V. Ahmadjian, The lichen symbiosis, 1993.

T. Ahti, L. Hamet-ahti, and J. Jalas, Vegetation zones and their sections in northwestern Europe, Annales Botanici Fennici, vol.5, issue.3, pp.168-211, 1968.

T. Ahti and J. Oksanen, Epigeic lichen communities of taiga and tundra regions, Vegetatio, vol.63, issue.2, pp.39-70, 1990.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00045134

H. Åström, Seedling establishment and growth of direct seeded and planted Scots pine seedlings 2-5 years after soil scarification with disc trencher or Huminmix-technique within Holmen Skog district Norsjö, 2006.

R. Axelsson, Forest policy, continuous tree cover forest and uneven-aged forest management in Sweden's boreal forest, 2008.

R. H. Bailey, Ecological aspects of dispersal and establishment in lichens, Lichenology: Progress and Problems, pp.215-247, 1976.

E. A. Barashkova, Accelerated restoration of fodder lichen resources with the aid of growth stimulators, Problems of the North, vol.7, pp.149-154, 1964.

N. G. Bayfield, U. H. Urquhart, and S. M. Cooper, Susceptibility of Four Species of Cladonia to Disturbance by Trampling in the Cairngorm Mountains, Scotland, The Journal of Applied Ecology, vol.18, issue.1, pp.303-310, 1981.
DOI : 10.2307/2402497

H. Beach, Reindeer-herd management in transition. The case of Tuorpon saameby in northern Sweden, Uppsala Studies in Cultural anthropology, vol.3, 1981.

A. Berg, L. Östlund, J. Moen, and J. Olofsson, A century of logging and forestry in a reindeer herding area in northern Sweden, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.256, issue.5, pp.1009-1020, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.003

A. T. Bergerud and M. J. Nolan, Food Habits of Hand-Reared Caribou Rangifer tarandus L. in Newfoundland, Oikos, vol.21, issue.2, pp.348-350, 1970.
DOI : 10.2307/3543694

F. Berkes, Sacred Ecology: Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Resource Management, 1999.

I. Bjørklund, S??mi Reindeer Pastoralism as an Indigenous Resource Management System in Northern Norway: A Contribution to the Common Property Debate, Development and Change, vol.14, issue.1, pp.75-86, 1990.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-7660.1990.tb00368.x

O. B. Blum, Water relations (eds) The lichens, pp.381-400, 1973.

S. Boudreau and S. Payette, Caribou-induced changes in species dominance of lichen woodlands: an analysis ofplant remains, American Journal of Botany, vol.91, issue.3, pp.422-429, 2004.
DOI : 10.3732/ajb.91.3.422

S. Boudreau and S. Payette, growing under a field experimental drought, ??coscience, vol.11, issue.3, pp.347-355, 2004.
DOI : 10.1080/11956860.2004.11682842

S. Bråkenhielm and H. Persson, Vegetation dynamics in developing Scots pine stands in central Sweden, Ecological Bulletins, vol.32, pp.139-152, 1980.

S. N. Christensen, Convention on Biological Diversity Available at: http://www.cbd The ability of selected epigeic lichens to colonize bare sand, CBD Graphis Scripta, vol.2, pp.60-68, 1988.

W. B. Collins and T. S. Smith, Effects of Wind-Hardened Snow on Foraging by Reindeer (<i>Rangifer Tarandus</i>), ARCTIC, vol.44, issue.3, pp.217-222, 1991.
DOI : 10.14430/arctic1541

D. S. Coxson and J. Marsh, Lichen chronosequences (postfire and postharvest) in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forests of northern interior British Colombia, Canadian Journal of Botany, vol.79, issue.12, pp.1449-1464, 2001.

D. S. Coxson and J. A. Wilson, Carbon gain in Cladina mitis mixed feather moss mats in a sub-alpine spruce-fir forest: the role of soil respiratory carbon dioxide release, Symbiosis, vol.37, pp.307-321, 2004.

P. D. Crittenden, Ecological Significance of Necromass Production In Mat-Forming Lichens, The Lichenologist, vol.23, issue.03, pp.323-331, 1991.
DOI : 10.1017/S0024282991000464

P. D. Crittenden, Aspects of the ecology of mat-forming lichens, Rangifer, vol.20, issue.2-3, pp.127-139, 2000.
DOI : 10.7557/2.20.2-3.1508

P. D. Crittenden, I. Katucka, and E. Oliver, Does nitrogen supply limit the growth of lichens?, Cryptogamic Botany, vol.4, pp.143-155, 1994.

M. De-chantal, K. Leinonen, H. Ilvesniemi, and C. J. Westman, Effect of site preparation on soil properties of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies seedlings sown at different dates, pp.159-173, 2004.

M. Den-herder, M. Kytöviita, and P. Niemelä, Growth of reindeer lichens and effects of reindeer grazing on ground cover vegetation in a Scots pine forest and a subarctic heathland in Finnish Lapland, Ecography, vol.87, issue.suppl., pp.3-12, 2003.
DOI : 10.1034/j.1600-0587.2003.03211.x

H. Dettki and P. Esseen, Epiphytic macrolichens in managed and natural forest landscapes: a comparison at two spatial scales, Ecography, vol.12, issue.6, pp.613-624, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-1127(96)03908-4

H. Dietz and T. Steinlein, Determination of plant species cover by means of image analysis, Journal of Vegetation Science, vol.48, issue.1, pp.131-136, 1996.
DOI : 10.2307/3236426

E. Durkheim and M. Mauss, De quelques formes de classification ? Contribution à l'étude des représentations collectives, Année sociologique, vol.6, pp.1-72, 1901.
DOI : 10.1522/cla.due.deq

F. Ebeling, Nordsvenska skogstyper, Sveriges Skogsvårdsförbunds Tidskrift, Häfte, vol.4, pp.340-381, 1978.

S. M. Eilertsen, I. Schj, G. M. Dryden, and S. D. Mathiesen, High protein pastures in spring - effects on body composition in reindeer, Rangifer, vol.21, issue.1, pp.13-19, 2001.
DOI : 10.7557/2.21.1.1523

C. J. Ellis, P. D. Crittenden, and C. M. Scrimgeour, Soil as a potential source of nitrogen for mat-forming lichens, Canadian Journal of Botany, vol.82, issue.1, pp.145-149, 2004.
DOI : 10.1139/b03-144

C. Erefur, Regeneration under shelterwood: control of environmental factors, 2007.

O. Eriksson, Silvicultural practices and reindeer grazing in northern Sweden, Ecological Bulletins, vol.21, pp.107-120, 1976.

O. Eriksson, Snöförhållandenas inverkan på renbetningen, Meddelanden från Växtbiologiska Institutionen, 1976.

O. Eriksson and T. Raunistola, Impact of soil scarification on reindeer pastures, Rangifer, vol.10, issue.3, pp.99-106, 1990.
DOI : 10.7557/2.10.3.837

O. Eriksson and T. Raunistola, Impact of forest fertilizers on winter pastures of semi-domesticated reindeer, Rangifer, vol.13, issue.5, pp.203-214, 1993.
DOI : 10.7557/2.13.4.1116

P. Esseen and K. Renhorn, Edge Effects on an Epiphytic Lichen in Fragmented Forests, Conservation Biology, vol.23, issue.suppl. 1, pp.1307-1317, 1998.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1523-1739.1998.97346.x

P. Esseen, K. Renhorn, and R. B. Pettersson, Epiphytic Lichen Biomass in Managed and Old-Growth Boreal Forests: Effect of Branch Quality, Ecological Applications, vol.6, issue.1, pp.228-238, 1996.
DOI : 10.2307/2269566

M. E. Fernandez-gimenez, THE ROLE OF MONGOLIAN NOMADIC PASTORALISTS' ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE IN RANGELAND MANAGEMENT, Ecological Applications, vol.10, issue.5, pp.1318-1326, 2000.
DOI : 10.2307/3899492

B. Fink, The Rate of Growth and Ecesis in Lichens, Mycologia, vol.9, issue.3, pp.138-158, 1917.
DOI : 10.2307/3753331

S. Foale, The intersection of scientific and indigenous ecological knowledge in coastal Melanesia: implications for contemporary marine resource management, International Social Science Journal, vol.30, issue.3, pp.129-137, 2006.
DOI : 10.1071/WR9830185

D. R. Foster, Vegetation Development Following Fire in Picea Mariana (Black Spruce)- Pleurozium Forests of South-Eastern Labrador, Canada, The Journal of Ecology, vol.73, issue.2, pp.517-534, 1985.
DOI : 10.2307/2260491

C. Fries, O. Johansson, B. Pettersson, and P. Simonsson, Silvicultural models to maintain and restore natural stand structures in Swedish boreal forests, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.94, issue.1-3, pp.1-3, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00003-0

E. Gaare, A hypothesis to explain lichen-Rangifer dynamic relationships, Rangifer, vol.17, issue.1, pp.3-7, 1997.
DOI : 10.7557/2.17.1.377

E. Gaare, I. Bruteig, and B. Wilmann, Kan vi dyrke lav? Reindriftsnytt 1, pp.42-47, 2003.

E. Gaare and B. Wilmann, Regenereringsforsøk med reinbeitelav [A trial to regenerate reindeer lichen, Minirapport 22. Norwegian Institute for Nature Research ? NINA, 1998.

G. Gaio-oliveira, J. Moen, Ö. Danell, and K. Palmqvist, Effect of simulated reindeer grazing on the re-growth capacity of mat-forming lichens, Basic and Applied Ecology, vol.7, issue.2, pp.109-121, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.baae.2005.05.007

O. Galløe, Natural history of the Danish lichens, IX. E, 1954.

Y. Gauslaa and K. A. Solhaug, The significance of thallus size for the water economy of the cyanobacterial old-forest lichen Degelia plumbea, Oecologia, vol.116, issue.1-2, pp.76-84, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/s004420050565

D. M. Gray and D. H. Male, Handbook of snow. Principles, processes, management and use, 1981.

K. Gustavsson, Rennäringen. En presentation för skogsfolk, 1989.

B. Hägglund and J. Lundmark, Bonitering, Del 3. Markvegetationstyper ? Skogsmarkflora, 1982.

T. Hahn, Property rights, ethics and conflict resolution, 2000.

M. Hannerz and B. Hånell, Effects on the flora in Norway spruce forests following clearcutting and shelterwood cutting, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.90, issue.1, pp.29-49, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-1127(96)03858-3

T. M. Heggberget, E. Gaare, and J. P. Ball, Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and climate change: Importance of winter forage, Rangifer, vol.22, issue.1, pp.13-31, 2002.
DOI : 10.7557/2.22.1.388

T. Heinken, Dispersal Patterns of Terricolous Lichens by Thallus Fragments, The Lichenologist, vol.31, issue.06, pp.603-612, 1999.
DOI : 10.1017/S0024282999000791

T. Helle, Foraging behaviour of the semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L.) in relation to snow in Finnish Lapland, Reports from the Kevo Subarctic Research Station, vol.19, pp.35-47, 1984.

T. Helle and J. Aspi, Effects of Winter Grazing by Reindeer on Vegetation, Oikos, vol.40, issue.3, pp.337-343, 1983.
DOI : 10.2307/3544306

T. Helle, J. Aspi, and S. Kilpelä, The effects of stand characteristics on reindeer lichens and range use by semi-domesticated reindeer, Rangifer, vol.10, issue.3, pp.107-114, 1990.
DOI : 10.7557/2.10.3.839

T. Helle, J. Aspi, and L. Tarvainen, The growth rate of Cladonia rangiferina and C. mitis in relation to forest characteristics in northeastern Finland, Rangifer, vol.3, issue.2, pp.2-5, 1983.
DOI : 10.7557/2.3.2.471

T. Helle and I. Kojola, Demographics in an alpine reindeer herd: effects of density and winter weather, Ecography, vol.22, issue.2, pp.221-230, 2008.
DOI : 10.3354/cr032119

G. H. Henry and A. Gunn, Recovery of Tundra Vegetation after Overgrazing by Caribou in Arctic Canada, ARCTIC, vol.44, issue.1, pp.38-42, 1991.
DOI : 10.14430/arctic1516

M. Hille and J. Den-ouden, Improved recruitment and early growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings after fire and soil scarification, European Journal of Forest Research, vol.123, issue.3, pp.213-218, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s10342-004-0036-4

H. Holien, Influence of Site and Stand Factors on the Distribution of Crustose Lichens Of The Caliciales in a Suboceanic Spruce Forest Area in Central Norway, The Lichenologist, vol.28, issue.04, pp.315-330, 1996.
DOI : 10.1017/S0024282996000424

R. Honegger, Morphogenesis, Lichen Biology. Cambridge, pp.65-87, 1996.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511790478.006

G. Hörnberg, L. Östlund, O. Zackrisson, and I. Bergman, forests in northern Sweden, Journal of Ecology, vol.5, issue.1, pp.800-814, 1999.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2745.1999.00399.x

G. Hörnberg, O. Zackrisson, U. Segerström, B. W. Svensson, M. Ohlson et al., Boreal swamp forests ? Biodiversity " hotspots " in an impoverished forest landscape, BioScience, vol.48, issue.10, pp.795-802, 1998.

E. S. Hunn, D. R. Johnson, P. N. Russel, and T. F. Thornton, Huna Tlingit Traditional Environmental Knowledge, Conservation, and the Management of a ???Wilderness??? Park, Current Anthropology, vol.44, issue.S5, pp.79-103, 2003.
DOI : 10.1086/377666

M. Hyvärinen and P. D. Crittenden, Growth of the cushion-forming lichen, Cladonia portentosa, at nitrogen-polluted and unpolluted heathland sites, Environmental and Experimental Botany, vol.40, issue.1, pp.67-76, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0098-8472(98)00022-7

L. Jaakkola, T. Helle, J. Soppela, M. Kuitunen, and M. Yrjönen, Effects of forest characteristics on the abundance of alectorioid lichens in northern Finland, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, vol.36, issue.11, pp.2955-2965, 2006.
DOI : 10.1139/x06-178

N. Jernsletten, Sámi traditional terminology: professional terms concerning salmon, reindeer and snow Sami culture in a new era. The Norwegian Sami experience, pp.86-108, 1997.

M. Johansson, The influence of soil scarification on the turn???over rate of slash needles and nutrient release, Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, vol.61, issue.1-4, pp.170-179, 1994.
DOI : 10.2307/1936687

A. V. Jonsson, J. Moen, and K. Palmqvist, Predicting lichen hydration using biophysical models, Oecologia, vol.148, issue.2, pp.259-273, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s00442-008-0990-5

J. ?abrajic and A. V. , Modeling lichen performance in relation to climate : scaling from thalli to landscapes. Doctoral thesis, 2009.

L. Kardell, Occurrence and production of bilberry, lingonberry and raspberry in Sweden's forests, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.2, pp.285-298, 1980.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-1127(79)90055-0

L. Kardell and L. Eriksson, Contortatall och renbete ? studier inom Malå skogssamebys marker, 1992.

L. Kärenlampi, Studies on the relative growth rate of some fruticose lichens, Reports from the Kevo Subarctic Research Station, vol.7, pp.33-39, 1971.

C. Karlsson, U. Sikström, G. Örlander, M. Hannerz, and B. Hånell, Naturlig föryngring av tall och gran [Natural regeneration of pine and spruce]. Skogsskötselserien nr 4, 2009.

M. Kauppi, The Exploitation of Cladonia Stellaris In Finland, The Lichenologist, vol.11, issue.01, pp.85-89, 1979.
DOI : 10.1017/S0024282979000104

M. Kauppi, The gathering of lichens as a trade, Aquilo, Serie Botanica, vol.31, pp.89-91, 1993.

O. Kellner and M. Mårshagen, Effects of irrigation and fertilization on the ground vegetation in a 130-year-old stand of Scots pine, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, vol.21, issue.5, pp.733-738, 1991.
DOI : 10.1139/x91-104

K. A. Kershaw, Studies on lichen-dominated systems. XX. An examination of some aspects of the northern boreal lichen woodlands in Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany, vol.55, issue.4, pp.393-410, 1977.
DOI : 10.1139/b77-050

K. A. Kershaw and G. F. Field, mat, Canadian Journal of Botany, vol.53, issue.22, pp.2614-2620, 1975.
DOI : 10.1139/b75-289

H. Kitti, N. Gunslay, and B. C. Forbes, Defining the Quality of Reindeer Pastures: The Perspectives of S??mi Reindeer Herders, Europe. Ecological Studies, vol.184, pp.142-165, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-31392-3_8

I. Kojola, T. Helle, M. Niskanen, and P. Aikio, Effects of lichen biomass on winter diet, body mass and reproduction of semi-domesticated reindeer Rangifer tarandus in Finland, Wildlife Biology, vol.1, issue.1, pp.33-38, 1995.

K. Krekula, Technical possibilities for artificial dispersal of reindeer lichen. Master thesis. Department of Forest Resource Management 165, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007.

E. Kubin and L. Kemppainen, Effect of soil preparation of boreal spruce forest on air and soil temperature conditions in forest regeneration areas, Acta Forestalia Fennica, vol.0, issue.244, pp.1-56, 1994.
DOI : 10.14214/aff.7506

J. Kumpula and A. Colpaert, Snow conditions and usability value of pastureland for semidomesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in northern boreal forest area, Rangifer, vol.27, issue.1, pp.25-39, 2007.

J. Kumpula, A. Colpaert, and M. Nieminen, Reproduction and productivity of semidomesticated reindeer in northern Finland, Canadian Journal of Zoology, vol.76, issue.2, pp.269-277, 1998.
DOI : 10.1139/z97-191

J. Kumpula, A. Colpaert, and M. Nieminen, Productivity factors of the Finnish semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer t.tarandus) stock during the 1990s, Rangifer, vol.22, issue.1, pp.3-12, 2002.
DOI : 10.7557/2.22.1.387

M. Kytöviita and P. D. Crittenden, Seasonal variation in growth rate in Stereocaulon paschale, The Lichenologist, vol.34, issue.6, pp.533-537, 2002.
DOI : 10.1006/lich.2002.0422

D. W. Larson and K. A. Kershaw, Studies on lichen-dominated systems. XVIII. Morphological control of evaporation in lichens, Botany, vol.54, issue.17, pp.2061-2073, 1976.
DOI : 10.1139/b76-220

C. Lévi-strauss, La Pensée Sauvage. Paris, Plon. [English translation (1966) The Savage Mind, 1962.

M. Lidén and O. Hilmo, Population Characteristics of the Suboceanic Lichen Platismatia norvegica in Core and Fringe Habitats: Relations to Macroclimate, Substrate, and Proximity to Streams, The Bryologist, vol.108, issue.4, pp.506-517, 2005.
DOI : 10.1639/0007-2745(2005)108[0506:PCOTSL]2.0.CO;2

M. Lidén, M. Pettersson, U. Bergsten, and T. Lundmark, Artificial dispersal of endangered epiphytic lichens: a tool for conservation in boreal forest landscapes, Biological Conservation, vol.118, issue.4, pp.431-432, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biocon.2003.09.026

G. A. Llano, Economic uses of lichens, Economic Botany, vol.26, issue.1, pp.15-45, 1948.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02907917

T. Lundmark, H. Odin, and V. Söderström, Some studies of the soil temperature in forests near Vindeln. Department of Reforestation, 1978.

B. Lynge, Studies on the lichen flora of Norway, 1921.

M. Fauria, M. Helle, T. Niva, A. Posio, H. Timonen et al., Removal of the lichen mat by reindeer enhances tree growth in a northern Scots pine forest, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, vol.38, issue.12, pp.2981-2993, 2008.
DOI : 10.1139/X08-135

E. Maikawa and K. A. Kershaw, Studies on lichen-dominated systems. XIX. Postfire recovery sequence of black spruce lichen woodland in Abitau lake region, NWT, Canadian Journal of Botany, vol.54, issue.23, pp.2979-2687, 1976.

S. Mattsson, Effects of site preparation on stem growth and clear wood properties in boreal Pinus sylvestris and Pinus contorta, 2002.

P. E. Mellander, K. Bishop, and T. Lundmark, The influence of soil temperature on transpiration: a plot scale manipulation in a young Scots pine stand, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.195, issue.1-2, pp.15-28, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.02.051

R. Moberg and I. Holmåsen, Lavar: En fälthandbok, 2000.

J. Moen, Climate Change: Effects on the Ecological Basis for Reindeer Husbandry in Sweden, AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment, vol.37, issue.4, pp.304-311, 2008.
DOI : 10.1579/0044-7447(2008)37[304:CCEOTE]2.0.CO;2

J. Moen, Ö. Danell, and R. Holt, Non-destructive estimation of lichen biomass, Rangifer, vol.27, issue.1, pp.41-46, 2007.
DOI : 10.7557/2.27.1.172

C. Morneau and S. Payette, Postfire lichen???spruce woodland recovery at the limit of the boreal forest in northern Quebec, Canadian Journal of Botany, vol.67, issue.9, pp.2270-2782, 1989.
DOI : 10.1139/b89-357

L. Müller-wille, D. Heinrich, V. Lehtola, P. Aikio, Y. Konstatinov et al., Dynamics in Human-Reindeer Relations: Reflections on Prehistoric, Historic and Contemporary Practices in Northernmost Europe, Europe. Ecological Studies, vol.184, pp.27-46, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-31392-3_3

D. Nakashima and M. Roué, Indigenous knowledge, peoples and sustainable practice Encyclopedia of global environmental change, pp.314-324, 2002.

T. H. Nash, T. J. Moser, and S. O. Link, Nonrandom variation of gas exchange within arctic lichens, Canadian Journal of Botany, vol.58, issue.10, pp.1181-1186, 1980.
DOI : 10.1139/b80-147

K. Nielsen and A. Nesheim, Lappisk (samisk) ordbok ? Lapp dictionary, 1932.

U. Nilsson, P. Gemmel, U. Johansson, M. Karlsson, and T. Welander, Natural regeneration of Norway spruce, Scots pine and birch under Norway spruce shelterwoods of varying densities on a mesic-dry site in southern Sweden, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.161, issue.1-3, pp.1-3, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00497-2

U. Nilsson and G. Örlander, Vegetation management on grass-dominated clearcuts planted with Norway spruce in southern Sweden, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, vol.29, issue.7, pp.1015-1026, 1999.
DOI : 10.1139/x99-071

M. Nilsson and D. A. Wardle, Understory vegetation as a forest ecosystem driver: evidence from the northern Swedish boreal forest, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, vol.3, issue.8, pp.421-428, 2005.
DOI : 10.1890/1540-9295(2005)003[0421:UVAAFE]2.0.CO;2

K. Nissen, Lapponian lichen names Appendix in: B. Lynge. Studies on the lichen flora of Norway, Videnskabsselskapets Skrifter, pp.238-247, 1921.

J. Oksanen, Succession, dominance and diversity in lichen-rich pine forest vegetation in Finland, Ecography, vol.51, issue.2, pp.261-266, 1986.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.es.05.110174.001441

G. Oleskog and K. Sahlén, Effects of Seedbed Substrate on Moisture Conditions and Germination of Pinus sylvestris Seeds in a Clearcut, Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, vol.15, issue.2, pp.225-236, 2000.
DOI : 10.1080/028275800750015046

G. Örlander and U. Nilsson, Effect of Reforestation Methods on Pine Weevil (Hylobius abietis) Damage and Seedling Survival, Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, vol.14, issue.4, pp.341-354, 1999.
DOI : 10.1080/02827589950152665

N. Oskal, On nature and reindeer luck, Rangifer, vol.20, issue.2-3, pp.175-180, 1999.
DOI : 10.7557/2.20.2-3.1511

L. Östlund, Exploitation and structural changes in the north Swedish boreal forest 1800- 1992. Doctoral thesis, Dissertations in Forest Vegetation Ecology 4. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 1993.

L. Östlund and S. Roturier, Forestry historical studies in the province of Västerbotten, northern Sweden: a review of Lars Tirén, Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 1937.

L. Östlund, O. Zackrisson, and A. Axelsson, The history and transformation of a Scandinavian boreal forest landscape since the 19th century, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, vol.27, issue.8, pp.1198-1206, 1997.
DOI : 10.1139/x97-070

M. Ottosson-löfvenius, M. Kluge, and T. Lundmark, Snow and soil frost depth in two types of shelterwood and a clear???cut area, Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, vol.18, issue.1, pp.54-63, 2003.
DOI : 10.1080/02827581.2003.10383138

K. Palmqvist and B. Sundberg, Light use efficiency of dry matter gain in five macro-lichens: relative impact of microclimate conditions and species-specific traits, Plant, Cell and Environment, vol.24, issue.1, pp.1-14, 2000.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00295.x

G. Péch, Dew on reindeer lichen, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, vol.21, issue.9, pp.1415-1418, 1991.
DOI : 10.1139/x91-198

A. N. Polezhaev and A. N. Berkutenko, Restoration of forage storage in ecosystems of reinder ranges, p.54, 2003.

A. Pommerening and S. T. Murphy, A review of the history, definitions and methods of continuous cover forestry with special attention to afforestation and restocking, Forestry, vol.77, issue.1, pp.27-44, 2004.
DOI : 10.1093/forestry/77.1.27

D. A. Posey, Cultural and Spiritual Values of Biodiversity, 1999.
DOI : 10.3362/9781780445434

W. O. Pruitt, A numerical " Snow Index'' for reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) winter ecology (Mammalia, Cervidae), Annales Zoologici Fennici, vol.16, pp.271-280, 1979.

J. Å. Riseth, S??mi reindeer herd managers: why do they stay in a low???profit business?, British Food Journal, vol.108, issue.7, pp.541-559, 2006.
DOI : 10.1108/00070700610676361

I. Ruong, Jåhkåkaska sameby. Särtryck ur Svenska Landsmål och Svenskt Folkliv, pp.41-158, 1964.

H. Ruotsala, In the reindeer forest and on the tundra. Modern reindeer management and the meaning of ecological knowledge, Pro Ethnologia, vol.18, pp.23-48, 2004.

Y. Ryd, Snö. En renskötare berättar, 2001.

C. Moen, J. Widmark, C. Danell, and Ö. , Rennäring. Statistik Available at: http://www.sametinget.se Sandström Progressing toward co-management through collaborative learning: forestry and reindeer husbandry in dialogue, Sametinget International Journal of Biodiversity Science and Management, vol.2, pp.326-333, 2006.

P. Sandström, T. G. Pahlén, L. Edenius, H. Tømmervik, O. Hagner et al., Conflict Resolution by Participatory Management: Remote Sensing and GIS as Tools for Communicating Land-use Needs for Reindeer Herding in Northern Sweden, AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment, vol.32, issue.8, pp.557-567, 2003.
DOI : 10.1579/0044-7447-32.8.557

C. Sandström and C. Widmark, Stakeholders' perceptions of consultations as tools for co-management ??? A case study of the forestry and reindeer herding sectors in northern Sweden, Forest Policy and Economics, vol.10, issue.1-2, pp.25-35, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.forpol.2007.02.001

R. Santesson, R. Moberg, A. Nordin, T. Tønsberg, and O. Vitikainen, Lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi of Fennoscandia, 2004.

G. W. Scotter, GROWTH RATES OF CLADONIA ALPESTRIS, C. MITIS, AND C. RANGIFERINA IN THE TALTSON RIVER REGION, N.W.T., Canadian Journal of Botany, vol.41, issue.8, pp.1199-1202, 1963.
DOI : 10.1139/b63-100

F. Skuncke, Renbeten och deras gradering, 1958.

O. A. Steen, M. J. Waterhouse, H. M. Armleder, and N. M. Daintith, Natural regeneration of lodgepole pine following partial harvesting on northern caribou winter range in westcentral British Columbia, BC Journal of Ecosystems and Management, vol.8, issue.1, pp.61-74, 2007.

I. Steijlen, M. Nilsson, and O. Zackrisson, Seed regeneration of Scots pine in boreal forest stands dominated by lichen and feather moss, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, vol.25, issue.5, pp.713-723, 1995.
DOI : 10.1139/x95-079

S. Stenroos, J. Hyvönen, L. Myllys, A. Thell, and T. Ahti, Phylogeny of the Genus Cladonia s.lat. (Cladoniaceae, Ascomycetes) Inferred from Molecular, Morphological, and Chemical Data, Cladistics, vol.28, issue.3, pp.237-278, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/0748-3007(95)90020-9

P. V. Storeheier, B. E. Oort, M. A. Sundset, and S. D. Mathiesen, Food intake of reindeer in winter, The Journal of Agricultural Science, vol.141, issue.1, pp.93-101, 2003.
DOI : 10.1017/S002185960300337X

M. Strand, M. Ottosson-löfvenius, U. Bergsten, T. Lundmark, and O. Rosvall, Height growth of planted conifer seedlings in relation to solar radiation and position in Scots pine shelterwood, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.224, issue.3, pp.258-265, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.12.038

R. Sulyma and D. S. Coxson, Microsite Displacement of Terrestrial Lichens by Feather Moss Mats in Late Seral Pine-Lichen Woodlands of North-central British Columbia, The Bryologist, vol.104, issue.4, pp.505-516, 2001.
DOI : 10.1639/0007-2745(2001)104[0505:MDOTLB]2.0.CO;2

B. Sundberg, A. Ekblad, T. Nasholm, and K. Palmqvist, Lichen respiration in relation to active time, temperature, nitrogen and ergosterol concentrations, Functional Ecology, vol.13, issue.1, pp.119-125, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/0098-8472(84)90004-2

M. Sundén, Re-establishment rate of reindeer lichen (Cladina spp.) after soil scarification in Scots pine-lichen forest types in boreal Sweden, 2003.

M. Svonni, Samisk-Svensk, Svensk-Samisk Ordbok, 1990.

F. Swedish and . Agency, Nationella Skogliga Sektorsmål [National Goals for Forestry Sector]. Skogsstyrelsen, Jönköping Available at: http://www.skogsstyrelsen.se Swedish Forest Agency Statistical Yearbook of Forestry Available at: http://www.skogsstyrelsen.se Studies on lichen-dominated systems. XXIII. The control of seasonal rates of net photosynthesis by moisture, light, and temperature in Cladonia rangiferina, Swedish), pp.1851-1858, 1980.

A. Thun, Classification of reindeer forage by using site index vegetation categorization, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005.

L. Tirén, Skogshistoriska studier i trakten av Degerfors i Västerbotten, Meddelanden från Statens Skogsförsöksanstalt, vol.30, issue.12, pp.67-322, 1937.

I. Vanha-majamaa, M. Salemaa, S. Tuominen, and K. Mikkola, Digitized photographs in vegetation analysis - a comparison of cover estimates, Applied Vegetation Science, vol.11, issue.1, pp.89-94, 2000.
DOI : 10.2307/1478922

E. T. Webb, Survival, persistence, and regeneration of the reindeer lichens, Cladina stellaris, C. rangiferina, and C. mitis following clearcut logging and forest fire in northwestern Ontario, Rangifer, vol.18, issue.5, pp.41-47, 1998.
DOI : 10.7557/2.18.5.1440

U. Wennström, U. Bergsten, and J. Nilsson, Mechanized microsite preparation and direct seeding of Pinus sylvestris in boreal forests ? a way to create desired spacing at low cost, pp.179-198, 1999.

C. Widmark, Forestry and reindeer husbandry in northern Sweden ??? the development of a land use conflict, Rangifer, vol.26, issue.2, pp.43-54, 2008.
DOI : 10.7557/2.26.2.187

H. Winsa and U. Bergsten, using microsite preparation and invigorated seed lots of different quality: 2-year results, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, vol.24, issue.1, pp.77-86, 1994.
DOI : 10.1139/x94-012

O. Zackrisson, Influence of Forest Fires on the North Swedish Boreal Forest, Oikos, vol.29, issue.1, pp.22-32, 1977.
DOI : 10.2307/3543289

O. Zackrisson and M. Nilsson, on seed germination of two boreal tree species, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, vol.22, issue.9, pp.1310-1319, 1992.
DOI : 10.1139/x92-174