F. Albertini and D. Et, Observability and Forward-Backward Observability of Discrete-Time Nonlinear Systems, Mathematics of Control, Signals, and Systems (MCSS), vol.15, issue.4, pp.275-290, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s004980200011

G. A. Almasy and T. Sztano, Checking and correction of measurements on the basis of linear system model, Problems of Control and Information Theory, pp.57-69, 1975.

M. Basseville, Detecting changes in signals and systems???A survey, Automatica, vol.24, issue.3, pp.309-326, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0005-1098(88)90073-8

M. Basseville, A. Et, and . Benveniste, Detection of abrupt changes in signals and dynamic systems, Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences, vol.77, 1986.

M. Basseville, I. V. Et, and . Nikiforov, Detection of Abrupt Changes: Theory and Application , Information and System Science, pp.978-0131267800, 1993.

Y. Ben-haim, An algorithm for failure location in a complex network, Nuclear Science and Engineering, vol.75, pp.191-199, 1980.

Y. Ben-haim, Malfunction location in linear stochastic systems-application to nuclear power plants, Nuclear Science and Engineering, vol.85, pp.156-166, 1983.

G. Besançon, Contributions à l'étude et à l'observation des systèmes non linéaires avec recours au calcul formel, 1996.

D. Bestle, M. Et, and . Zeitz, Canonical form observer design for non-linear time-variable systems, International Journal of Control, vol.27, issue.2, pp.419-425, 1983.
DOI : 10.1080/00207178308933084

D. Boutat, A. Benali, H. Hammouri, and K. Busawon, New algorithm for observer error linearization with a diffeomorphism on the outputs, Automatica, vol.45, issue.10, pp.2187-2193, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.automatica.2009.05.030
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00433548

M. Boutayeb, D. Et, and . Aubry, A strong tracking extended Kalman observer for nonlinear discrete-time systems, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol.44, issue.8, pp.1550-1556, 1999.
DOI : 10.1109/9.780419

R. B. Broen, A nonlinear voter-estimator for redundant systems, 1974 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 13th Symposium on Adaptive Processes, pp.743-748, 1974.
DOI : 10.1109/CDC.1974.270532

C. Corona and L. A. , Quelques contributions aux observateurs non linéaires à horizon glissant, 2002.

C. Canudas-de-wit, Control of friction-driven systems, 1999.

C. T. Chang, J. I. Et, and . Hwang, Simplification techniques for EKF computations in fault diagnosis???suboptimal gains, Chemical Engineering Science, vol.53, issue.22, pp.3853-3862, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0009-2509(98)00208-5

J. Chen, R. J. Et, and . Patton, Robust Model-based Fault Diagnosis for Dynamic Systems, pp.978-0792384113, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4615-5149-2

G. Ciccarella, M. D. Mora, and A. Germani, A Luenberger-like observer for nonlinear systems, International Journal of Control, vol.6, issue.3, pp.537-556, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0167-6911(87)90021-1

G. Ciccarella, M. D. Mora, and A. Germani, Observers for discrete-time nonlinear systems, Systems & Control Letters, vol.20, issue.5, pp.373-382, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0167-6911(93)90016-Y

G. Ciccarella, M. D. Mora, and A. Germani, A robust observer for discrete time nonlinear systems, Systems & Control Letters, vol.24, issue.4, pp.291-300, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0167-6911(94)00021-M

R. N. Clark, The dedicated observer approach to instrument fault detection, IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, pp.237-241, 1979.

E. Y. Chow, A. S. Et, and . Willsky, Analytical redundancy and the design of robust failure detection systems, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol.29, issue.7, pp.603-614, 1984.
DOI : 10.1109/TAC.1984.1103593

D. Fragkoulis, Détection et localisation des défauts provenant des actionneurs et des capteurs : application sur un système non linéaire, 2008.

P. M. Frank, Fault diagnosis in dynamic systems via state estimation -a survey, System Fault Diagnostics, Reliability and Related Knowledge-Based Approaches, 1986.

P. M. Frank, Fault diagnosis in dynamic systems using analytical and knowledge-based redundancy, Automatica, vol.26, issue.3, pp.459-474, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0005-1098(90)90018-D

P. M. Frank, On-line fault detection in uncertain nonlinear systems using diagnostic observers: a survey, International Journal of Systems Science, vol.8, issue.12, pp.2129-2154, 1994.
DOI : 10.1109/9.58536

P. M. Frank, S. X. Ding, and T. Marcu, Model-based fault diagnosis in technical processes, Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control, vol.22, issue.1, pp.57-101, 2000.
DOI : 10.1191/014233100676786880

P. M. Frank, J. Et, and . Wünnenberg, Robust fault diagnosis using unknown input observer schemes, Fault diagnosis in dynamic systems: theory and applications, 1989.

K. Fukunaga, Introduction to statistical pattern recognition, Academic press, pp.0-12, 1972.

J. Gertler, Analytical redundancy methods in fault detection and isolation; survey and synthesis, IFAC Fault Detection, Supervision and Safety for Technical Processes, pp.9-21, 1991.

J. Gertler, Residual generation in model-based fault diagnosis, Control-theory and advanced technology, pp.259-285, 1993.

J. Gertler, Fault Detection and Diagnosis in Engineering Systems, pp.978-0824794279, 1998.

J. Gertler, M. Costin, X. Fang, R. Hira, Z. Kowalczuk et al., Model-based on-board fault detection and diagnosis for automotive engines, Control Engineering Practice, vol.1, issue.1, pp.3-17, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0967-0661(93)92097-N

J. Gertler, X. Fang, Q. Et, and . Luo, Detection and Diagnosis of Plant Failures: The Orthogonal Parity Equation Approach, Control and Dynamic Systems, vol.37, pp.159-216, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/B978-0-12-012737-5.50010-4

J. Gertler, R. Et, and . Monajemy, Generating directional residuals with dynamic parity relations, Automatica, vol.31, issue.4, pp.627-635, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0005-1098(95)98494-Q

J. Gertler, D. Et, and . Singer, A new structural framework for parity equation-based failure detection and isolation, Automatica, vol.26, issue.2, pp.381-388, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0005-1098(90)90133-3

G. Graton, Diagnostic des systèmes à l'aide d'observateurs à mémoire finie, Application au Common Rail, 2005.

G. Graton, F. Kratz, and J. Fantini, Observateurs ?? m??moire finie. Propri??t??s et application au diagnostic, Journal Europ??en des Syst??mes Automatis??s, vol.41, issue.3-4, pp.3-4, 2007.
DOI : 10.3166/jesa.41.471-503

J. W. Grizzle and P. E. Et, Newton, observers and nonlinear discrete-time control, 29th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, pp.760-767, 1990.
DOI : 10.1109/CDC.1990.203690

W. Grossman, Enhancing Noise Robustness in Discrete-Time Nonlinear Observers, pp.3489-3494, 1999.

H. Hammouri, P. Kabore, S. Othman, and J. Biston, Failure diagnosis and nonlinear observer. Application to a hydraulic process, Journal of the Franklin Institute, vol.339, issue.4-5, pp.455-478, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-0032(02)00027-3
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00524444

R. Hermann, A. J. Et, and . Krener, Nonlinear controllability and observability, Nonlinear controllability and observability, pp.728-740, 1977.
DOI : 10.1109/TAC.1977.1101601

D. M. Himmelblau, Fault detection and diagnosis in chemical and petrochemical processes, p.9780444417473, 1978.

J. C. Hoskins, D. M. Et, and . Himmelblau, Artificial neural network models of knowledge representation in chemical engineering, Computers & Chemical Engineering, vol.12, issue.9-10, pp.881-890, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0098-1354(88)87015-7

R. Isermann, Process fault detection based on modeling and estimation methods???A survey, Automatica, vol.20, issue.4, pp.387-404, 1984.
DOI : 10.1016/0005-1098(84)90098-0

R. Isermann, Process fault diagnosis based on dynamic models and parameter estimation methods, Fault diagnosis in dynamic systems: theory and applications, 1989.

T. Kailath, Linear systems, pp.978-0135369616, 1980.

S. N. Kavuri and V. Venkatasubramanian, Combining pattern classification and assumption-based techniques for process fault diagnosis, Computers & Chemical Engineering, vol.16, issue.4, pp.299-312, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0098-1354(92)80050-J

H. Keller, Non-linear observer design by transformation into a generalized observer canonical form, International Journal of Control, vol.34, issue.6, pp.1915-1930, 1987.
DOI : 10.1080/00207728408926614

H. Khan, S. C. Abou, and N. Sepehri, Nonlinear observer-based fault detection technique for electro-hydraulic servo-positioning systems, Mechatronics, vol.15, issue.9, pp.1037-1059, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.mechatronics.2005.06.010

B. Koppen-seliger, P. M. Frank, and A. Wolff, Residual evaluation for fault detection and isolation with RCE neural networks, Proceedings of 1995 American Control Conference, ACC'95, pp.3264-3268, 1995.
DOI : 10.1109/ACC.1995.532206

M. A. Kramer, Malfunction diagnosis using quantitative models with non-boolean reasoning in expert systems, AIChE Journal, vol.33, issue.1, pp.30-140, 1987.
DOI : 10.1002/aic.690330115

M. A. Kramer and R. S. Mah, Model-based monitoring, Proceedings of the second international conference on 'foundations of computer-aided process operations, pp.45-68, 1993.

F. Kratz, D. Et, and . Aubry, Finite memory observer for state estimation of hybrid system, 5th IFAC Symposium on Fault Detection, Supervision and Safety of Technical Processes, pp.687-691, 2003.

F. Kratz, S. Bousghiri, and G. Mourot, A finite memory observer approach to the design of fault detection algorithms, Proceedings of 1994 American Control Conference, ACC '94, pp.3574-3576, 1994.
DOI : 10.1109/ACC.1994.735250

C. Kravaris, G. Et, and . Savoglidis, Modular design of nonlinear observers for state and disturbance estimation, Systems & Control Letters, vol.57, issue.11, pp.946-957, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.sysconle.2008.05.005

A. J. Krener, A. Et, and . Isodori, Linearization by output injection and nonlinear observers, Systems & Control Letters, vol.3, issue.1, pp.47-52, 1983.
DOI : 10.1016/0167-6911(83)90037-3

I. D. Landau, Identification des systèmes, pp.2-86601, 1998.

L. Li, D. H. Zhou, and K. D. Liu, Robust fault diagnosis of nonlinear systems based on an unknown input extended Kalman observer, 2005.

D. G. Luenberger, An introduction to observers, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol.16, issue.6, pp.592-602, 1971.
DOI : 10.1109/TAC.1971.1099826

M. A. Massoumnia, A geometric approach to the synthesis of failure detection filters, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol.31, issue.9, pp.839-846, 1986.
DOI : 10.1109/TAC.1986.1104419

N. Mechbal, M. Et, and . Vergé, Active Robust Fault Estimation on a Composite Beam with Integrated Piezoceramics, pp.1187-1192, 2006.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00292240

R. K. Mehra, J. Et, and . Peschon, An innovations approach to fault detection and diagnosis in dynamic systems, Automatica, vol.7, issue.5, pp.637-640, 1971.
DOI : 10.1016/0005-1098(71)90028-8

R. Milne, Strategies for Diagnosis, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, vol.17, issue.3, pp.333-339, 1987.
DOI : 10.1109/TSMC.1987.4309050

P. E. Moraal, Nonlinear observer design: theory and applications to automotive control, 1994.

P. E. Moraal, J. W. Et, and . Grizzle, Observer design for nonlinear systems with discretetime measurements, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol.40, issue.3, pp.392-404, 1995.

H. Nijmeijer, Observability of autonomous discrete-time nonlinear systems: a geometric approach, International Journal of Control, vol.36, pp.862-874, 1982.

W. Nuninger, Stratégie de diagnostic robuste à l'aide de la redondance analytique, thèse de doctorat, p.140, 1997.

R. Patton, P. Frank, and R. Clark, Fault Diagnosis in Dynamic Systems: Theory and Applications, pp.978-0133082630, 1989.

R. Patton, P. Frank, and R. Clark, Issues of Fault Diagnosis for Dynamic Systems, pp.978-981, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4471-3644-6

F. Plestan, Linéarisation par injection d'Entrée-Sortie Généralisée et synthèse d'observateur, 1995.

E. Polak, Optimization: algorithms and consistent approximations, Applied Mathematical Sciences, vol.124, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4612-0663-7

J. E. Potter, M. C. Et, and . Suman, Thresholdless redundancy managements with arrays of skewed instrument, Integrity in electronic flight control systems, pp.224-235, 1977.

J. Ragot, D. Maquin, and F. Kratz, Analytical redundancy for systems with unknown inputs ? application to fault detection, Control Theory and Avanced technology, pp.775-788, 1993.

S. Rajaraman, J. Hahn, and M. S. Mannan, Sensor fault diagnosis for nonlinear processes with parametric uncertainties???, Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol.130, issue.1-2, pp.1-8, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.07.037

R. Bosch, Servo-distributeurs à 4/3 à action directe, avec amplificateur de pilotage intégré (OBE), type 4WRSE, 2005.

E. L. Russell, L. H. Chiang, and R. D. Braatz, Data-driven techniques for fault detection and diagnosis in chemical processes, pp.978-1852332587, 2000.

Z. Sabeh, Diagnostic à base de modèle : application à un moteur diesel suralimenté à injection directe, 2006.

D. Schröder, Intelligent Observer and Control Design for Nonlinear Systems, pp.978-3540636397, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-662-04117-8

A. Schwarte, F. Kimmich, and E. R. Isermann, Model-based fault detection of a diesel engine with turbo charger -a case study, 2003.

E. D. Sontag, On the Observability of Polynomial Systems, I: Finite-Time Problems, SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization, vol.17, issue.1, pp.139-151, 1979.
DOI : 10.1137/0317011

O. A. Sotomayor, D. Et, and . Odloak, Observer-based fault diagnosis in chemical plants, Chemical Engineering Journal, vol.112, issue.1-3, pp.93-108, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cej.2005.07.001

T. Sproesser, G. L. Et, and . Gissinger, A method for fault detection using parameter and state estimation, Artificial Intelligence in Real-time Control, vol.17, pp.241-246, 1992.

T. Sproesser, G. L. Et, and . Gissinger, Fault Detection in Closed Loop Systems using Identification Methods applied on an Inverted Pendulum, Diagnostic et sûreté de fonctionnement, pp.109-121, 1994.

K. Sultan, A. Et, and . Mirza, Inverted Pendulum Analysis, Design and Implementation, 2003.

V. Vaclavek, Gross systematic errors or biases in the balance calculations, 1984.

V. Venkatasubramanian, R. Rengaswamy, K. Yin, and S. N. Kavuri, A review of process fault detection and diagnosis, Computers & Chemical Engineering, vol.27, issue.3, pp.293-311, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0098-1354(02)00160-6

V. Venkatasubramanian, R. Rengaswamy, K. Yin, and S. N. Kavuri, A review of process fault detection and diagnosis, Computers & Chemical Engineering, vol.27, issue.3, pp.313-326, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0098-1354(02)00161-8

C. Verde, Multi-leak detection and isolation in fluid pipelines, Control Engineering Practice, vol.9, issue.6, pp.673-682, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0967-0661(01)00026-0

N. Viswanadham, R. Et, and . Srichander, Fault detection using unknown-input observers, Control Theory and Advanced Technology, pp.91-101, 1987.

M. Werlefors, A. Et, and . Medvedev, DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF A NONLINEAR OBSERVER FOR A HYDRAULIC SERVO SYSTEM, IFAC Symposium on Nonlinear Control Systems, pp.385-390, 2007.
DOI : 10.3182/20070822-3-ZA-2920.00179

A. S. Willsky, A survey of design methods for failure detection in dynamic systems, Automatica, vol.12, issue.6, pp.601-611, 1976.
DOI : 10.1016/0005-1098(76)90041-8

A. S. Willsky and H. L. Jones, A generalized likelihood ratio approach to the detection and estimation of jumps in linear systems, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol.21, issue.1, pp.108-112, 1976.
DOI : 10.1109/TAC.1976.1101146

W. M. Wonham, Linear multivariable control: a geometric approach, pp.978-0387903545, 1985.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4684-0068-7