.. Dégazage-intermittentàintermittentà-débit-constant, 110 6.3.1 Quelques propriétés de l'´ emission des bulles, p.111

.. Etude-statistique-des-modes-de-dégazage, 117 6.4.1 Comportement global du système, p.119

. Relecture-des-résultats-dans-un-cadre-géophysique....., 127 6.5.1 Est-il pertinent de comparer du magma et du gel pour cheveux, 127 6.5.2 Quels résultats pourraientêtrepourraientêtre transposables en géophysique, p.128

B. Aharonov, E. Sparks, and D. , Rigidity phase transition in granular packings, Physical Review E, vol.60, issue.6, pp.6890-6896, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.60.6890

E. Aharonov and D. Sparks, Shear profiles and localization in simulations of granular materials, Physical Review E, vol.65, issue.5, pp.65-051302, 2002.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.051302

I. Albert, P. Tegzes, R. Albert, J. Sample, A. Barabasi et al., Stick-slip fluctuations in granular drag, Physical Review E, vol.64, issue.3, p.31307, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.64.031307

R. Albert, M. Pfeifer, A. Barabasi, and P. Schiffer, Slow Drag in a Granular Medium, Physical Review Letters, vol.82, issue.1, pp.205-208, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.205

R. Albert, P. Tegzes, B. Kahng, J. Sample, M. Pfeifer et al., Jamming and Fluctuations in Granular Drag, Physical Review Letters, vol.84, issue.22, pp.5122-5125, 2000.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.5122

P. Allard, M. Burton, and F. Muré, Spectroscopic evidence for a lava fountain driven by previously accumulated magmatic gas, Nature, vol.14, issue.7024, pp.407-410, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-4073(98)00078-8

Y. Amarouchène, J. Boudet, and H. Kellay, Dynamic Sand Dunes, Physical Review Letters, vol.86, issue.19, pp.4286-4289, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.4286

Y. Amarouchène, J. Boudet, and H. Kellay, Capillarylike Fluctuations at the Interface of Falling Granular Jets, Physical Review Letters, vol.100, issue.21, p.218001, 2008.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.218001

I. Aranson, L. Tsimring, F. Mallogi, and E. Clément, Nonlocal rheological properties of granular flows near a jamming limit, Physical Review E, vol.78, issue.3, pp.78-031303, 2008.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.78.031303

G. Barker and A. Mehta, Transient phenomena, self-diffusion, and orientational effects in vibrated powders, Physical Review E, vol.47, issue.1, pp.184-188, 1993.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.47.184

H. Barnes, Thixotropy???a review, Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, vol.70, issue.1-2, pp.1-33, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0377-0257(97)00004-9

G. Batchelor and A. Townsend, The Nature of Turbulent Motion at Large Wave-Numbers, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, 199, pp.238-255, 1949.
DOI : 10.1098/rspa.1949.0136

T. Baumberger, F. Heslot, and B. Perrin, Crossover from creep to inertial motion in friction dynamics, Nature, vol.367, issue.6463, pp.544-546, 1994.
DOI : 10.1038/367544a0

G. Baxter, R. Leone, and R. Behringer, Experimental Test of Time Scales in Flowing Sand, Europhysics Letters (EPL), vol.21, issue.5, pp.569-574, 1993.
DOI : 10.1209/0295-5075/21/5/011

R. Behringer, D. Bi, B. Chakraborty, S. Henkes, and R. Hartley, Why Do Granular Materials Stiffen with Shear Rate? Test of Novel Stress-Based Statistics, Physical Review Letters, vol.101, issue.26, 2008.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.268301

A. Belmonte, Self-oscillations of a cusped bubble rising through a micellar solution, Rheologica Acta, vol.39, issue.6, pp.554-559, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/s003970000098

E. Ben-naim, J. Knight, E. Nowak, H. Jaeger, and S. Nagel, Slow relaxation in granular compaction, Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena, vol.123, issue.1-4, pp.380-385, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-2789(98)00136-5

D. Bensimon, L. Kadanoff, S. Liang, B. Shraiman, and C. Tang, Viscous flows in two dimensions, Reviews of Modern Physics, vol.58, issue.4, pp.977-999, 1986.
DOI : 10.1103/RevModPhys.58.977

B. Berg and R. Harris, From data to probability densities without histograms, Computer Physics Communications, vol.179, issue.6, pp.443-448, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cpc.2008.03.010

E. Bertin and F. Bardou, From laser cooling to aging: A unified L??vy flight description, American Journal of Physics, vol.76, issue.7, pp.630-636, 2008.
DOI : 10.1119/1.2888543

J. Blower, J. Keating, H. Mader, and J. Phillips, Inferring volcanic degassing processes from vesicle size distributions, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.43, issue.8, pp.347-350, 2001.
DOI : 10.1029/2000GL012188

J. Blower, J. Keating, H. Mader, and J. Phillips, The evolution of bubble size distributions in volcanic eruptions, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, vol.120, issue.1-2, pp.1-23, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0377-0273(02)00404-3

L. Bocquet, E. Charlaix, S. Ciliberto, and J. Crassous, Moisture-induced ageing in granular media and the kinetics of capillary condensation, Nature, vol.396, pp.24-31, 1998.

L. Bocquet, E. Charlaix, and F. Restagno, Physics of humid granular media, Comptes Rendus Physique, vol.3, issue.2, pp.207-215, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1631-0705(02)01312-9

L. Bocquet, W. Losert, D. Shalk, T. Lubensky, and J. Gollub, Granular shear flow dynamics and forces: Experiment and continuum theory, Physical Review E, vol.65, issue.1, pp.65-011307, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.011307
URL : http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0012356

D. Bonamy, L. Laurent, P. Claudin, J. Bouchaud, and F. Daviaud, Electrical conductance of a 2D packing of metallic beads under thermal perturbation, Europhysics Letters (EPL), vol.51, issue.6, pp.614-620, 2000.
DOI : 10.1209/epl/i2000-00382-3
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/cea-01373882

D. Bonamy, L. Laurent, and F. Daviaud, Electrical conductance of a thermally perturbed packing : on the origin of granular fragility. Powders & Grains, c Swets & Zeitlinger, pp.77-80, 2001.

D. Bonn, H. Kellay, B. Amar, M. Meunier, and J. , Viscous Finger Widening with Surfactants and Polymers, Physical Review Letters, vol.75, issue.11, pp.2132-2135, 1995.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.2132

D. Bonn and J. Meunier, Viscoelastic Free-Boundary Problems: Non-Newtonian Viscosity vs Normal Stress Effects, Physical Review Letters, vol.79, issue.14, pp.2662-2665, 1997.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.2662

M. Bottiglieri, D. Martino, S. Falanga, M. Godano, and C. , Strombolian volcanic activity as an intermittent phenomenon, EPL (Europhysics Letters), vol.81, issue.4, p.49001, 2008.
DOI : 10.1209/0295-5075/81/49001

M. Bottiglieri, D. Martino, S. Falanga, M. Godano, C. Palo et al., Statistics of inter-time of Strombolian explosion-quakes, Europhysics Letters (EPL), vol.72, issue.3, pp.493-498, 2005.
DOI : 10.1209/epl/i2005-10258-0

T. Boutreux and P. De-gennes, Compaction of granular mixtures: a free volume model, Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, vol.244, issue.1-4, pp.59-67, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-4371(97)00236-7

J. Bruji´cbruji´c, P. Wang, C. Song, D. Johnson, O. Sindt et al., Granular dynamics in compaction and stress relaxation, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.95, 2005.

B. Cabane and S. Hénon, Liquides. Solution, dispersions, ´ emulsions, gels, 2003.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00530545

E. Caglioti, V. Loreto, H. Herrmann, and M. Nicodemi, A ???Tetris-Like??? Model for the Compaction of Dry Granular Media, Physical Review Letters, vol.79, issue.8, pp.1575-1578, 1997.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.1575

L. Caricchi, L. Burlini, P. Ulmer, T. Gerya, M. Vassalli et al., Non-Newtonian rheology of crystal-bearing magmas and implications for magma ascent dynamics, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.264, issue.3-4, pp.402-419, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.09.032

L. Caricchi, D. Giordano, L. Burlini, P. Ulmer, and C. Romano, Rheological properties of magma from the 1538 eruption of Monte Nuovo (Phlegrean Fields, Italy): An experimental study, Chemical Geology, vol.256, issue.3-4, pp.158-171, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.06.035

C. Cassar, M. Nicolas, and O. Pouliquen, Submarine granular flows down inclined planes, Physics of Fluids, vol.17, issue.10, p.17, 2005.
DOI : 10.1063/1.2069864

M. Cates, J. Wittmer, J. Bouchaud, and P. Claudin, Jamming, Force Chains, and Fragile Matter, Physical Review Letters, vol.81, issue.9, pp.1841-1844, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.1841

K. Chen, J. Cole, C. Conger, J. Draskovic, M. Lohr et al., Packing grains by thermal cycling, Nature, pp.442-257, 2006.

C. Chevalier, Dynamique et instabilité des interfaces grains/fluide dans les suspensions . Unpublished doctoral dissertation, 2007.

C. Chevalier, A. Lindner, and E. Clément, Destabilization of a Saffman-Taylor Fingerlike Pattern in a Granular Suspension, Physical Review Letters, vol.99, issue.17, 2007.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.174501
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00425317

R. Chhabra, Bubbles, Drops And Particles in Non-Newtonian Fluids, 2 nd Revised edition, 2006.

P. Claudin and J. Bouchaud, Static Avalanches and Giant Stress Fluctuations in Silos, Physical Review Letters, vol.78, issue.2, pp.231-234, 1997.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.231

E. Clément, J. Duran, and J. Rajchenbach, Experimental study of heaping in a two-dimensional ??????sand pile??????, Physical Review Letters, vol.69, issue.8, pp.1189-1192, 1992.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.1189

E. Clément, Y. Serero, J. Lanuza, J. Rajchenbach, and J. Duran, Fluctuating aspects of the pressure in a granular column. Powders & Grains, Balkema, pp.349-351, 1997.

S. Coppersmith, C. Liu, S. Majumdar, O. Narayan, and T. Witten, Model for force fluctuations in bead packs, Physical Review E, vol.53, issue.5, pp.4673-4685, 1996.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.53.4673

C. Poiré, E. Amar, and M. , Finger Behavior of a Shear Thinning Fluid in a Hele-Shaw Cell, Physical Review Letters, vol.81, issue.10, pp.2048-2051, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.2048

E. Corwin, E. Hoke, H. Jaeger, and S. Nagel, Temporal force fluctuations measured by tracking individual particles in granular materials under shear, Physical Review E, vol.77, issue.6, pp.77-061308, 2008.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.77.061308

E. Corwin, H. Jaeger, and S. Nagel, Structural signature of jamming in granular media, Nature, vol.327, issue.7045, pp.1075-1078, 2005.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.095703

C. Coste, Shearing of a confined granular layer: Tangential stress and dilatancy, Physical Review E, vol.70, issue.5, p.51302, 2004.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.70.051302
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01406731

Y. Couder, N. Gérard, and M. Rabaud, Narrow fingers in the Saffman-Taylor instability, Physical Review A, vol.34, issue.6, pp.5175-5178, 1986.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.34.5175

S. Courrech-du-pont, P. Gondret, B. Perrin, and M. Rabaud, Granular Avalanches in Fluids, Physical Review Letters, vol.90, issue.4, p.44301, 2003.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.044301

P. Coussot, Saffman???Taylor instability in yield-stress fluids, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol.380, p.63, 1999.
DOI : 10.1017/S002211209800370X

P. Coussot and C. Ancey, Rheophysical classification of concentrated suspensions and granular pastes, Physical Review E, vol.59, issue.4, pp.4445-4457, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.59.4445

P. Coussot and C. Ancey, Rhéophysique des pâtes et des suspensions, EDP Science, 2000.

P. Coussot, Q. Nguyen, H. Huynh, and D. Bonn, Avalanche Behavior in Yield Stress Fluids, Physical Review Letters, vol.88, issue.17, 2002.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.175501

J. Crassous, L. Bocquet, S. Ciliberto, and C. Laroche, Humidity effect on static aging of dry friction, Europhysics Letters (EPL), vol.47, issue.5, pp.562-567, 1999.
DOI : 10.1209/epl/i1999-00426-2

J. Crassous, M. Erpelding, and A. Amon, Diffusive Waves in a Dilating Scattering Medium, Physical Review Letters, vol.103, issue.1, 2009.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.013903
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00664489

F. Da-cruz, S. Emam, M. Prochnow, J. Roux, and F. Chevoir, Rheophysics of dense granular materials: Discrete simulation of plane shear flows, Physical Review E, vol.72, issue.2, pp.72-021309, 2005.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.021309

K. Daniels and R. Behringer, Hysteresis and Competition between Disorder and Crystallization in Sheared and Vibrated Granular Flow, Physical Review Letters, vol.94, issue.16, 2005.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.168001

K. Daniels and R. Behringer, Characterization of a freezing/melting transition in a vibrated and sheared granular medium, Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment, vol.2006, issue.07, 2006.
DOI : 10.1088/1742-5468/2006/07/P07018

O. Dauchot, G. Marty, and G. Biroli, Dynamical Heterogeneity Close to the Jamming Transition in a Sheared Granular Material, Physical Review Letters, vol.95, issue.26, 2005.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.265701
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00200735

P. De-gennes, Thermal expansion effects in a silo, Comptes Rendus de l'Acad??mie des Sciences - Series IIB - Mechanics-Physics-Astronomy, vol.327, issue.2-3, pp.267-274, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S1287-4620(99)80066-0

P. De-gennes, Tapping of Granular Packs: A Model Based on Local Two-Level Systems, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol.226, issue.1, pp.1-4, 2000.
DOI : 10.1006/jcis.2000.6798

M. Dhoriyani, K. Jonnalagadda, R. Kandikatla, and K. Rao, Silo music: Sound emission during the flow of granular materials through tubes, Powder Technology, vol.167, issue.2, pp.55-71, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.powtec.2006.06.005

R. Dickson, A. Cubitt, R. Tsien, and W. Moerner, On/Off bliking and switching behaviour of single molecules of green fluorescent protein, Nature, vol.388, pp.355-358, 1997.

J. Dijksmann and M. Van-hecke, Granular compaction : the role of the tap duration, 2009.

D. Dingwell, Volcanic Dilemma : Flow or Blow ? Science, pp.1054-1055, 1996.

T. Divoux, H. Gayvallet, and J. Géminard, Creep Motion of a Granular Pile Induced by Thermal Cycling, Physical Review Letters, vol.101, issue.14, p.148303, 2008.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.148303
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/ensl-00346818

T. Divoux and J. Géminard, Friction and Dilatancy in Immersed Granular Matter, Physical Review Letters, vol.99, issue.25, p.258301, 2007.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.258301
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/ensl-00178753

T. Divoux, I. Vassilief, H. Gayvallet, and J. Géminard, Ageing of a granular pile induced by thermal cycling, Proceedings of the 6 th international conference on powders and grains-Golden, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00517917

T. Divoux, V. Vidal, F. Melo, and J. Géminard, Acoustic emission associated with the bursting of a gas bubble at the free surface of a non-Newtonian fluid, Physical Review E, vol.77, issue.5, pp.77-056310, 2008.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.77.056310
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00281319

L. Djaoui and J. Crassous, Probing creep motion in granular materials with light scattering, Granular Matter, vol.7, issue.4, pp.185-190, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s10035-005-0210-5

C. Donati, J. Douglas, W. Kob, S. Plimpton, and P. P. Glotzer, Stringlike Cooperative Motion in a Supercooled Liquid, Physical Review Letters, vol.80, issue.11, pp.2338-2341, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.2338

J. Duran, Sables, poudres et grains. IntroductionàIntroduction`Introductionà la physique des milieux granulaires, Eyrolles Sciences, 1999.

M. Ediger, C. Angell, and S. Nagel, Supercooled Liquids and Glasses, The Journal of Physical Chemistry, vol.100, issue.31, pp.13200-13212, 1996.
DOI : 10.1021/jp953538d

P. Evesque and J. Rajchenbach, Instability in a Sand Heap, Physical Review Letters, vol.62, issue.1, pp.44-46, 1989.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.62.44

M. Falk and J. Langer, Dynamics of viscoplastic deformation in amorphous solids, Physical Review E, vol.57, issue.6, pp.7192-7205, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.57.7192

D. Fenistein, J. Van-de-meent, and M. Van-hecke, Universal and Wide Shear Zones in Granular Bulk Flow, Physical Review Letters, vol.92, issue.9, p.94301, 2004.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.094301

D. Fenistein and M. Van-hecke, Wide shear zone in granular bulk flow, Nature, pp.425-256, 2003.

A. Garcimartín, A. Guarino, L. Bellon, and S. Ciliberto, Statistical Properties of Fracture Precursors, Physical Review Letters, vol.79, issue.17, pp.3202-3205, 1997.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.3202

K. Gavrilov, Cluster model for compaction of vibrated granular materials, Physical Review E, vol.58, issue.2, pp.2107-2114, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.58.2107

H. Gayvallet and J. Géminard, Ageing of the avalanche angle in immersed granular matter, The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter, vol.30, issue.3, pp.369-375, 2002.
DOI : 10.1140/epjb/e2002-00391-6

G. Midi, On dense granular flows, The European Physical Journal E, vol.4, issue.4, pp.341-365, 2004.
DOI : 10.1140/epje/i2003-10153-0
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00000959

J. Geng and R. Behringer, Slow drag in two-dimensional granular media, Physical Review E, vol.71, issue.1, pp.71-011302, 2005.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.71.011302

J. Géminard, HabilitationàHabilitation`Habilitationà Diriger les Recherches : Quelques propriétés mécaniques des matériaux granulaires immergés, 2003.

J. Géminard and H. Gayvallet, Thermal conductivity of a partially wet granular material, Physical Review E, vol.64, issue.4, p.41301, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.64.041301

J. Géminard and W. Losert, Frictional properties of bidisperse granular matter: Effect of mixing ratio, Physical Review E, vol.65, issue.4, pp.65-041301, 2002.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.041301

J. Géminard, W. Losert, and J. Gollub, Frictional mechanics of wet granular material, Physical Review E, vol.59, issue.5, pp.5881-5890, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.59.5881

H. Gonnermann and M. Manga, Explosive volcanism may not be an inevitable consequence of magma fragmentation, Nature, vol.426, issue.6965, pp.432-435, 2003.
DOI : 10.1038/nature02138

H. Gonnermann and M. Manga, The Fluid Mechanics Inside a Volcano, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, vol.39, issue.1, pp.321-356, 2007.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.fluid.39.050905.110207

L. Gostiaux, H. Gayvallet, and J. Géminard, Dynamics of a gas bubble rising through a thin immersed layer of granular material: an experimental study, Granular Matter, vol.4, issue.2, pp.39-44, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s10035-002-0105-7

S. Guido and F. Greco, Drop shape under slow steady shear flow and during relaxation. Experimental results and comparison with theory, Rheologica Acta, vol.40, issue.2, pp.176-184, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/s003970000144

P. Hammer, N. Platt, S. Hammel, J. Heagy, and B. Lee, Experimental Observation of On-Off Intermittency, Physical Review Letters, vol.73, issue.8, p.1095, 1994.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.1095

N. Handzy and A. Belmonte, Oscillatory Rise of Bubbles in Wormlike Micellar Fluids with Different Microstructures, Physical Review Letters, vol.92, issue.12, 2004.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.124501

R. Hartley and R. Behringer, Logarithmic rate dependence of force networks in sheared granular materials, Nature, vol.25, issue.6926, pp.928-931, 2003.
DOI : 10.1038/23819

T. Hatano, Power-law friction in closely packed granular materials, Physical Review E, vol.75, issue.6, p.60301, 2007.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.75.060301

T. Hatano, Rheology of a dense granular media, Physics : Conf. Series, p.12015, 2007.

J. Heagy, N. Platt, S. R. Hammel, and H. Pinkerton, Characterization of on-off intermittency Bubble coalescence in basaltic lava : its impact on the evolution of bubble populations, Phys. Rev. E BIBLIOGRAPHIE Herd, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res, vol.49, issue.75, pp.137-157, 1140.

S. Hoover, K. Cashman, and M. Manga, The yield strength of subliquidus basalts ??? experimental results, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, vol.107, issue.1-3, pp.1-18, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00317-6

D. Howell, R. Behringer, and C. Veje, Fluctuations in granular media, Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science, vol.9, issue.3, pp.559-572, 1999.
DOI : 10.1063/1.166430

D. Howell, R. Behringer, and C. Veje, Stress Fluctuations in a 2D Granular Couette Experiment: A Continuous Transition, Physical Review Letters, vol.82, issue.26, pp.5241-5244, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.5241

N. Huang, G. Ovarlez, F. Bertrand, S. Rodts, P. Coussot et al., Flow of Wet Granular Materials, Physical Review Letters, vol.94, issue.2, p.28301, 2005.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.028301

B. Ildefonse, C. Allain, and P. Coussot, Des grandsécoulementsgrandsécoulements naturelsànaturels`naturelsà la dynamique du tas de sable ; introduction aux suspensions en géologie et en physique, 1997.

S. Iwata, Y. Yamada, T. Takashima, and H. Mori, Pressure-oscillation defoaming for viscoelastic fluid, Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, vol.151, issue.1-3, pp.30-37, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jnnfm.2007.12.001

H. Jaeger, S. Nagel, and R. Behringer, Granular solids, liquids, and gases, Reviews of Modern Physics, vol.68, issue.4, pp.1259-1273, 1996.
DOI : 10.1103/RevModPhys.68.1259

N. Jain, J. Ottino, and R. Lueptow, Effect of interstitial fluid on a granular flowing layer, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol.508, pp.23-44, 2004.
DOI : 10.1017/S0022112004008869

M. James, S. Lane, B. Chouet, and J. Gilbert, Pressure changes associated with the ascent and bursting of gas slugs in liquid-filled vertical and inclined conduits, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, vol.129, issue.1-3, pp.61-82, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00232-4

C. Jaupart, Physical models of volcanic eruptions, Chemical Geology, vol.128, issue.1-4, pp.217-227, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0009-2541(95)00175-1

C. Jaupart and C. &alì-egre, Gas content, eruption rate and instabilities of eruption regime in silicic volcanoes, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.102, issue.3-4, pp.413-429, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0012-821X(91)90032-D

C. Jaupart and S. Vergniolle, Laboratory models of Hawaiian and Strombolian eruptions, Nature, vol.331, issue.6151, pp.58-60, 1988.
DOI : 10.1038/331058a0

C. Jaupart and S. Vergniolle, The generation and collapse of a foam layer at the roof of a basaltic magma chamber, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol.27, pp.347-380, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0009-2509(72)80142-8

A. Jayaraman and A. Belmonte, Oscillations of a solid sphere falling through a wormlike miscellar fluid, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.67, p.65301, 2003.

J. Jenkins and S. Savage, A theory for the rapid flow of identical, smooth, nearly elastic, spherical particles, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol.157, issue.-1, pp.187-202, 1983.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1672048

P. Johnson, H. Savage, M. Knuth, J. Gomberg, and C. Marone, Effects of acoustic waves on stick???slip in granular media and implications for earthquakes, Nature, vol.104, issue.7174, pp.57-61, 2008.
DOI : 10.1038/nature06440

P. Jop, Y. Forterre, and O. Pouliquen, A constitutive law for dense granular flows, Nature, vol.94, issue.7094, pp.727-730, 2006.
DOI : 10.1038/nature04801
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01432178

A. Kabla and G. Debrégeas, Contact Dynamics in a Gently Vibrated Granular Pile, Physical Review Letters, vol.92, issue.3, p.35501, 2004.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.035501

B. Kahng, I. Albert, P. Schiffer, and A. Barabasi, Modeling relaxation and jamming in granular media, Physical Review E, vol.64, issue.5, p.51303, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.64.051303

I. Kliakhandler, Continuous chain of bubbles in concentrated polymeric solutions, Physics of Fluids, vol.14, issue.10, pp.3375-3379, 2002.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1501284

J. Knight, E. Ehrichs, V. Kuperman, J. Flint, H. Jaeger et al., Experimental study of granular convection, Physical Review E, vol.54, issue.5, pp.5726-5738, 1996.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.54.5726

J. Knight, C. Fandrich, C. Lau, H. Jaeger, and S. Nagel, Density relaxation in a vibrated granular material, Physical Review E, vol.51, issue.5, pp.3957-3963, 1995.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.51.3957

J. Knight, H. Jaeger, and S. Nagel, Vibration-induced size separation in granular media: The convection connection, Physical Review Letters, vol.70, issue.24, pp.3728-3731, 1993.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.70.3728

E. Kolb, T. Mazozi, E. Clément, and J. Duran, Force fluctuations in a vertically pushed granular column, The European Physical Journal B, vol.8, issue.3, pp.483-491, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/s100510050715

T. Komatsu, S. Inagaki, N. Nakagawa, and S. Nasuno, Creep Motion in a Granular Pile Exhibiting Steady Surface Flow, Physical Review Letters, vol.86, issue.9, pp.1757-1760, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.1757

G. Koval, J. Roux, A. Corfdir, and F. Chevoir, Annular shear of cohesionless granular materials: From the inertial to quasistatic regime, Physical Review E, vol.79, issue.2, pp.79-021306, 2009.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.79.021306

P. Krapivsky and E. Ben-naim, Collective properties of adsorption???desorption processes, The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.100, issue.9, pp.6778-6782, 1993.
DOI : 10.1063/1.467037

A. Kudrolli, Size separation in vibrated granular matter, Reports on Progress in Physics, vol.67, issue.3, pp.209-247, 2004.
DOI : 10.1088/0034-4885/67/3/R01

J. Kurchan, Séminaire donné au département de physique de l'ENS de Lyon, 2007.

F. Lacombe, S. Zapperi, and H. Herrmann, Dilatancy and friction in sheared granular media, The European Physical Journal E, vol.2, issue.2, pp.181-189, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/s101890050052

J. Larsen, M. Denis, and J. E. Gardner, Experimental study of bubble coalescence in rhyolitic and phonolitic melts, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.68, issue.2, pp.333-344, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00412-5

Y. Lavallée, P. Meredith, D. Dingwell, K. Hess, J. Wassermann et al., Seismogenic lavas and explosive eruption forecasting, Nature, vol.444, issue.7194, pp.507-510, 2008.
DOI : 10.1038/nature06980

F. Lechenault, O. Dauchot, G. Biroli, and &. Bouchaud, Critical scaling and heterogeneous superdiffusion across the jamming/rigidity transition of a granular glass, EPL (Europhysics Letters), vol.83, issue.4, p.46003, 2008.
DOI : 10.1209/0295-5075/83/46003
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01422407

A. Lindner, L'instabilité de Saffman-Taylor dans les fluides complexes : relation entre propriétés rhéologiques et la formation de motifs. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, 2000.

A. Lindner, D. Bonn, E. C. Poiré, B. Amar, M. Meunier et al., Viscous fingering in non-Newtonian fluids, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol.469, pp.237-256, 2002.
DOI : 10.1017/S0022112002001714

A. Lindner, P. Coussot, and D. Bonn, Viscous Fingering in a Yield Stress Fluid, Physical Review Letters, vol.85, issue.2, pp.314-317, 2000.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.314

S. Linz, Phenomenological modeling of the compaction dynamics of shaken granular systems, Physical Review E, vol.54, issue.3, pp.2925-2930, 1996.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.54.2925

S. Linz and A. Döhle, Minimal relaxation law for compaction of tapped granular matter, Physical Review E, vol.60, issue.5, pp.5737-5741, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.60.5737

A. Liu and S. Nagel, Jamming is not just cool any more, Nature, vol.396, issue.6706, pp.21-22, 1998.
DOI : 10.1038/23819

C. Liu, Spatial patterns of sound propagation in sand, Physical Review B, vol.50, issue.2, pp.782-794, 1994.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.50.782

C. Liu and S. Nagel, Sound in sand, Physical Review Letters, vol.68, issue.15, pp.2301-2304, 1992.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.2301

C. Liu and S. Nagel, Sound in a granular material: Disorder and nonlinearity, Physical Review B, vol.48, issue.21, pp.15646-15650, 1993.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.48.15646

C. Liu, S. Nagel, D. Schecter, S. Coppersmith, S. Majumdar et al., Force Fluctuations in Bead Packs, Science, vol.269, issue.5223, pp.513-515, 1995.
DOI : 10.1126/science.269.5223.513

E. Llewellin, H. Mader, and S. Wilson, The rheology of a bubbly liquid, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, pp.987-1016, 2002.
DOI : 10.1098/rspa.2001.0924

W. Losert, L. Bocquet, T. Lubensky, and J. Gollub, Particle Dynamics in Sheared Granular Matter, Physical Review Letters, vol.85, issue.7, pp.1428-1431, 2000.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.1428

W. Losert, J. Géminard, S. Nasuno, and J. Gollub, Mechanisms for slow strengthening in granular materials, Physical Review E, vol.61, issue.4, pp.61-4060, 2000.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.61.4060

M. Lubert and A. De-ryck, Slip events and dilatancy in a sheared fine noncohesive powder, Physical Review E, vol.63, issue.2, p.21502, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.63.021502

F. Ludewig, S. Dorbolo, and N. Vandewalle, Effect of friction in a toy model of granular compaction, Physical Review E, vol.70, issue.5, p.51304, 2004.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.70.051304

S. Luding, Structures and non-equilibrium dynamics in granular media, Comptes Rendus Physique, vol.3, issue.2, pp.153-161, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1631-0705(02)01308-7

G. Lumay and N. Vandewalle, Compaction of anisotropic granular materials: Experiments and simulations, Physical Review E, vol.70, issue.5, p.51314, 2004.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.70.051314

G. Lumay and N. Vandewalle, Experimental Study of Granular Compaction Dynamics at Different Scales: Grain Mobility, Hexagonal Domains, and Packing Fraction, Physical Review Letters, vol.95, issue.2, p.28002, 2005.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.028002

G. Lumay and N. Vandewalle, Experimental study of the compaction dynamics for two-dimensional anisotropic granular materials, Physical Review E, vol.74, issue.2, pp.74-021301, 2006.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.74.021301

S. Majumdar and A. Sood, Nonequilibrium Fluctuation Relation for Sheared Micellar Gel in a Jammed State, Physical Review Letters, vol.101, issue.7, 2008.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.078301

H. Makse, J. Bruji´cbruji´c, and S. Edwards, Statistical Mechanics of Jammed Matter, Disponible gratuitement sur, 2004.
DOI : 10.1002/352760362X.ch3

H. Makse, N. Gland, D. Johnson, and L. Schwartz, Granular packings: Nonlinear elasticity, sound propagation, and collective relaxation dynamics, Physical Review E, vol.70, issue.6, p.61302, 2004.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.70.061302
URL : http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0503053

C. Maloney and A. Lema??trelema??tre, Subextensive Scaling in the Athermal, Quasistatic Limit of Amorphous Matter in Plastic Shear Flow, Physical Review Letters, vol.93, issue.1, p.16001, 2004.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.016001

C. Maloney and A. Lema??trelema??tre, Amorphous systems in athermal, quasistatic shear, Physical Review E, vol.74, issue.1, p.74, 2006.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.74.016118

S. Manneville, Recent experimental probes of shear banding, Rheologica Acta, vol.103, issue.271, pp.301-318, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s00397-007-0246-z
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/ensl-00526277

G. Marty and O. Dauchot, Subdiffusion and Cage Effect in a Sheared Granular Material, Physical Review Letters, vol.94, issue.1, p.15701, 2005.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.015701
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00200738

S. Mazoyer, L. Cipelletti, and L. Ramos, Origin of the Slow Dynamics and the Aging of a Soft Glass, Physical Review Letters, vol.97, issue.23, p.238301, 2006.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.238301
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00021876

S. Mazoyer, L. Cipelletti, and L. Ramos, Direct-space investigation of the ultraslow ballistic dynamics of a soft glass, Physical Review E, vol.79, issue.1, pp.79-011501, 2009.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.79.011501
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00323837

M. Möbius, G. Katgert, and M. Van-hecke, Relaxation and flow in linearly sheared two-dimensional foams, EPL (Europhysics Letters), vol.90, issue.4, 2009.
DOI : 10.1209/0295-5075/90/44003

A. Mehta and G. Barker, Vibrated powders: A microscopic approach, Physical Review Letters, vol.67, issue.3, pp.394-397, 1991.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.67.394

O. Melnik and R. Sparks, Non linear dynamics of lava dome extrusion, Nature, vol.402, pp.37-41, 1999.

B. Miller, C. O-'hern, and R. Behringer, Stress Fluctuations for Continuously Sheared Granular Materials, Physical Review Letters, vol.77, issue.15, pp.3110-3113, 1996.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.3110

P. Møller, J. Mewis, and D. Bonn, Yield stress and thixotropy: on the difficulty of measuring yield stresses in practice, Soft Matter, vol.50, issue.4, pp.274-283, 2006.
DOI : 10.1039/b517840a

P. Møller, S. Rodts, M. Michels, and D. Bonn, Shear banding and yield stress in soft glassy materials, Physical Review E, vol.77, issue.4, pp.77-041507, 2008.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.77.041507

C. Moukarzel, Granular Matter Instability: A Structural Rigidity Point of View, Proceedings of Rigidity Theory and Applications, Fundamental Material Science Series, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/0-306-47089-6_8

C. Moukarzel, Isostatic Phase Transition and Instability in Stiff Granular Materials, Physical Review Letters, vol.81, issue.8, pp.1634-1637, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.1634

D. Mueth, H. Jaeger, and S. Nagel, Force distribution in a granular medium, Physical Review E, vol.57, issue.3, pp.3164-3169, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.57.3164

S. Nasuno, A. Kudrolli, A. Bak, and J. Gollub, Time-resolved studies of stick-slip friction in sheared granular layers, Physical Review E, vol.58, issue.2, pp.2161-2171, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.58.2161

S. Nasuno, A. Kudrolli, and J. Gollub, Friction in Granular Layers: Hysteresis and Precursors, Physical Review Letters, vol.79, issue.5, pp.949-952, 1997.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.949

A. Ngadi and J. Rajchenbach, Intermittencies in the Compression Process of a Model Granular Medium, Physical Review Letters, vol.80, issue.2, pp.273-276, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.273

M. Nicodemi, A. Coniglio, and H. Herrmann, Frustration and slow dynamics of granular packings, Physical Review E, vol.55, issue.4, pp.3962-3969, 1997.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.55.3962

M. Nicolas, P. Duru, and O. Pouliquen, Compaction of a granular material under cyclic shear, The European Physical Journal E, vol.3, issue.4, pp.309-314, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/s101890070001
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01441067

E. Nowak, J. Knight, E. Ben-naim, H. Jaeger, and S. Nagel, Density fluctuations in vibrated granular materials, Physical Review E, vol.57, issue.2, pp.1971-1982, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.57.1971

O. 'hern, C. Silbert, L. Liu, A. Nagel, and S. , Jamming at zero temperature and zero applied stress : The epitome of disorder, Phys. Rev. E, pp.68-011306, 2003.

S. Okumura, M. Nakamura, and A. Tsuchiyama, Shear-induced bubble coalescence in rhyolitic melts with low vesicularity, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.44, issue.20, p.20316, 2006.
DOI : 10.1029/2006GL027347

S. Okumura, M. Nakamura, A. Tsuchiyama, T. Nakano, and K. Uesugi, Evolution of bubble microstructure in sheared rhyolite: Formation of a channel-like bubble network, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.265, issue.5, 2008.
DOI : 10.1029/2007JB005362

P. Oswald, Rhéophysique ou comment coule lamatì ere, Editions Belin, 2005.

S. Ouagenouni and J. Roux, Compaction of Well-Coordinated Lubricated Granular Pilings, Europhysics Letters (EPL), vol.32, issue.5, pp.449-453, 1995.
DOI : 10.1209/0295-5075/32/5/012

S. Ouagenouni and J. Roux, Force distribution in frictionless granular packings at rigidity threshold, Europhysics Letters (EPL), vol.39, issue.2, pp.117-122, 1997.
DOI : 10.1209/epl/i1997-00324-1

E. Parfitt, A discussion of the mechanisms of explosive basaltic eruptions, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, vol.134, issue.1-2, pp.77-107, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.01.002

E. Parfitt and L. Wilson, Fundamentals of physical volcanology, 2008.

P. Philippe, Etude théorique et expérimentale de la densification des milieux granulaires . Unpublished doctoral dissertation, 2002.

P. Philippe and D. Bideau, Numerical model for granular compaction under vertical tapping, Physical Review E, vol.63, issue.5, pp.63-051304, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.63.051304
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00131673

P. Philippe and D. Bideau, Compaction dynamics of a granular medium under vertical tapping, Europhysics Letters (EPL), vol.60, issue.5, pp.677-683, 2002.
DOI : 10.1209/epl/i2002-00362-7

P. Philippe and D. Bideau, Granular Medium under Vertical Tapping: Change of Compaction and Convection Dynamics around the Liftoff Threshold, Physical Review Letters, vol.91, issue.10, p.104302, 2003.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.104302

H. Pinkerton and G. Norton, Rheological properties of basaltic lavas at sub-liquidus temperatures: laboratory and field measurements on lavas from Mount Etna, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, vol.68, issue.4, pp.307-323, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0377-0273(95)00018-7

Y. Pomeau and P. Manneville, Intermittent transition to turbulence in dissipative dynamical systems, Communications in Mathematical Physics, vol.20, issue.2, pp.189-197, 1980.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01197757

O. Pouliquen, M. Belzons, and M. Nicolas, Fluctuating Particle Motion during Shear Induced Granular Compaction, Physical Review Letters, vol.91, issue.1, p.14301, 2003.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.014301
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00134701

O. Pouliquen, C. Cassar, P. Jop, Y. Forterre, and M. Nicolas, Particle stress and viscous compaction during shear of dense suspensions, J. Stat. Mech, p.7020, 2006.

M. Rabaud, Y. Couder, and N. Gerard, Dynamics and stability of anomalous Saffman-Taylor fingers, Physical Review A, vol.37, issue.3, pp.935-947, 1988.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.37.935

F. Radjai, D. Wolf, M. Jean, and J. Moreau, Bimodal Character of Stress Transmission in Granular Packings, Physical Review Letters, vol.80, issue.1, pp.60-64, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.61
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01407369

J. Rajchenbach, Some remarks on the rheology of dense granular flows, The European Physical Journal E, vol.400, issue.4, pp.367-371, 2004.
DOI : 10.1140/epje/i2004-10025-1

F. Rödelsperger, A. Cenys, and H. Benner, On-Off Intermittency in Spin-Wave Instabilities, Physical Review Letters, vol.75, issue.13, p.2594, 1995.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.2594

P. Ribì-ere, P. Philippe, P. Richard, R. Delannay, and D. Bideau, Slow compaction of granular systems, Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, vol.17, issue.24, pp.2743-2754, 2005.
DOI : 10.1088/0953-8984/17/24/024

P. Ribì-ere, P. Richard, D. Bideau, and R. Delannay, Experimental compaction of anisotropic granular media, The European Physical Journal E, vol.65, issue.4, pp.415-420, 2005.
DOI : 10.1140/epje/i2004-10096-x

P. Ribì-ere, P. Richard, R. Delannay, and D. Bideau, Importance of convection in the compaction mechanisms of anisotropic granular media, Phys. Rev. E, pp.71-011304, 2005.

P. Ribì-ere, P. Richard, R. Delannay, D. Bideau, M. Toiya et al., Effect of rare events on out-of-equilibrium relaxation, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.95, 2005.

P. Ribì-ere, P. Richard, P. Philippe, D. Bideau, and R. Delannay, On the existence of stationary states during granular compaction, The European Physical Journal E, vol.102, issue.3, pp.249-253, 2007.
DOI : 10.1140/epje/e2007-00017-x

P. Richard, M. Nicodemi, R. Delannay, P. Ribì-ere, and D. Bideau, Slow relaxation and compaction of granular systems, Nature Materials, vol.339, issue.2, pp.121-128, 2005.
DOI : 10.1038/31189
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01123907

P. Richard, P. Philippe, F. Barbe, S. Bourì-es, X. Thibault et al., Analysis by x-ray microtomography of a granular packing undergoing compaction, Physical Review E, vol.68, issue.2, pp.68-020301, 2003.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.68.020301
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00124347

M. Ripepe, Evidence for gas influence on volcanic seismic signals recorded at Stromboli, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, vol.70, issue.3-4, pp.221-233, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0377-0273(95)00057-7

M. Ripepe, S. Ciliberto, D. Schiava, and M. , Time constraints for modeling source dynamics of volcanic explosions at Stromboli, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.102, issue.3, pp.8713-8727, 2001.
DOI : 10.1029/2000JB900374

M. Ripepe and E. Gordeev, Gas bubble dynamics model for shallow volcanic tremor at Stromboli, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.102, issue.B5, pp.639-10654, 1999.
DOI : 10.1029/98JB02734

M. Ripepe, A. J. Harris, and R. Carniel, Thermal, seismic and infrasonic evidences of variable degassing rates at Stromboli volcano, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, vol.118, issue.3-4, pp.285-297, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0377-0273(02)00298-6

M. Ripepe, P. Poggi, T. Braun, and E. Gordeev, Infrasonic waves and volcanic tremor at Stromboli, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.53, issue.2, pp.181-184, 1996.
DOI : 10.1029/95GL03662

P. Rognon and C. Gay, Dense granular flows : two-particle argument accounts for friction-like constitutive law with threshold, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00321847

P. Rognon and C. Gay, Soft dynamics simulation : normal approach of deformable particles in a viscous fluid, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00262099

A. Rust and M. Manga, Bubble Shapes and Orientations in Low Re Simple Shear Flow, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol.249, issue.2, pp.476-480, 2002.
DOI : 10.1006/jcis.2002.8292

A. Rust and M. Manga, Effects of bubble deformation on the viscosity of dilute suspensions, Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, vol.104, issue.1, pp.53-63, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0377-0257(02)00013-7

P. Saffman and G. Taylor, The penetration of a fluid into a porous medium or Hele-Shaw cell containing a more viscous liquid, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, pp.312-329, 1958.

T. Scheller, C. Huss, G. Lumay, N. Vandewalle, and S. Dorbolo, Precursors to avalanches in a granular monolayer, Physical Review E, vol.74, issue.3, pp.74-031311, 2006.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.74.031311

M. Schröter, D. Goldman, and H. Swinney, Stationary state volume fluctuations in a granular medium, Physical Review E, vol.71, issue.3, p.30301, 2005.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.71.030301

H. Schuster, Deterministic Chaos, 2008.
DOI : 10.1002/3527604804

K. Shundyak, M. Van-hecke, and W. Van-saarloos, Force mobilization and generalized isostaticity in jammed packings of frictional grains, Physical Review E, vol.75, issue.1, p.10301, 2007.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.75.010301

S. Siavoshi, A. Orpe, and A. Kudrolli, Friction of a slider on a granular layer: Nonmonotonic thickness dependence and effect of boundary conditions, Physical Review E, vol.73, issue.1, p.10301, 2006.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.73.010301

S. Slotterback, M. Toiya, L. Goff, J. Douglas, and W. Losert, Correlation between Particle Motion and Voronoi-Cell-Shape Fluctuations during the Compaction of Granular Matter, Physical Review Letters, vol.101, issue.25, p.258001, 2008.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.258001

M. Sostarecz and A. Belmonte, Dynamics Inside Polymer Drops: From Dimple to Rayleigh Instability to Torus, Physics of Fluids, vol.15, issue.9, p.5, 2003.
DOI : 10.1063/1.4739209

M. Sostarecz and A. Belmonte, Motion and shape of a viscoelastic drop falling through a viscous fluid, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol.497, pp.235-252, 2003.
DOI : 10.1017/S0022112003006621

F. Stefani, J. Hoogenboom, and E. Barkai, Beyond quantum jumps: Blinking nanoscale light emitters, Physics Today, vol.62, issue.2, pp.34-39, 2009.
DOI : 10.1063/1.3086100

P. Thompson and G. Grest, Granular flow: Friction and the dilatancy transition, Physical Review Letters, vol.67, issue.13, pp.1751-1754, 1991.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.67.1751

M. Toiya, J. Stambaugh, and W. Losert, Transient and Oscillatory Granular Shear Flow, Physical Review Letters, vol.93, issue.8, p.88001, 2004.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.088001

J. Tsai, G. Voth, and J. Gollub, Internal Granular Dynamics, Shear-Induced Crystallization, and Compaction Steps, Physical Review Letters, vol.91, issue.6, p.64301, 2003.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.064301

A. Tufaile and J. Sartorelli, Bubble and spherical air shell formation dynamics, Physical Review E, vol.66, issue.5, pp.66-056204, 2002.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.056204

S. Ulrich, M. Scröter, and H. Swinney, Influence of friction on granular segregation, Physical Review E, vol.76, issue.4, pp.76-042301, 2007.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.76.042301

P. Umbanhowar and M. Van-hecke, Force dynamics in weakly vibrated granular packings, Physical Review E, vol.72, issue.3, p.30301, 2005.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.030301

B. Utter and R. Behringer, Experimental Measures of Affine and Nonaffine Deformation in Granular Shear, Physical Review Letters, vol.100, issue.20, 2008.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.208302

N. Vandewalle, G. Lumay, O. Gerasimov, and F. Ludewig, The influence of grain shape, friction and cohesion on granular compaction dynamics, The European Physical Journal E, vol.73, issue.3, pp.241-248, 2007.
DOI : 10.1140/epje/e2007-00031-0

L. Vanel and E. Clément, Pressure screening and fluctuations at the bottom of a granular column, The European Physical Journal B, vol.11, issue.3, pp.525-533, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/s100510050965

G. Varas, V. Vidal, and J. Géminard, Dynamics of crater formations in immersed granular materials, Physical Review E, vol.79, issue.2, pp.79-021301, 2009.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.79.021301

W. Vargas and J. Mccarthy, Heat conduction in granular materials, AIChE Journal, vol.121, issue.5, pp.1052-1059, 2001.
DOI : 10.1002/aic.690470511

W. Vargas and J. Mccarthy, Thermal expansion effects and heat conduction in granular materials, Physical Review E, vol.76, issue.4, pp.76-041301, 2007.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.76.041301

C. Veje, D. Howell, and R. Behringer, Kinematics of a two-dimensional granular Couette experiment at the transition to shearing, Physical Review E, vol.59, issue.1, pp.739-745, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.59.739

S. Vergniolle, Volcano instability, short course MTU, 2007.

S. Vergniolle, M. Boichu, and J. Caplan-auerbach, Acoustic measurements of the 1999 basaltic eruption of Shishaldin volcano, 2004.

S. Vergniolle and G. Brandeis, Origin of the sound generated by Strombolian explosions, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.45, issue.2, pp.1959-1962, 1994.
DOI : 10.1029/94GL01286

S. Vergniolle and G. Brandeis, Strombolian explosions: 1. A large bubble breaking at the surface of a lava column as a source of sound, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.45, issue.B9, pp.20433-20447, 1996.
DOI : 10.1029/96JB01178

S. Vergniolle, G. Brandeis, and J. Mareschal, Strombolian explosions: 2. Eruption dynamics determined from acoustic measurements, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.45, issue.B9, pp.20449-20466, 1996.
DOI : 10.1029/96JB01925

S. Vergniolle and J. Caplan-auerbach, Acoustic measurements of the 1999 basaltic eruption of Shishaldin volcano, Alaska ; 2. Precursor to subplinian phase, J. Geophys. Res, vol.137, pp.135-151, 2004.

S. Vergniolle and C. Jaupart, Dynamics of degassing at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.16, issue.1, pp.2793-2809, 1990.
DOI : 10.1029/JB095iB03p02793

P. Viklander, Laboratory study of stone heave in till exposed to freezing and thawing. Cold Regions Science and Technology, pp.141-152, 1998.

F. Villaruel, B. Lauderdale, D. Mueth, and H. Jaeger, Compaction of rods: Relaxation and ordering in vibrated, anisotropic granular material, Physical Review E, vol.61, issue.6, pp.61-6914, 2000.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.61.6914

B. Voight, R. Hoblitt, A. Clarke, A. Lockhart, A. Miller et al., Remarkable cyclic ground deformation monitored in real-time on Montserrat, and its use in eruption forecasting, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.272, issue.18, pp.3405-3408, 1998.
DOI : 10.1029/98GL01160

B. Voight, A. Linde, I. Sacks, G. Mattioli, R. Sparks et al., Unprecedented pressure increase in deep magma reservoir triggered by lava-dome collapse, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.169, issue.34, pp.3405-3408, 2006.
DOI : 10.1029/2005GL024870

D. Wang, W. Ma, Y. Niu, X. Chang, and Z. Wen, Effect of cyclic freezing and thawing on mechanical properties of Qinghai-Tibet clay. Cold Regions Science and Technology, pp.34-43, 2007.

S. Webb and D. Dingwell, Non-Newtonian rheology of igneous melts at high stresses and strain rates: Experimental results for rhyolite, andesite, basalt, and nephelinite, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.106, issue.96, pp.15695-15701, 1990.
DOI : 10.1029/JB095iB10p15695

E. Weeks, &. Maruyama, and . Tokuyama, Soft jammed materials, Statistical Physics of Complex Fluids, pp.2-3, 2007.

E. Weeks, J. Crocker, A. Levitt, A. Schofield, and D. Weitz, Three-Dimensional Direct Imaging of Structural Relaxation Near the Colloidal Glass Transition, Science, vol.287, issue.5453, pp.627-631, 2000.
DOI : 10.1126/science.287.5453.627

A. Woods and T. Koyaguchi, Transitions between explosive and effusive eruptions of silicic magmas, Nature, vol.370, issue.6491, pp.641-644, 1994.
DOI : 10.1038/370641a0

F. Zhang and S. Thoroddsen, Satellite generation during bubble coalescence, Physics of Fluids, vol.20, issue.2, p.22104, 2008.
DOI : 10.1063/1.2835664.3

G. Zocchi, B. E. Shaw, A. Libchaber, and L. Kadanoff, Finger narrowing under local perturbations in the Saffman-Taylor problem, Physical Review A, vol.36, issue.4, pp.1894-1900, 1987.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.36.1894

G. Zumofen, J. Hohlbein, and C. Hubner, Recurrence and Photon Statistics in Fluorescence Fluctuation Spectroscopy, Physical Review Letters, vol.93, issue.26, 1993.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.260601

I. Zuriguel, J. Boudet, Y. Amarouchène, and H. Kellay, Role of Fluctuation-Induced Interactions in the Axial Segregation of Granular Materials, Physical Review Letters, vol.95, issue.25, p.258002, 2005.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.258002