp.1861-1870, 2000. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-3207(98)00133-5
Gaps size, within-gap position and canopy structure effects on conifer seedling establishment, Journal of ecology, issue.84, pp.635-645, 1996. ,
Textural features for image classification, IEEE Trans. on SMC, issue.3, pp.610-621, 1973. ,
Colonization dynamics of herbs and shrubs in a disturbed northern hardwood forest, Journal of Ecology, issue.79, pp.3-605, 1991. ,
Accuracy comparison of various remote sensing data sources in the retrieval of forest stand attributes, Forest Ecology and Management, issue.128, pp.109-120, 2000. ,
The use of backpropagating artificial neural networks in land cover classification, International Journal of Remote Sensing, issue.24, pp.4907-4938, 2003. ,
Remotely sensed habitat diversity predicts butterfly species richness and community similarity in Canada, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, issue.98, pp.11365-11370, 2001. ,
Optimal directional view angles for remotesensing mission, International Journal of Remote Sensing, issue.5, pp.887-908, 1984. ,
Empirical relationships between structural and spectral factors of Yellowstone Lodgepole Pine Forests, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, vol.63, issue.12, pp.1375-1381, 1997. ,
On the definition of scale, Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, issue.84, pp.104-105, 2000. ,
Pattern diversity assessment using remotly sensed data in the Western Ghats of India, Tropical Ecology, issue.38, pp.273-283, 1997. ,
Predicting plant diversity based on remote sensing products in the semi-arid region of Inner Mongolia, Remote Sensing of Environment, issue.112, pp.2018-2032, 2008. ,
Organisms as ecosystem engineers, Oikos, issue.69, pp.373-386, 1994. ,
Gaussian mixture discriminant analysis and sub-pixel land cover characterization in remote sensing, Remote Sensing of Environment, issue.84, pp.550-560, 2003. ,
Development of effective indicators for monitoring biodiversity in tropical moist forest ecosystems, Project R6515. Department for International Development (DFID), 2002. ,
Accounting for spatial pattern when modelling organism?environment interaction, Ecography, issue.25, pp.616-625, 2002. ,
Vegetation Mapping, p.635, 1988. ,
Une classification dirigée fondée sur les spectres de texture : Application à l'étude des paysages de la montagne de Lure, Télédétection, vol.4, issue.4, pp.373-380, 2005. ,
Biodiversité, Dynamique biologique et conservation, p.248, 2001. ,
Integrating the statistical analysis of spatial data in ecology, Ecography, issue.25, pp.553-557, 2002. ,
Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, p.724, 2000. ,
Indicators of biodiversity for ecologically sustainable forest management, Conservation. Biology, vol.14, issue.4, pp.941-950, 2000. ,
Prediction of total and rare plant species richness in agricultural landscape from satellite images and topographic data, Landscap Ecology, issue.17, pp.195-217, 2002. ,
Contextual classification of Landsat TM images to forest inventory cover types, International Journal of Remote Sensing, issue.25, pp.2421-2440, 2004. ,
Sensibilité des indices de diversité à l'agrégation, in Informations géographiques, Structuration, extraction et utilisation, pp.293-308, 2007. ,
Estimation of forest stand volumes by Landsat TM imagery and stand-level fieldinventory data, Forest Ecology and Management, pp.245-255, 0196. ,
Remote sensing and the measurement of geographical entities in a forested environment; part 1 Te scale and spatial aggregation problem, Remote Sensing of environment, vol.49, issue.2, pp.93-104, 1994. ,
The effects of harvest-created gaps on plant species diversity, composition, and abundance in a Maine oak_pine forest, Forest Ecology and Management, issue.176, pp.543-561, 2003. ,
High spatial resolution remote sensing of forest trees, Trends in Ecology and Environment, issue.13, pp.300-301, 1998. ,
Landscape distribution and characteristics of large hurricanerelated canopy gaps in a southern Appalachian watershed, Forest Ecology and Management, issue.196, pp.435-447, 2004. ,
Mise en place et évolution de la biodiversité : l'exemple de la flore méditerranéenne, CNRS Éditions, pp.97-112, 2005. ,
Semi-automated for tree species identification in high spatial resolution data from digitised colour infrared-aerial photography ISPRS, Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, issue.51, pp.5-16, 1996. ,
Distance to second cluster as a measure of classification confidence, Remote Sensing of Environment, issue.112, pp.2615-2626, 2008. ,
Functional roles of biodiversity. A global perspective, p.496, 1996. ,
Comparing global vegetation maps with the Kappa statistic, Ecological Modelling, vol.62, pp.275-293, 1992. ,
Characterization of the spatial strucyure of the canopy in Pinus silvestris L. stands in Central Sapin from hemispherical photographs, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.255, 2008. ,
Using historic management records to characterize the effects of management on the structural diversity of forests, Forest Ecology and Management, issue.207, pp.279-293, 2005. ,
A comparative study of aboveground biomass of three Mediterranean species in a post-fire succession, Acta Oecologica Int. Journal of Ecology, issue.25, pp.1-6, 2004. ,
Satellite imagery as a tool for monitoring species diversity : An assessment, Journal of Applied Ecology, issue.36, pp.388-397, 1999. ,
Using remote sensing to assess biodiversity, International Journal of Remote Sensing, vol.22, issue.12, pp.2377-2400, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1080/01431160117096
Mapping East African tropical forests and woodlands. A comparison of classifiers, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, issue.61, pp.393-404, 2007. ,
Indicateurs de la biodiversité dans les inventaires forestiers nationaux, Unasylva, vol.53, issue.210, pp.56-75, 2002. ,
Spatial heterogeneity of light and woody seedling regeneration in tropical wet forests, Ecology, issue.80, pp.1908-1926, 1999. ,
Manuel d'évaluation de la biodiversité. Guide à l'intention des décideurs, OCDE, p.176, 2002. ,
Mapping habitat and biological diversity in the Massai Mara ecosystem, International Journal of Remote Sensing, issue.24, pp.1053-1069, 2003. ,
Interannual variability of NDVI and species richness in Kenya, International Journal of Remote Sensing, issue.23, pp.285-298, 2002. ,
The role of remote sensing in the study of terrestrial net primary production, 2005. ,
Scale problems in reporting landscape pattern at the regional scale, Landscape Ecology, issue.11, pp.169-180, 1996. ,
Quantitative tools for perfecting species lists, Environmetrics, issue.13, pp.121-137, 2002. ,
LandBioDiv: un nouveau modèle de prédiction spatialisée de la diversité et de la composition spécifique au niveau du paysage Exemple d'application en région méditerranéenne (France) Une thèse de doctorat, p.408, 2004. ,
Biodiversity: Exploring Values and Priorities in Conservation, p.192, 1997. ,
Spatial and temproral biodiversity in ahigh mountain environment : the case of the proglacial margin of the Evettes, Natura, vol.374, 2000. ,
Patch dynamics: a synthesis, The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics, pp.371-384, 1985. ,
Écologie et biogéographie des forêts du bassin méditerranéen, p.573, 2003. ,
Aggregating fine-scale ecological knowledge to model coarser-scale attributes of ecosystems, Ecological Applications, issue.2, pp.55-70, 1992. ,
Mapping vegetation in Yellowstone National Park using spectral feature analysis of AVIRIS data, Remote Sensing of Environment, issue.84, pp.437-456, 2003. ,
Patterns and mechanisms of plant diversity in forested ecosystems: implications for forest management, Ecology Application, issue.5, pp.969-977, 1995. ,
Maximizing plant species inventory efficiency by means of remotely sensed spectral distances, Global Ecology and Biogeography, issue.14, pp.431-437, 2005. ,
How are diversity and productivity related? In Species Diversity in Ecological Communities. Historical and Geographical Perspectives, pp.52-65, 1993. ,
Understory herb assemblages 25 and 60 years after clearcutting of a northern hardwood forest, Biological Conservation, issue.90, pp.203-215, 1999. ,
Preliminary measurements of spectral signatures of tropical and temperate plants in the thermal infrared, Proceeding of the 21 st International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, pp.131-143, 1987. ,
Ecological diversity of birds in relation to the structure of urban green space, Landscape and Urban Planning, issue.77, pp.39-53, 2006. ,
Operationalizing biodiversity for conservation planning, Journal of Biosciences, issue.27, pp.299-308, 2002. ,
Forest diversity and function. Temperate and boreal systems, Ecological studies, p.400, 2005. ,
Application des technologies modernes dans les aménagements forestiers, Bulletin de la Société Naturalistes Luxembourgeois, issue.88, pp.137-143, 1988. ,
The effects of harvest-created gaps on plant species diversity, composition, and abundance in a Maine oak-pine forest, Forest Ecology Management, issue.176, pp.543-561, 2003. ,
The mathematical theory of communication, p.100, 1962. ,
Biodiversity values and measures applied to forest management, Journal of Sustainable forestry, issue.5, pp.235-248, 1997. ,
Effect of landscape characteristics on land-cover class accuracy, Remote Sensing of Environment, issue.84, pp.342-349, 2003. ,
Dominant species maintain ecosystem function with non-random species loss, Ecology Letters, issue.6, pp.509-517, 2003. ,
Biological diversity in forest ecosystems. SAF Publication 91-03. Society of American Foresters, 1991. ,
Gap characteristics and vegetation response in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest, Ecology, issue.70, pp.543-545, 1989. ,
Dynamic forest mosaics, In Maintaining Biodiversity in Forest Ecosystems, p.698, 1999. ,
Landscape analysis of plant diversity, Landscape Ecology, issue.12, pp.155-170, 1997. ,
A remote sensing research agenda for mapping and monitoring biodiversity, International journal of remote sensing, issue.14, pp.1839-1860, 1993. ,
A method to estimate tree trunk diameter and its application to discriminate Java-Indonesia tropical forests, International Journal of Remote Sensing, issue.22, pp.177-183, 2001. ,
Detecting floristic structure and pattern across topographic and moisture gradients in a mixed species Central African forest using IKONOS and Landsat-7 ETM+ images, International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, issue.4, pp.255-270, 2003. ,
Using knn and discriminant analyses to classify rain forest types in a Landsat TM image over northern Costa Rica, Remote Sensing of Environment, issue.112, pp.2485-2494, 2008. ,
Productivity and sustainability influenced by biodiversity in grassland ecosystems, Nature, issue.379, pp.718-720, 1996. ,
Image classification of a northern peatland complex using spectral and plant community data, Remote Sensing of Environment, issue.84, pp.83-99, 2002. ,
Simultaneous use of Landsat-TM and IRS-1C Wifs data in estimating large area tree stem volume and aboveground biomass, Remote Sensing of Environment, issue.82, pp.156-171, 2002. ,
Effects of silvicultural treatments on forest biodiversity indicators in the Mediterranean, Forest Ecology and Management, issue.255, pp.3322-3330, 2008. ,
Agricultural crop classification using SAR tone and texture statistics, Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, issue.26, pp.18-29, 2000. ,
A contextual classification scheme based on MRF model with improved parameter estimation and multiscale fuzzy line process, Remote Sensing of Environment, issue.97, pp.127-136, 2005. ,
Satellite remote sensing of primary production, International Journal of Remote Sensing, issue.7, pp.1133-1135, 1986. ,
Remote sensing for biodiversity science and conservation, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, issue.18, pp.306-314, 2003. ,
Landscape ecology in theory and practice: pattern and process, p.194, 2001. ,
Variation in the demography of a woodland understory herb (Primula vulgaris) along the forest regeneration cycle : projection matrix analysis, Journal Ecology, issue.86, pp.545-562, 1998. ,
Economics of conservation biology: a critical review, Environmental Science & Policy, vol.1, issue.1, pp.13-25, 1998. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S1462-9011(98)00003-3
Biodiversité, développement durable et Géographie, Annales des Mines, issue.44, pp.76-83, 2006. ,
Ecosystem: Balancing Science and Management, 1996. ,
Anew statistical approach for texture analysis, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote sensing, vol.56, issue.1, pp.61-66, 1990. ,
MODIS enhanced vegetation index predicts tree species richness across forested ecoregions in the contiguous U, S.A. Remote Sensing of Environment, issue.103, pp.208-226, 2006. ,
Prediction of biodiversity: Regression of lichen species richness on remote sensing data, Community Ecology, issue.5, pp.121-134, 2004. ,
A hierarchical approach to forestry planning, Forest Science, issue.37, pp.439-460, 1991. ,
Forest mapping at Lassen Volcanic National Park, California, using Landsat TM data and a Geographical Information System, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, issue.61, pp.299-305, 1995. ,
Regeneration from seed of six tree species in the interior cedarhemlock forests of British Columbia as affected by substrate and canopy gap position, Canadian journal of forest research, issue.28, pp.1352-1370, 1998. ,
Mapping forest vegetation using Landsat TM imagery and a forest reflectance model, pp.240-254, 1994. ,
Evaluation of the potential for providing secondary labels in vegetation maps, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, issue.62, pp.393-399, 1996. ,
Vegetation mapping and monitoring, Environmental Modelling with GIS and Remote Sensing, pp.97-120, 2002. ,
Effects of changing spatial scale on the results of statistical analysis with landscape data: A case study, Geographic Information Sciences, issue.3, pp.30-41, 1997. ,
Comparative analyses of the scaling diversity index and its applicability, International Journal of Remote Sensing, issue.28, pp.1611-1623, 2007. ,
An introduction to the theory of statistics, p.193, 1950. ,
Fractal analysis of foliage distribution in loblolly pine crowns, Canadian journal of forest research, vol.28, issue.1, pp.106-114, 1998. ,
A new method for modelling the heterogeneity of forest structure, Forest Ecology and Management, issue.129, pp.75-87, 2000. ,
1: Frédéric BERTRAND & Brice ANSELME, les classifications non supervisées. L3-Licence Géographie ,
Cours de télédétection ?Dep. De géographie, p.179, 2004. ,
Cartes de végétation obtenues par classification automatique Carte 4. Classification non supervisée, à partir d'une image SPOT 5, résolution 2,5 m, p.180, 2004. ,
Données utilisées pour la validation de la carte de végétation Carte 9 ,