G. S. Brindley, C. E. Polkey, and D. N. Rushton, Sacral anterior root stimulators for bladder control in paraplegia, Paraplegia, vol.97, issue.6, pp.365-81, 1982.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1464-410X.1967.tb11787.x

J. [. Jost, J. S. Gosling, and . Dixon, The morphology of normal human bladder urothelium, J Anat, vol.167, pp.103-118, 1989.

]. A. Kkc-+-02, S. L. Kirkham, M. D. Knight, A. T. Craggs, P. J. Casey et al., Neuromodulation through sacral nerve roots 2 to 4 with a finetech-brindley sacral posterior and anterior root stimulator, Spinal Cord, issue.6, pp.40272-281, 2002.

. Références-bibliographiques-[-ags09-]-d, D. Andreu, and . Guiraud, SOUQUET : A distributed architecture for activating the peripheral nervous system, Journal of Neural Engineering, vol.6, issue.218pp, p.26001, 2009.

A. Ballaro, A. R. Mundy, C. H. Fry, and M. D. Craggs, Bladder electrical activity: the elusive electromyogram, BJU International, vol.166, issue.1, pp.78-84, 2003.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1464-410X.2003.03065.x

C. [. Brindley, D. N. Polkey, L. Rushton, and . Cardozo, Sacral anterior root stimulators for bladder control in paraplegia: the first 50 cases., Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, vol.49, issue.10, pp.491104-491118, 1986.
DOI : 10.1136/jnnp.49.10.1104

]. G. Bri77 and . Brindley, An implant to empty the bladder or close the urethra, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, vol.40, issue.4, pp.358-69, 1977.

]. E. Bvlvr96, J. L. Bastiaanssen, L. Van, J. Vanderschoot, and P. A. Re-dert, A myocybernetic model of the lower urinary tract, J Theor Biol, vol.178, issue.2, pp.113-133, 1996.

S. [. Creed, Y. Ishikawa, and . Ito, Electrical and mechanical activity recorded from rabbit urinary bladder in response to nerve stimulation., The Journal of Physiology, vol.338, issue.1, pp.149-64, 1983.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.1983.sp014666

M. S. Damaser, C. Whitbeck, M. Barreto, P. Horan, H. Benno et al., Comparative physiology and biochemistry of rat and rabbit urinary bladder, BJU International, vol.251, issue.4, pp.519-544, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6777(1997)16:6<601::AID-NAU9>3.0.CO;2-I

]. N. Rij04, RIJKHOFF : Neuroprostheses to treat neurogenic bladder dysfunction : current status and future perspectives, Childs Nerv Syst, vol.20, issue.2, pp.75-86, 2004.

. R. Sbs-+-99-]-j, S. Scheepe, S. Bross, P. Schumacher, J. Braun et al., JÜNEMANN : Recording the evoked canine detrusor electromyogram, Neurourol Urodyn, vol.18, issue.6, pp.687-695, 1999.

U. [. Wo´zniakwo´-wo´zniak, . Skowro´nskaskowro´, and . Skowro´nska, Comparative anatomy of pelvic plexus in cat, dog, rabbit, macaque and man, Anat Anz, vol.120, issue.5, pp.457-473, 1967.

. H. Références-bibliographiques-[-bwmj77-]-m, S. G. Brill, J. W. Waxman, R. W. Moore, and . Joyner, Conduction velocity and spike configuration in myelinated fibres : computed dependence on internode distance, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, issue.8, pp.40769-774, 1977.

D. [. Caparso, J. M. Durand, and . Mansour, A Nerve Cuff Electrode for Controlled Reshaping of Nerve Geometry, Journal of Biomaterials Applications, vol.24, issue.3, 2008.
DOI : 10.1177/0885328208097426

C. [. Djilas, D. Azevedo-coste, and . Guiraud, YOSHIDA : Interpretation of muscle spindle afferent nerve response to passive muscle stretch recorded with thin-film longitudinal intrafascicular electrodes, IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng, 2009.

T. [. Guiraud, G. Stieglitz, and J. Taroni, Original electronic design to perform epimysial and neural stimulation in paraplegia, Journal of Neural Engineering, vol.3, issue.4, p.276, 2006.
DOI : 10.1088/1741-2560/3/4/004
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inria-00138151

N. [. Hines and . Carnevale, Neuron: A Tool for Neuroscientists, The Neuroscientist, vol.91, issue.2, pp.123-135, 2001.
DOI : 10.1177/107385840100700207

G. [. Horch and . Dhillon, Neuroprosthetics theory and practice, de Series on bioengineering & biomedical engineering. River Edge, NJ : World Scientific, 2004.
DOI : 10.1142/4987

]. J. Kca-+-05, M. Kybic, T. Clerc, O. Abboud, R. Faugeras et al., A common formalism for the integral formulations of the forward EEG problem, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol.24, pp.12-28, 2005.

H. [. Polasek, M. W. Hoyen, D. J. Keith, and . Tyler, Human Nerve Stimulation Thresholds and Selectivity Using a Multi-contact Nerve Cuff Electrode, IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, vol.15, issue.1, pp.76-82, 2007.
DOI : 10.1109/TNSRE.2007.891383

E. Njm-rijkhoff, . Koldewijn, K. Pev-van, F. Debruyne, H. Wijkstrazrdgt06a et al., Acute animal studies on the use of an anodal block to Mechanism of nerve conduction block induced by high-frequency biphasic electrical currents, IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, vol.12, issue.1, pp.532445-2454, 2006.

]. X. Zrdgt06b, J. R. Zhang, W. Roppolo, G. De, and C. Tai, Simulation analysis of conduction block in myelinated axons induced by high-frequency biphasic rectangular pulses, IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, vol.53, issue.7, pp.1433-1436, 2006.

J. Acceptées, D. Laforêt, and . Guiraud, Smooth muscle model for functional electrical stimulation applications, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2007.

J. Laforêt and D. Guiraud, Smooth Muscle Model For FES Applications : Simulation of realistic bladder, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2008.

J. Laforêt, D. Guiraud, C. Azevedo, and D. Andreu, Towards bladder function modeling : FES induced detrusor activity modelling, IFESS (International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society), 2008.

J. Laforêt, D. Guiraud, and M. Clerc, A toolchain to simulate and investigate selective stimulation strategies for FES, 2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2009.
DOI : 10.1109/IEMBS.2009.5334100

J. En-préparation, D. Laforêt, C. Guiraud, H. Azevedo-coste, D. Taillades et al., Smooth muscle modeling and experimental identification of parameters : Application to bladder modeling Model study for firing a nerve fibre selectively during a NeuroMuscular Electrical Stimulation ARNER : Urinary bladder contraction and relaxation : physiology and pathophysiology, Biological Cybernetics Jacquir IEEE Transaction on BioMedical Engineering Références bibliographiques Physiol Rev, vol.84, issue.3, pp.935-986, 2004.

D. [. Andreu, G. Guiraud, . Souquetags09-]-d, D. Andreu, and . Guiraud, Stimulation electrofonctionnelle : vers une architecture distribuée de stimulation neurale RS-JESA : Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés SOUQUET : A distributed architecture for activating the peripheral nervous system, Robotique et Handicap Journal of Neural Engineering, vol.41, issue.6218pp, pp.159-177026001, 2007.

P. [. Ali and C. Y. Pare, Models of contractile units and their assembly in smooth muscle, Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, vol.83, issue.10, pp.825-856, 2005.
DOI : 10.1139/y05-052

]. L. Bac77 and . Back, Left ventricular wall and fluid dynamics of cardiac contraction, Mathematical Biosciences, vol.36, issue.3-4, pp.257-297, 1977.

N. [. Bruns, K. J. Bhadra, and . Gustafson, Variable Patterned Pudendal Nerve Stimuli Improves Reflex Bladder Activation, IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, vol.16, issue.2, pp.140-148, 2008.
DOI : 10.1109/TNSRE.2007.914460
URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3375815

N. [. Bruns, K. J. Bhadra, and . Gustafson, Intraurethral stimulation for reflex bladder activation depends on stimulation pattern and location, Neurourology and Urodynamics, vol.37, issue.6, 2009.
DOI : 10.1002/nau.20703

K. [. Bruns, N. Gustafson, and . Bhadra, Reflex bladder activation via pudendal nerve and intraurethral stimulation depends on stimulation 117

C. [. Brindley, D. N. Polkey, and . Rushton, Sacral anterior root stimulators for bladder control in paraplegia, Paraplegia, vol.97, issue.6, pp.365-81, 1982.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1464-410X.1967.tb11787.x

]. G. Bri77 and . Brindley, An implant to empty the bladder or close the urethra, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, vol.40, issue.4, pp.358-69, 1977.

]. E. Bvlvr96, J. L. Bastiaanssen, L. Van, J. Vanderschoot, and P. A. Re-dert, A myocybernetic model of the lower urinary tract, J Theor Biol, vol.178, issue.2, pp.113-133, 1996.

S. [. Brill, J. W. Waxman, R. W. Moore, and . Joyner, Conduction velocity and spike configuration in myelinated fibres: computed dependence on internode distance., Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, vol.40, issue.8, pp.40769-774, 1977.
DOI : 10.1136/jnnp.40.8.769

R. [. Clerc, D. Veltz, and J. Guiraud, DIVOUX : The 3d potential induced by functional electrical stimulation with multi-contact cuff electrodes : simulation and validation, IFESS 2008, 13th Annual Conference of the International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society, pp.331-333, 2008.

]. W. De and G. , Integrative control of the lower urinary tract : preclinical perspective, Br J Pharmacol, vol.147, issue.2, pp.25-40, 2006.

. [. El and . Makssoud, Modélisation et Identification des Muscles Squelettiques sous Stimulation Electrique Fonctionnelle, Thèse de doctorat, 2005.

N. [. Hines and . Carnevale, Neuron: A Tool for Neuroscientists, The Neuroscientist, vol.91, issue.2, pp.123-135, 2001.
DOI : 10.1177/107385840100700207

G. [. Horch and . Dhillon, Neuroprosthetics theory and practice, de Series on bioengineering & biomedical engineering. River Edge, NJ : World Scientific, 2004.

R. [. Hai and . Murphy, Cross-bridge phosphorylation and regulation of latch state in smooth muscle, Am J Physiol, vol.254, issue.1, pp.99-106, 1988.

]. A. Hux57 and . Huxley, Muscle structure and theories of contraction, Prog Biophys Biophys Chem, vol.7, pp.255-318, 1957.

J. [. Jost, J. S. Gosling, and . Dixon, The morphology of normal human bladder urothelium, J Anat, vol.167, pp.103-118, 1989.

M. Koenigsberger, R. Sauser, M. Lamboley, J. L. Beny, and J. J. Meis-ter, Ca2+ Dynamics in a Population of Smooth Muscle Cells: Modeling the Recruitment and Synchronization, Biophysical Journal, vol.87, issue.1, pp.92-104, 2004.
DOI : 10.1529/biophysj.103.037853

D. [. Laforet, . Guiraud, and C. Maureen, A toolchain to simulate and investigate selective stimulation strategies for FES, 2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2009.
DOI : 10.1109/IEMBS.2009.5334100
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/lirmm-00412305

. Mes-+-08-]-f, E. Mounaim, M. Elzayat, J. Sawan, and M. M. Corcos, ELHILALI : New sacral neurostimulation strategy to enhance micturition in paraplegics : Acute dog experiments, IFESS 2008, 13th Annual Conference of the International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society, pp.22-24, 2008.

M. [. Mounaim and . Sawan, Miniature Implantable System Dedicated to Bi-Channel Selective Neurostimulation, 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, pp.2072-2075, 2007.
DOI : 10.1109/ISCAS.2007.378506

M. [. Mounaim, S. Sawan, and . Bedard, Implantable neuro-monitostimulation system dedicated to enhance the bladder functions, Proc. IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference BioCAS 2006, pp.198-201, 2006.

D. [. Parthimos, T. M. Edwards, and . Griffith, Minimal model of arterial chaos generated by coupled intracellular and membrane Ca2+ oscillators, Am J Physiol, vol.277, issue.3 2, pp.1119-1163, 1999.

]. M. Pos09 and . Possover, The sacral lion procedure for recovery of bladder/rectum/sexual functions in paraplegic patients after explantation of a previous finetech-brindley controller, J Minim Invasive Gynecol, vol.16, issue.1, pp.98-101, 2009.

A. Ruffion, D. Dembele, C. N-'goi, N. Morel-journel, and A. , LERICHE : [sacral root neuromodulation for the treatment of urinary incontinence reported to detrusor hyperactivity], Neurochirurgie, vol.49, issue.2 2, pp.377-382, 2003.

]. N. Rij04, RIJKHOFF : Neuroprostheses to treat neurogenic bladder dysfunction : current status and future perspectives, Childs Nerv Syst, vol.20, issue.2, pp.75-86, 2004.

E. Njm-rijkhoff, . Koldewijn, K. Pev-van, F. Debruyne, and H. Wijkstra, Acute animal studies on the use of an anodal block to reduce urethral resistance in sacral root stimulation, IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering, vol.2, issue.2, pp.92-99, 1994.
DOI : 10.1109/86.313150

A. [. Ruffion and . Leriche, Neuromodulation sacrée dans le traitement de l'incontinence urinaire. e-mémoires de l'Académie Nationale de Chirurgie, pp.49-52, 2005.

]. M. Rob08 and . Roberts, Neurophysiology in neurourology, Muscle Nerve, vol.38, issue.1, pp.815-836, 2008.

]. N. Rwvkd98, H. Rijkhoff, P. E. Wijkstra, K. Van, and F. M. Debruyne, Selective detrusor activation by sacral ventral nerve-root stimulation : results of intraoperative testing in humans during implantation of a Finetech-Brindley system, World J Urol, vol.16, issue.5, pp.337-378, 1998.

. R. Sbs-+-99-]-j, S. Scheepe, S. Bross, P. Schumacher, J. Braun et al., JÜNEMANN : Recording the evoked canine detrusor electromyogram, Neurourol Urodyn, vol.18, issue.6, pp.687-695, 1999.

N. [. Sweeney, T. A. Crawford, and . Brandon, Neuromuscular stimulation selectivity of multiple-contact nerve cuff electrode arrays, Spec No), pp.418-443, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02510525

]. C. Tdgr05, W. C. Tai, G. De, and J. R. Roppolo, Simulation analysis of conduction block in unmyelinated axons induced by high-frequency biphasic electrical currents, IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, vol.52, issue.7, pp.1323-1355, 2005.

N. [. Uranga, RIJKHOFF : A modified pulseshape for selective stimulation using anodal block, 6th Annual Conference of the International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society, pp.2-29, 2001.

G. [. Valentini, P. Besson, and . Nelson, [Mathematical model of micturition allowing a detailed analysis of free urine flowmetry], Prog Urol, vol.9, issue.2, pp.350-60, 1999.

F. Van, D. , P. F. Rosier, N. J. Rijkhoff, P. E. Van et al., A computer model of the neural control of the lower urinary tract, Neurourol Urodyn, vol.17, issue.3, pp.175-196, 1998.

W. [. Veraart, J. T. Grill, and . Mortimer, Selective control of muscle activation with a multipolar nerve cuff electrode, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol.40, issue.7, pp.640-53, 1993.
DOI : 10.1109/10.237694

N. [. Vuckovic and . Rijkhoff, Different pulse shapes for selective large fibre block in sacral nerve roots using a technique of anodal block: An experimental study, Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, vol.51, issue.6, pp.817-841, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02345216

. A. Vrs04, N. J. Vuckovic, and J. J. Rijkhoff, STRUIJK : Different pulse shapes to obtain small fiber selective activation by anodal blocking?a simulation study, IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, vol.51, issue.5, pp.698-706, 2004.

U. [. Wo´zniakwo´-wo´zniak, . Skowro´nskaskowro´, and . Skowro´nska, Comparative anatomy of pelvic plexus in cat, dog, rabbit, macaque and man, Anat Anz, vol.120, issue.5, pp.457-473, 1967.

P. [. Yu and H. J. Crago, CHIEL : A nonisometric kinetic model for smooth muscle, Am J Physiol, vol.272, issue.3, pp.1025-1064, 1997.

K. [. Yoshida and . Horch, Selective stimulation of peripheral nerve fibers using dual intrafascicular electrodes, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol.40, issue.5, pp.492-494, 1993.
DOI : 10.1109/10.243412

G. [. Yoshida and K. Kurstjens, HENNINGS : Experimental validation of the nerve conduction velocity selective recording technique using a multi-contact cuff electrode, Med Eng Phys, 2009.

]. G. Zah81, ZAHALAK : A distribution-moment approximation for kinetic theories of muscular contraction, Mathematical Biosciences, vol.55, issue.12, pp.89-114, 1981.

]. X. Zrdgt06a, J. R. Zhang, W. Roppolo, G. De, and C. Tai, Mechanism of nerve conduction block induced by high-frequency biphasic electrical currents, IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, vol.5312, issue.1, pp.2445-2454, 2006.

M. Clerc, R. Veltz, D. Guiraud, and J. Divoux, The 3d potential induced by functional electrical stimulation with multi-contact cuff electrodes : simulation and validation, IFESS 2008, 13th Annual Conference of the International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society, pp.331-333, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/lirmm-00344730

M. L. Hines and N. T. Carnevale, Neuron: A Tool for Neuroscientists, The Neuroscientist, vol.91, issue.2, pp.123-135, 2001.
DOI : 10.1177/107385840100700207

J. Laforet, D. Guiraud, and M. Clerc, A toolchain to simulate and investigate selective stimulation strategies for FES, 2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2009.
DOI : 10.1109/IEMBS.2009.5334100
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/lirmm-00412305