J. Abric, Psychologie de la communication: théories et méthodes (éd. 3), 2008.

J. Allwood, D. Traum, and K. Jokinen, Cooperation, dialogue and ethics, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol.53, issue.6, pp.871-914, 2000.
DOI : 10.1006/ijhc.2000.0425

S. Appelle, Haptic perception of form: Activity and stimulus attributes, 1991.

É. Schiff, The psychology of touch, pp.169-188

B. Arnaldi, Applications Industrielles : La plate-forme française de Réalité Virtulelle PERF- RV, Traité de la Réalité Virtuelle, pp.157-205, 2004.

K. Arthur, T. Preston, I. Taylor, R. Brooks-jr, F. Whitton et al., Designing and Building the PIT: a Head-Tracked Stereo Workspace for Two Users, Proccedings of the 2nd International Immersive Projection Technology Workshop, 1998.

C. Bach, Elaboration et validation de Critères Ergonomiques pour les Interactions Homme- Environnements Virtuels, Thèse de doctorat, 2004.

L. Barbé, B. Bayle, and M. De-matheli, Bilateral controllers for teleoperated percutaneous interventions : evaluation and improvements, 2006 American Control Conference, 2006.
DOI : 10.1109/ACC.2006.1657212

J. Bardram, Designing for the Dynamics of Cooperative Work Activities, Proceedings of the 1998 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 1998.

C. Basdogan, S. De, J. Kim, M. Muniyandi, H. Kim et al., Haptic rendering - beyond visual computing - Haptics in minimally invasive surgical simulation and training, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol.24, issue.2, pp.56-64, 2004.
DOI : 10.1109/MCG.2004.1274062

C. Basdogan, C. Ho, M. A. Srinivasan, and M. Slater, An experimental study on the role of touch in shared virtual environments, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, vol.7, issue.4, pp.443-460, 2000.
DOI : 10.1145/365058.365082

P. Bénech, Apprentissage collaboratif et coopératif, 2005.

S. Benford, J. Bowers, L. Fahlen, C. Greenhalgh, J. Mariani et al., Networked Virtual Reality and Cooperative Work, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol.11, issue.3, pp.364-386, 1995.
DOI : 10.1162/pres.1995.4.4.364

S. Benford, C. Greenhalgh, J. Bowers, S. Snowdon, and L. Fahlén, User embodiment in collaborative virtual environments, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, CHI '95, 1995.
DOI : 10.1145/223904.223935

L. Bibin, A. Lécuyer, J. Burkhardt, A. Delbos, and M. Bonnet, SAILOR, Proceedings of the 2008 ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology, VRST '08, pp.97-100, 2008.
DOI : 10.1145/1450579.1450600

F. Biocca, C. Harms, and J. Burgoon, Toward a More Robust Theory and Measure of Social Presence: Review and Suggested Criteria, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol.19, issue.5, pp.456-480, 2003.
DOI : 10.1162/105474698565686

G. G. Birdgemen, T. Aschersleben, &. J. Bachmenn, and . Müsseler, Chapter 1 Separate representations of visual space for perception and visually guided behavior, Éds.) Cognitive Contribution to the Perception of Spatial and Temporal Events, pp.3-18, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0166-4115(99)80003-X

A. Bisseret, S. Sébillotte, and P. Falzon, Techniques pratiques pour l'étude des activités expertes, 1999.

A. Blavier, Impact des images en 2D ou 3D sur les processus cognitifs impliqués dans le traitement visuel et dans le contrôle de l'action : le cas de la chirurgie minimale invasive, Thèse de doctorat, 2006.

A. Bloomfield, Y. Deng, J. Wampler, and P. Rondot, A taxonomy and comparison of haptic actions for disassembly tasks, IEEE Virtual Reality, 2003. Proceedings., pp.225-231, 2003.
DOI : 10.1109/VR.2003.1191143

J. Blouin, C. Bard, N. Teasdale, . Paillard, M. Fleury et al., Reference systems for coding spatial information in normal subjects and a deafferented patient, Experimental Brain Research, vol.93, issue.2, pp.324-331, 1993.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00228401

J. Bluteau, S. Coquillart, Y. Payan, and E. Gentaz, Haptic Guidance Improves the Visuo-Manual Tracking of Trajectories, PLoS ONE, vol.6, issue.1, p.1775, 2008.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0001775.t002

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00264408

S. A. Bly, S. R. Harrison, and S. Irwin, Media spaces: bringing people together in a video, audio, and computing environment, Communications of the ACM, vol.36, issue.1, pp.28-47, 1993.
DOI : 10.1145/151233.151235

P. Bourdot, J. Jessel, and I. Thouvenin, Industries Manufacturières, pp.175-200, 2006.

J. Bowers, J. Pycock, and J. O-'brien, Talk and embodiment in collaborative virtual environments, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems common ground, CHI '96, pp.58-65, 1996.
DOI : 10.1145/238386.238404

S. Brave and A. Dahley, inTouch, CHI '97 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems looking to the future, CHI '97, pp.363-364, 1997.
DOI : 10.1145/1120212.1120435

S. E. Brennan, The Vocabulary Problem in Spoken Dialogue Systems Automated Spoken Dialog Systems, 1998.

B. Bril and V. Roux, Le Geste Technique -Réflexions Méthodologiques Et Anthropologiques Ramonville Saint-Agne: Erès, 2002.

S. Bryson and C. Levit, The virtual wind tunnel, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol.12, issue.4, pp.25-34, 1992.
DOI : 10.1109/38.144824

. Burkhardt, Immersion, représentation et coopération : discussion et perspectives de recherches empiriques pour l'ergonomie cognitive de la Réalité Virtuelle, Intellectica : Virtuel et cognition, issue.45, pp.59-87, 2007.

J. Burkhardt, B. Bardy, and D. Lourdeaux, Immersion, réalisme et présence dans la conception et l'evaluation des environnements virtuels. Psychologie Française, pp.35-42, 2003.

J. Burkhardt, D. Lourdeaux, and F. Lequatre, Environnements virtuels pour l'apprentissage, Proceedings of the 17th conference on 17??me Conf??rence Francophone sur l'Interaction Homme-Machine , IHM 2005, pp.163-170, 2005.
DOI : 10.1145/1148550.1148571

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01434545

B. E. Butler, Spatial puzzles: A guide for researchers., Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne, vol.35, issue.1, pp.47-65, 1994.
DOI : 10.1037/0708-5591.35.1.47

J. Butterworth, A. Davidson, S. Hench, and T. Olano, 3DM: a three dimensional modeler using a head-mounted display, Proceedings of the 1992 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics , SI3D '92, pp.135-138, 1992.
DOI : 10.1145/147156.147182

W. A. Buxton, Telepresence: Integrating Shared Task and Person Spaces, Proceedings of Graphics Interface '92, pp.123-129, 1992.

C. Cadoz, Le geste canal de communication homme/machine: la communication «instrumentale». Technique et science informatiques, pp.31-61, 1994.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00867517

C. Cadoz, Les réalités virtuelles, 1994.

G. Caplat, Modélisation cognitive et résolution de problèmes, 2001.

L. A. Carlson and S. R. Van-demana, Inhibition within a reference frame during the interpretation of spatial language, Cognition, vol.106, issue.1, pp.384-407, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cognition.2007.03.009

L. A. Carlson-radvansky and Y. Jiang, Inhibition Accompanies Reference-Frame Selection, Psychological Science, vol.9, issue.5, pp.386-391, 1998.
DOI : 10.1111/1467-9280.00072

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.24.3120

C. Carlsson and O. Hagsand, DIVE A multi-user virtual reality system, Proceedings of IEEE Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium, pp.396-402, 1993.
DOI : 10.1109/VRAIS.1993.380753

P. Caulier and B. Houriez, Incident case reusing in telephone traffic control, 1996.

E. F. Churchill, D. N. Snowdon, and A. J. Munro, Collaborative Virtual Environments: Digital Places and Spaces for Interaction, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4471-0685-2

H. H. Clark, Using Language, 1996.

H. Clark and S. Brennan, Grounding in communication., 1991.
DOI : 10.1037/10096-006

A. Cockburn and S. Greenberg, The design and evolution of TurboTurtle, a collaborative microworld for exploring Newtonian physics, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol.48, issue.6, pp.777-801, 1998.
DOI : 10.1006/ijhc.1997.0179

P. Cohen and H. Levesque, Teamwork, No??s, vol.25, issue.4, pp.487-512, 1991.
DOI : 10.2307/2216075

P. Cottone and G. Mnatovani, Grounding "subjective views" Situation awareness and coreference in distance learning Being There: Concepts, effects and measurement of user presence in synthetic environments, 2003.

B. J. Cratty, Comparison of Learning a Fine Motor Task With Learning a Similar Gross Motor Task, Using Kinesthetic Cues. Research Quarterly, pp.212-221, 1962.

D. 'ambra, J. Rice, R. E. Connor, and M. , Computer-mediated communication and media preference : An investigation of the dimensionality of perceived task equivocality and media richness, Behavior and Information Technology, pp.164-174, 1998.

O. Daly-jones, A. Monk, and L. Watts, Some advantages of video conferencing over highquality audio conferencing : Fluency and awareness of focus, International Journal of Human- Computer Studies, pp.24-58, 1998.

D. Greef, P. Ijsselsteijn, and W. A. , Social Presence in the PhotoShare Tele-Application, the proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Presence, 2000.

D. Terssac, G. Chabaud, and C. , Référentiel opératif commun et fiabilité, Les Facteurs humains de la fiabilité dans les systèmes complexes, pp.111-139, 1990.

M. Desmurgeta, D. Pélissona, Y. Rossettia, and C. Prablanca, From Eye to Hand: Planning Goal-directed Movements, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, vol.22, issue.6, pp.761-788, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0149-7634(98)00004-9

F. Détienne, J. Boujut, and B. Hohmann, Characterization of Collaborative Design and Interaction Management Activities in a Distant Engineering Design Situation, 2004.

P. Dillenbourg, What do you mean by collaborative learning? Dans P. Dillenbourg (Éd, Collaborative learning: Cognitive and Computational Approaches, pp.1-19, 1999.

C. M. Dominguez, C. Vidulich, E. Dominguez, &. G. Vogel, and . Mcmillan, Can SA be defined Situation awareness: Papers and annotated bibliography, pp.5-15, 1994.

S. Donikian, G. Moreau, and G. Thomas, Multimodal driving simulation in realistic urban environments, Progress in System and Robot Analysis and Control Design, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/BFb0110555

C. Dumas, Un modèle d'interaction 3D : Interaction homme-machine et homme-machinehomme dans les interfaces 3D pour la TCAO synchrone, Thèse de Doctorat, 1999.

N. Durlach and M. Slater, Presence in Shared Virtual Environments and Virtual Togetherness, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol.12, issue.3, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02886376

P. Ekman and W. Friesen, Hand movements. (353-374, Journal of Communication, 1972.

C. A. Ellis, S. J. Gibbs, and G. L. Rein, Groupware: some issues and experiences, Communications of the ACM, vol.34, issue.1, pp.38-58, 1991.
DOI : 10.1145/99977.99987

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.105.6398

R. S. Ellis, Nature and origins of virtual environments: a bibliographical essay, Computing Systems in Engineering, vol.2, issue.4, pp.321-347, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0956-0521(91)90001-L

T. Erickson, From interface to interplace: the spatial environment as a medium for interaction, the Proceedings of Conference on Spatial Information Theory, 1993.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-57207-4_26

K. A. Ericsson and N. Charness, Expert performance: Its structure and acquisition., American Psychologist, vol.49, issue.8, pp.49-725, 1994.
DOI : 10.1037/0003-066X.49.8.725

N. Fay, S. Garod, and J. Carletta, Group Discussion as Interactive Dialogue or as Serial Monologue: The Influence of Group Size, Psychological Science, vol.17, issue.6, pp.487-492, 2000.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511620539

D. Feygin, M. Keehner, and F. Tendick, Haptic guidance: experimental evaluation of a haptic training method for a perceptual motor skill, Proceedings 10th Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems. HAPTICS 2002, pp.40-47, 2002.
DOI : 10.1109/HAPTIC.2002.998939

K. Fischer, The Role of Users' Concepts of the Robot in HumanRobot Spatial Instruction, 2007.

R. S. Fish, R. E. Kraut, and B. L. Chalfonte, The video window system in informal communication, Proceedings of CSCW'90, 1990.

B. Fröhlich and J. Plate, The cubic mouse, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems , CHI '00, pp.526-531, 2000.
DOI : 10.1145/332040.332491

B. Fröhlich, S. Barrass, B. Zehner, J. Plate, and M. Göbel, Exploring geo-scientific data in virtual environments, Proceedings Visualization '99 (Cat. No.99CB37067), pp.169-173, 1999.
DOI : 10.1109/VISUAL.1999.809884

P. Fuchs and P. Stergiopoulos, Les interfaces manuelles sensori-motrices, Interfaces à retour d'effort, Le traité de la Réalité Virtuelle, p.pp, 2006.

S. Garrod and A. Anderson, Saying what you mean in dialogue: A study in conceptual and semantic co-ordination, Cognition, vol.27, issue.2, pp.181-218, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/0010-0277(87)90018-7

W. W. Gaver, A. Sellen, C. Heath, and P. Luff, One is not enough, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems , CHI '93, pp.335-341, 1993.
DOI : 10.1145/169059.169268

A. Giboin, La construction de référentiels communs dans le travail coopératif, Psychologie ergonomique tendances actuelles, pp.119-139, 2004.

R. B. Gillespie, M. O-'modhrain, P. Tang, D. Zaretsky, and C. Pham, The virtual teacher, Proceedings of the ASME International Mechanical Engineering Conference and Exposition, 1998.

D. Givens, Body speak: what are you saying? Successful Meetings Magazine, p.p, 2000.

C. Goodwin and M. Goodwin, Seeing as situated activity: Formulating planes, 1996.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9781139174077.004

&. D. Engeström and . Middleton, Communication & Cognition at Work. Cambridge

R. Gossweiler, R. Laferriere, M. Keller, and R. Pausch, An Introductory Tutorial for Developing Multiuser Virtual Environments, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol.3, issue.4, pp.225-264, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0097-8493(83)90023-7

J. Grudin, Computer-supported cooperative work: history and focus, Computer, vol.27, issue.5, pp.19-26, 1994.
DOI : 10.1109/2.291294

R. Gupta, T. Sheridan, and D. Whitney, Experiments Using Multimodal Virtual Environments in Design for Assembly Analysis, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol.11, issue.1, pp.318-338, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/0010-4485(94)90084-1

A. Guye-vuillème, T. K. Capin, I. Pandzic, N. Thalmann, and D. Thalmann, Nonverbal Communication Interface for Collaborative Virtual Environments, Proceedings of CVE 1998, pp.105-112, 1998.

C. Hand, A Survey of 3D Interaction Techniques, Proceedings of Computer Graphics Forum, pp.269-281, 1997.
DOI : 10.1111/1467-8659.00194

A. P. Hare, Handbook of small group research, 1962.

E. Harvey and C. Gingold, Hapticrepresentation of the atom, Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Information Visualization, pp.232-235, 2000.

C. J. Hasser, A. S. Goldenberg, K. M. Martin, and L. B. Rosenberg, User performing a GUI pointing task with a low-cost force-feedback computer mouse, Proceedings of the ASME Dynamic Systems and Control Division, pp.151-156, 1998.

C. Heath, M. Jirotka, P. Luff, and J. Hindmarsh, Unpacking Collaboration: The interactional organisation of trading in a city dealing room, S. Netherlands, Éd.) Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, pp.147-165, 1995.

K. Henmi and T. Yoshikawa, Virtual lesson and its application to virtual calligraphy system, Proceedings. 1998 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (Cat. No.98CH36146), 1998.
DOI : 10.1109/ROBOT.1998.677278

K. Hinckley, R. Pausch, J. H. Downs, D. Proffitt, and N. Kassell, The Props-Based Interface For Neurosurgical Visualization, MMVR5: Medicine Meets Virtual Reality, pp.552-562, 1995.

K. Hinckley, R. Pausch, J. C. Goble, and N. F. Kassell, A survey of design issues in spatial input, Proceedings of the 7th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology , UIST '94, pp.213-122, 1994.
DOI : 10.1145/192426.192501

J. Hindmarsh, M. Fraser, C. Heath, S. Benford, and C. Greenhalagh, Fragmented interaction, Proceedings of the 1998 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work , CSCW '98, pp.217-226, 1998.
DOI : 10.1145/289444.289496

C. Ho, C. Basdogan, M. Slater, N. Durlach, and M. A. Srinivasan, An Experiment on the Influence of Haptic Communication on the Sense of Being Together, Proceedings of the British Telecom Workshop on Presence in Shared Virtual Environments, 1998.

J. M. Hoc, Coopération humaine et systèmes coopératifs, Éd.) IHM et cognition, pp.139-187, 2003.

H. Horacek, Tailoring inference-rich descriptions through making compromises between conflicting cooperation principles, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol.53, issue.6, pp.1117-1146, 2000.
DOI : 10.1006/ijhc.2000.0430

I. Hunter, D. Tilemachos, S. Lafontaine, P. Charette, L. Jones et al., A Teleoperated Microsurgical Robot and Associated Virtual Environment for Eye Surgery, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol.3, issue.4, pp.265-280, 1993.
DOI : 10.1109/IEMBS.1992.5761356

M. Hutchins, A. Adcock, D. Stevenson, C. Gunn, and A. Krumpholz, The design of perceptual representations for practical networked multimodal virtual training environments, the Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction : HCI International '05, 2005.

H. Ishii, M. Kobayashi, and K. Arita, Iterative design of seamless collaboration media, Communications of the ACM, vol.37, issue.8, pp.83-97, 1994.
DOI : 10.1145/179606.179687

C. F. Jensen, The effect of communication modality on cooperation in online environments, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems , CHI '00, 2000.
DOI : 10.1145/332040.332478

P. M. Johnson, Collaboration in the small vs. collaboration in the large, ACM SIGOIS Bulletin, vol.15, issue.3, pp.19-21, 1995.
DOI : 10.1145/201947.201963

C. Joslin, I. Pandzic, and N. Magnenat-thalmann, Trends in networked collaborative virtual environments, Computer Communications, vol.26, issue.5, pp.430-437, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-3664(02)00163-9

R. Kalawsky, The validity of presence as a reliable human performance metric in immersive environments, proceedings of the Presence Workshop '00, 2000.

V. Kalawsky, Exploiting virtual reality techniques in education and training : Technological issues, 1996.

A. Kheddar, R. Chellali, and P. Coiffet, Virtual Environment-Assited Teleoperation, 2002.
DOI : 10.1201/b17360-51

M. Stanney, Handbook of Virtual Environments : Design, Implementation, and Applications, pp.959-997

D. Kimura, Cerveau d'homme et cerveau de femme, 2001.

B. Kolb and I. Whishaw, Cerveau et comportement, 2002.

R. E. Kraut, S. R. Fussell, and J. Siegel, Visual information as a conversational resource in collaborative physical tasks. Human-Computer Interaction, pp.13-49, 2003.

J. Latta and D. Oberg, A conceptual virtual reality model, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol.14, issue.1, pp.23-29, 1994.
DOI : 10.1109/38.250915

E. Lawley, The Sociology of Culture in Computer-Mediated Communication: An Initial Exploration, 1994.

C. A. Lawton, Gender and Regional Differences in Spatial Referents Used in Direction Giving, Sex Roles, pp.321-337, 2001.

P. Le-mer, Modèle de communication Homme-Clone-Homme pour les Environnement Virtuels Collaboratifs non-immersifs, Thèse de Doctorat, 2001.

L. Robert, Le grand Robert de la langue française, 2005.

A. Lécuyer, P. Mobuchon, C. Mégard, J. Perret, C. Andriot et al., HOMERE: a multimodal system for visually impaired people to explore virtual environments, IEEE Virtual Reality, 2003. Proceedings., 2003.
DOI : 10.1109/VR.2003.1191147

L. Lefbvre, Les indicateurs non verbaux dans les interactions médiatisées, Thèse de dotorat, 2008.

E. Lehtinen, K. Hakkarainen, L. Lipponen, M. Rahikainen, and H. Muukkonen, Computer Supported Collaborative Learning in Primary and Secondary Education, 2001.

J. Leigh and A. E. Johnson, Supporting transcontinental collaborative work in persistent virtual environments, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol.16, issue.4, pp.47-51, 1996.
DOI : 10.1109/38.511853

J. Leigh, A. E. Johnson, T. A. Defanti, and M. Brown, A review of tele-immersive applications in the CAVE research network, Proceedings IEEE Virtual Reality (Cat. No. 99CB36316), 1999.
DOI : 10.1109/VR.1999.756949

J. Leplat, Activité collective et nouvelles technologies, Revue Internationale de Psychologie Sociale, pp.335-356, 1991.

W. Levelet, Speaking: From Intention to Articulation, 1989.

S. C. Levinson, LANGUAGE AND SPACE, Annual Review of Anthropology, vol.25, issue.1, 1996.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.anthro.25.1.353

S. C. Levinson, Space in Language and Cognition: Explorations in Cognitive Diversity, 2003.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511613609

A. Loiselet and J. Hoc, La gestion des interférences et du référentiel commun dans la coopération: implications pour la conception, Psychologie Française, vol.46, pp.167-179, 2001.

M. Lombard and T. Ditton, At the Heart of It All: The Concept of Presence, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, vol.32, issue.1, 1997.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1083-6101.1997.tb00072.x

P. Luff, J. Hidmarsh, and C. Heath, Workplace Studies: Recovering Work Practiceand Informing System Design, 2000.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511628122

M. Macedonia, M. Zyda, D. Pratt, P. Barham, and S. Zeswitz, NPSNET, Proceedings of the 1995 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics , SI3D '95, pp.265-287, 1994.
DOI : 10.1145/199404.199419

L. S. Machado, A. N. Mello, R. D. Lopes, V. Odone-fillho, and M. K. Zuffo, A Virtual Reality Simulator for Bone Marrow Harvest for Pediatric Transplant. Medical Meets Virtual Reality proceedings, pp.293-297, 2001.

W. Mackay, Media Spaces: Environments for Informal Multimedia Interaction, 1999.

A. Majid, M. Bowerman, S. Kita, D. Haun, and S. C. Levinson, Can language restructure cognition? The case for space, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, vol.8, issue.3, pp.108-114, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tics.2004.01.003

M. L. Mclaughlin, G. Sukhatme, J. Hespanha, C. Shahabi, A. Ortega et al., The Haptic Museum, Proceedings of the Conference on Electronic Imaging and the Visual Arts EVA, 2000.

A. Mehrabian, Some referents and measures of nonverbal behavior, Behavior Research Methods & Instrumentation, vol.13, issue.6, pp.203-207, 1969.
DOI : 10.3758/BF03208096

A. Michailidis and R. Rada, Activities and communication modes, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol.46, issue.4, pp.469-483, 1997.
DOI : 10.1006/ijhc.1996.0103

P. Milgram, H. Takemura, A. Utsimi, and F. Kishino, Augmented Reality: A class of displays on the reality-virtuality continuum, Proceedings of Telemanipulator and Telepresence Technologies, pp.282-292, 1994.

G. Miller and P. Johnson-laird, Language and perception, 1976.

T. Moran and R. Anderson, The workaday world as a paradigm for CSCW design, Proceedings of the 1990 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work , CSCW '90, pp.381-393, 1990.
DOI : 10.1145/99332.99369

D. Morris, C. Sewell, N. Blevins, F. Barbagli, and K. Salisbury, A Collaborative Virtual Environment for the Simulation of Temporal Bone Surgery, Proceedings of the International Conference on Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI), pp.319-327, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-30136-3_40

D. Morris, H. Tan, F. Barbagli, T. Chang, and K. Salisbury, Haptic Feedback Enhances Force Skill Learning, Second Joint EuroHaptics Conference and Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems (WHC'07), pp.21-26, 2007.
DOI : 10.1109/WHC.2007.65

C. Navarro and N. Nova, Partage de l'information en situation de coopération à distance et nouvelles technologies de la communication : bilan de recherches récentes A Review of How Space Affords Socio-Cognitive Processes during Collaboration, Psychnology, vol.3, issue.2, pp.118-148, 2001.

D. Ott and P. Dillenbourg, Using Proximity and View Awareness to Reduce Referential Ambiguity in a Shared 3D Virtual Environment, Proceedings of CSCL 2001, 2001.

A. Visuo-haptic, Device -Telemaque -Increases Kindergarten Children's Handwriting Acquisition, Proceedings of the Second Joint EuroHaptics Conference and Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems, pp.72-77

I. Pandzic, Facial Communication in Networked Collaborative Virtual Environments, Thèse de Doctorat, 1998.

I. Pandzic, T. Capin, E. Lee, N. Magnenat-thalmann, and D. Thalmann, A flexible architecture for virtual humans in networked collaborative virtual environments, Proceedings of Eurographics 97, 1997.

A. Pang and C. Wittenbrink, Collaborative 3D visualization with CSpray, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol.17, issue.2, pp.32-41, 1997.
DOI : 10.1109/38.574676

T. Panitz, Collaborative versus Cooperative Learning-A Comparison of the Two Concepts which will Help us Understand the Underlying Nature of Interactive Learning, 1997.

A. Piolat and R. Bannour, An example of text analysis software (EMOTAIX-Troppes) use: The influence of anxiety on expressive writing, Current Psychology Letters, vol.15, issue.2, 2009.

C. C. Presson, Spatial egocentrism and the effect of an alternate frame of reference, Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, vol.29, issue.3, pp.391-402, 1980.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-0965(80)90102-2

J. Prothero, D. Parker, and T. Furness, Towards a robust, quantitative measure for presence, Proceedings of the Conference on Experimental Analysis and Measurement of Situation Awareness, pp.359-366, 1995.

L. Provenzano, J. Delzons, P. Plénacoste, and J. Vandromme, Designing Viewpoint Awareness for 3D Collaborative Virtual Environment Focused on Real-Time Manipulation of Multiple Shared Objects, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (, vol.4563, pp.147-156, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-73335-5_17

R. Querrec, C. Buche, E. Maffre, and P. Chevallier, SecuReVi : Virtual environments for fire fighting training, p.2003, 2003.

K. Reed, M. A. Peshkin, M. Hartmann, J. E. Colgate, and J. L. Patton, Kinesthetic Interaction, 9th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, 2005. ICORR 2005., 2005.
DOI : 10.1109/ICORR.2005.1502027

J. Rekimoto, SmartSkin, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems Changing our world, changing ourselves, CHI '02, pp.113-120, 2002.
DOI : 10.1145/503376.503397

R. Roberts and C. Aman, Developmental Differences in Giving Directions: Spatial Frames of Reference and Mental Rotation, Child Development, vol.64, issue.4, pp.1258-1270, 1993.
DOI : 10.2307/1131338

J. Rogalski, Formation aux activités collectives, Le travail humain, vol.57, pp.425-443, 1994.

J. Roschelle and S. D. Teasley, The Construction of Shared Knowledge in Collaborative Problem Solving, Computer-supported collaborative learning, pp.69-97, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-85098-1_5

M. Roussou, M. Oliver, and M. Slater, Exploring activity theory as a tool for evaluating interactivity and learning in virtual environments for children, Cognition, Technology & Work, vol.42, issue.4, pp.141-153, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s10111-007-0070-3

A. Rovers and H. A. Van-essen, Design and evaluation of Hapticons for enriched Instant Messaging, Proceedings of EuroHaptics, 2004.

E. Salas, C. Prince, D. Baker, and L. Shrestha, Situation Awareness in Team Performance: Implications for Measurement and Training, Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, vol.37, issue.1, pp.123-136, 1995.
DOI : 10.1518/001872095779049525

D. Salber, De l'interaction individuelle aux systèmes multiutilisateurs. L'exemple de la Communication Homme-Homme-Médiatisée, Thèse de doctorat Informatique, 1995.

J. K. Salisbury, Making graphics physically tangible, Communications of the ACM, vol.42, issue.8, pp.74-81, 1999.
DOI : 10.1145/310930.310976

E. Sallnäs, The Effect of Modality on Social Presence, Presence and Performance in Collaborative Virtual Environments, 2004.

E. Sallnäs and S. Zhai, Collaboration meets Fitts' law: Passing Virtual Objects with and without Haptic Force Feedback, Proceedings of INTERACT 2003, IFIP Conference on Human- Computer Interaction, 2003.

E. Sallnäs, K. Rassmus-gröhn, and C. Sjöström, Supporting presence in collaborative environments by haptic force feedback, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, vol.7, issue.4, pp.461-476, 2000.
DOI : 10.1145/365058.365086

A. Savoyant, Définition et voies d'analyse de l'activité collective des équipes de travail, 1984.

W. A. Schafer and D. A. Bowman, Evaluating the effects of frame of reference on spatial collaboration using desktop collaborative virtual environments, Virtual Reality, vol.7, issue.3-4, pp.164-174, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s10055-004-0123-3

K. Schmidt, Analysis of Cooperative Work, A Conceptual Framework, 1990.

R. Schmidt, Motor control and learning: A behavioural emphasis (éd. 2), 1987.

M. F. Schober, How addressees affect spatial perspective choice in dialogue, Representation and Processing of Spatial Expressions, pp.231-245, 1998.

M. F. Schober, Spatial perspective-taking in conversation, Cognition, vol.47, issue.1, pp.1-24, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0010-0277(93)90060-9

R. Schroeder, Copresence and Interaction in Virtual Environments: An Overview of the Range of Issues, proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Presence '02, pp.274-295, 2002.

M. J. Schuemie, P. Van-der-straaten, M. Krijn, and C. A. Van-der-mast, Research on Presence in Virtual Reality: A Survey, CyberPsychology & Behavior, vol.4, issue.2, pp.183-201, 2001.
DOI : 10.1089/109493101300117884

M. E. Shaw, Group Dynamics, Annual Review of Psychology, vol.12, issue.1, 1976.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.ps.12.020161.001021

T. B. Sheridan, Telerobotics, Automation, and Human Supervisory Control, 1992.

T. Sheridan, Musings on Telepresence and Virtual Presence, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol.1, issue.1, pp.120-126, 1992.
DOI : 10.1162/pres.1992.1.1.120

S. Sire and S. Chatty, Vers des interfaces à collaboration directe pour le travail de groupe, 1998.

M. Slater, V. Linakis, M. Usoh, R. Kooper, and G. Street, Immersion, Presence, and Performance in Virtual Environments: An Experiment with Tri-Dimensional Chess, ACM Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp.163-172, 1996.

C. M. Smith, Human factors in haptic interfaces, Crossroads, vol.3, issue.3, pp.14-16, 1997.
DOI : 10.1145/270974.270980

R. B. Smith, R. Hixon, and B. Horan, Supporting flexible roles in a shared space, Proceedings of the 1998 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work , CSCW '98, pp.197-205, 1998.
DOI : 10.1145/289444.289494

D. Snowdon and E. F. Churchill, Collaborative Virtual Environments: A Conference Report, SIGGROUP Bulletin, vol.19, issue.2, 1998.

J. Solis, C. Avizzano, and M. Bergamasco, Validating a skill transfer system based on reactive robots technology, The 12th IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, 2003. Proceedings. ROMAN 2003., pp.175-180, 2003.
DOI : 10.1109/ROMAN.2003.1251841

M. Spante, R. Schroeder, and A. S. Axelsson, How Putting Yourself into the Other Person´s Virtual Shoes Enhances Collaboration, Proceeding of the 7th International Workshop on Presence, pp.190-196, 2004.

D. Sperber and D. Wilson, Relevance: communication and cognition, 1986.

M. A. Srinivasan and C. Basdogan, Haptics in virtual environments: Taxonomy, research status, and challenges, Computers & Graphics, vol.21, issue.4, pp.393-404, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0097-8493(97)00030-7

K. M. Stanney and M. Zyda, Virtual Environments in the 21st Century, Handbook of Virtual Vnvironment: Design, Implementation, and Applications, pp.1-14, 2002.

G. Stasser and L. Taylor, Speaking turns in face-to-face discussions., Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol.60, issue.5, pp.675-684, 1991.
DOI : 10.1037/0022-3514.60.5.675

M. Stefik, D. G. Bobrow, S. Lanning, and D. Tatar, WYSIWIS revised: early experiences with multiuser interfaces, ACM Transactions on Information Systems, vol.5, issue.2, pp.147-167, 1987.
DOI : 10.1145/27636.28056

L. Sternberger, Interaction en réalité virtuelle, Thèse de doctorat, 2006.

R. Stoakley, M. J. Conway, and R. Pausch, Virtual reality on a WIM, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, CHI '95, pp.265-272, 1995.
DOI : 10.1145/223904.223938

E. Subasi and C. Basdogan, A New Haptic Interaction and Visualization Approach for Rigid Molecular Docking in Virtual Environments, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol.17, issue.1, pp.73-90, 2008.
DOI : 10.1002/anie.199009921

J. C. Tang and E. Isaacs, Why do users like video? Studies of multimedia supported collaboration, Journal of Computer Supported Cooperative work, pp.163-196, 1993.

R. Taylor, W. Robinett, V. Chi, B. Jr, F. Wright et al., The nanomanipulator, Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques , SIGGRAPH '93, pp.127-134, 1993.
DOI : 10.1145/166117.166133

J. Tisseau, Réalité Virtuelle ?autonomie in virtuo, Thèse d'habilitation à diriger des recherches, 2001.

S. Valin, A. Francu, H. Trefftz, and I. Marsic, Sharing viewpoints in collaborative virtual environments, Proceedings of the 34th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2001.
DOI : 10.1109/HICSS.2001.926213

J. B. Van-erp and H. A. Van-veen, Vibro-tactile information presentation in automobiles, Porceedings of Eurohaptics, 2001.

I. Verjat, Confrontation de deux approches de la localisation spatiale. L'année psychologique, pp.403-423, 1994.

P. Vermersch, L'entretien d'explicitation, 1996.

S. Walairacht, Y. Koike, and M. Sato, A New Haptic Display for Both-Hands-Operation :SPIDAR-8, Proceedings of ISPACS'99, pp.569-572, 1999.

R. Watt, An Examination Of The Visual Aspects Of Human Facial Gesture, 1995.

N. White and D. Back, Telephonic Arm, 1986.

S. Whittaker, Theories and Methods in Mediated Communication, 2003.

C. D. Wickens, Processing resources in attention, 1984.

J. Wideström, A. Axelsson, and A. Abelin, The collaborative cube puzzle, Proceedings of the third international conference on Collaborative virtual environments , CVE '00, 2000.
DOI : 10.1145/351006.351035

J. Wideström, A. Axelsson, R. Shroeder, A. Nilsson, I. Heldal et al., The collaborative cube puzzle, Proceedings of the third international conference on Collaborative virtual environments , CVE '00, 2000.
DOI : 10.1145/351006.351035

R. Williams, M. Srivastava, R. Conaster, and J. Howell, Implementation and Evaluation of a Haptic Playback System, Haptics-e Journal, vol.3, issue.3, 2004.

D. B. Willingham, A neuropsychological theory of motor skill learning., Psychological Review, vol.105, issue.3, pp.558-584, 1998.
DOI : 10.1037/0033-295X.105.3.558

J. Wilson, D. Brown, S. Cobb, M. Cruz, and R. Eastgate, Manufacturing Operations in Virtual Environments (MOVE), Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol.4, issue.3, pp.306-317, 1995.
DOI : 10.1117/12.19896

B. G. Witmer and M. J. Singer, Measuring presence in virtual environments: A presence questionnaire Journal of Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 02 55)-Le praticien décide du parcours pour atteindre la cible. (04 00) 3-Préparation du radiologue. (04 00)-Stérilisation du praticien, pp.225-240, 1998.