Elaboration, Characterization and process of conducting organic materials for chemical sensor development
Conception, Caractérisation et Mise en oeuvre de matériaux organiques conducteurs pour des applications dans le domaine des capteurs chimiques
Résumé
The main objective of this project was to prepare, study and test new generation of chemical sensors based on conducting polymer composite material. All the steps concerning the feasibility of the sensors have been studied. The active layer was made of composite containing intrinsically conducting polymers as polyaniline (Pani). The synthesis of the conducting composites was optimized and obtained with an environmental friendly process (no acid nor organic solvent) at low cost and thus easy to scale up. Several composites made of polyacrylate/polyaniline were obtained, parameters as dopant chemical nature and polyaniline content were studied. To answer the fundamental questions and to reach the applications mentioned, the structure and several physico-chemical properties (composite formulation, response to gas exposure, signal treatment...) were studied in details on samples and devices that are prepared and characterized in a systematic and controlled way. The procedure to test these new sensors has been optimized in a climatic chamber previously calibrated to control the temperature, the relative humidity and the ammonia concentration parameters. Performances of the sensors were then carried out in terms of reproducibility, sensibility, reversibility, selectivity... Effects of specific conditions as humidity, temperature, and more commonly ageing study were studied and the sensor response was recorded to certify the gas sensor safe for use in hazardous location.
This study demonstrated the feasibility of whole polymer (polyaniline composite) sensors to detect ammonia. Moreover, all the performances of this new chemical sensor are in line with the market needs in terms of response time, sensitivity, reproducibility. At last, these sensors introduce a breakthrough technology since their response is reversible with no need of servicing or calibration between two exposures. This feature is very interesting in terms of time-life and cost.
This study demonstrated the feasibility of whole polymer (polyaniline composite) sensors to detect ammonia. Moreover, all the performances of this new chemical sensor are in line with the market needs in terms of response time, sensitivity, reproducibility. At last, these sensors introduce a breakthrough technology since their response is reversible with no need of servicing or calibration between two exposures. This feature is very interesting in terms of time-life and cost.
L'objectif de nos travaux est la réalisation d'un capteur d'ammoniac ayant une couche sensible tout organique capable de détecter et de doser l'ammoniac sur site et en temps réel. L'ensemble des étapes nécessaires à la conception d'un capteur de la synthèse à l'évaluation des performances sont présentées. Les choix du matériau et de sa synthèse ont été faits dans le but de rendre la conception du capteur transférable en milieu industriel. Le matériau ainsi choisi a été caractérisé pour s'assurer de sa capacité à s'intégrer dans le dispositif de détection. La mise en place d'une chambre d'exposition a permis d'évaluer les performances des capteurs dans une atmosphère contrôlée en température, humidité relative et concentration en ammoniac. Une étude des grandeurs d'influence comme la température et l'humidité relative a été réalisée. Les performances des capteurs ainsi réalisés ayant pour couche sensible un composite tout polymère à base de polyaniline montrent que ces dispositifs, sans développement supplémentaire, peuvent déjà concurrencer les capteurs d'ammoniac sur le marché en termes d'étendue de mesure, de temps de réponse, de durée de vie... De plus, ces capteurs présentent un avantage non négligeable en levant le verrou technologique de la réversibilité des réponses permettant ainsi d'utiliser le capteur sans intervention extérieure entre deux mesures de pollution atmosphérique.
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