?????t ??s???s? t??? ?r? ?? ??s???s ??t? ?? ?ss????t?? ???????? ??s?????t?? ? ??rt???? ??s???s? t??? ?r? ??????t t? ,
??? ?s?rs ?s????? ??s?????? s???r?? s?q?????s ?t t?? s??? t???? ,
? s?????t t?? ?? ??s???s? ?t??r ??t???s ???????? t?? ??t??s?t??s ?? t?? ?r??? ?s??? ???st?r??? t?????q??s t? ???ss??? t?? ?r??? ?????s? ???st?r??? ??t???s tr? t? s???r?t? t?? ??t? ????ts ??t? ????r??t ??????????s ???st?rs? ??? ?? t??s? ??t???s ?s t?? ??? t??t ??s ???? ?????? ?s?? ??r t?? s?????t?t??? ?? ????t?? ?r???s ?P??? ???, ????) ? log(???? + P?) ???r?? ??t? t?r?? ?????r r??r?ss? ,
??r? ??t? t??s? ?? ?t??r ??t???s? ??? ?? ??r???t?rs ?r? ?????s s?t t? t???r ??????t ?????s? ??t t??r? ?r? ??r?? ?t???s ?? ??s? ,
???s? ??? s?????t?t??? ?s r??r?s??t?? ?? t?? ???t?r V? ???r? t?? ????? ?? t?? ????r? ??r????? V p ??? ?? ??t??r ?????t ?r ?????rV) t??t ???????s s??t??? ??? ??t??s?t? ????r??? t??? ?s E(V) = ? · p?P R p (V p ) + {p,q}?N Vp =Vq B {p,q} ? ????? ??? r??????? t?r? R p (·) ???r?ss?s ??? t?? ????? p ?ts t?? ????? ?????s ?? t?? ?????t ??? ?????r????? ?? t?? ?r???? t??s r???t??? ?s ???r?ss?? ?? t?? ,
? ??s ?é? s???s? ?t s??t ?t???sés ????? ??s?r? ???s ??s ét???s ?????q??s????? ??s ?és???s ?st ??? tâ??? ??????r??t? ?t ???t ??s ??r??????tés ??tr?? ?t ??t?r?????rt s??t ?r????s? ???s ????s ?é??????é ??? ???î?? ?? tr??t????t ??t???t?q?? ???r ?? s?????t?? t??? ??s ??s???s ??????s ,