«. Le, Cela fera mieux que de vous aider à passer le temps ; la lecture changera la nature de vos relations avec autrui ; elle déterminera en vous des perceptions plus rapides, de nouveaux concepts et de nouvelles formes de pensée, car sa fonction principale est de vous éveiller. Et grâce à la lecture vous découvrirez en vous-même, 1890.

M. Abe and M. Et-hori, Robust pointing by XPath language: authoring support and empirical evaluation, 2003 Symposium on Applications and the Internet, 2003. Proceedings., pp.156-187, 2003.
DOI : 10.1109/SAINT.2003.1183044

D. Abrams, R. Baecker, and M. Et-chignell, Information archiving with bookmarks, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, CHI '98, pp.41-48, 1998.
DOI : 10.1145/274644.274651

M. S. Ackerman, V. Wulf, and V. Et-pipek, Sharing expertise: Beyond knowledge management, p.147, 2003.

A. Adler, A. Gujar, B. L. Harrison, K. O-'hara, and A. Et-sellen, A diary study of work-related reading, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, CHI '98, pp.241-248, 1998.
DOI : 10.1145/274644.274679

M. J. Adler and C. Van-doren, How to read a book, pp.10-24, 1972.

M. Agosti, M. Agosti, and A. F. Et-smeaton, An Overview of Hypertext, éditeurs : Information Retrieval and Hypertext, pp.27-47, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4613-1373-1_2

M. Agosti and N. Et-ferro, Annotations as Context for Searching Documents, CoLIS'05: Proceedings of the 5 th International Conference on Conceptions of Library and Information Sciences, pp.155-170, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/11495222_13

M. Agosti and N. Et-ferro, Search Strategies for Finding Annotations and Annotated Documents: The FAST Service, FQAS'06: Proceedings of the 7 th International Conference on Flexible Query Answering Systems, pp.270-281, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/11766254_23

M. Agosti and N. Et-ferro, A formal model of annotations of digital content, ACM Transactions on Information Systems, vol.26, issue.1, pp.32-39, 2007.
DOI : 10.1145/1292591.1292594

M. Agosti, N. Ferro, and N. Et-orio, Annotating illuminated manuscripts, Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries , JCDL '05, pp.121-130, 2005.
DOI : 10.1145/1065385.1065412

F. Azouaou, C. Desmoulins, and D. Et-mille, Formalismes pour une mémoire de formation à base d'annotations : articuler sémantique implicite et explicite, Actes de la conférence EIAH 2003, pp.43-54, 2003.

C. Baber, J. Cross, F. Yang, and P. Smith, Supporting Shared Analysis for Mobile Investigators, In Boujut, pp.11-20, 2005.

R. A. Baeza-yates and B. A. Et-ribeiro-neto, Modern information retrieval, pp.54-75, 1999.

J. Ballay, Nous sommes tous des travailleurs du savoir. L'Expansion Management Review, pp.94-101, 2002.

F. Barcellini, F. Détienne, and J. Et-burkhardt, Annotation et éléments discursifs dans les discussions en ligne de projets Open Source : analyse des pratiques de citation électronique, chapitre 4, pp.91-108, 2007.

D. Bargeron, A. Gupta, and A. J. Et-brush, A Common Annotation Framework, pp.31-32, 2001.

T. Berners-lee, J. Hendler, and O. Et-lassila, The Semantic Web, Scientific American, vol.284, issue.5, pp.34-43, 2001.
DOI : 10.1038/scientificamerican0501-34

R. Boardman and M. A. Et-sasse, "Stuff goes into the computer and doesn't come out", Proceedings of the 2004 conference on Human factors in computing systems , CHI '04, pp.583-590, 2004.
DOI : 10.1145/985692.985766

P. Bottoni, R. Civica, S. Levialdi, L. Orso, E. Panizzi et al., MADCOW, Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces , AVI '04, pp.55-62, 2004.
DOI : 10.1145/989863.989870

P. Bottoni, S. Levialdi, and P. Et-rizzo, An Analysis and Case Study of Digital Annotation, éditeur : DNIS'03: Proceedings of the 3 rd International Workshop on Databases in Networked Information Systems, volume 2822 de LNCS, pp.216-230, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-39845-5_18

H. Bouchet, La cybersurveillance sur les lieux de travail. Rapport technique, CNIL, 2004.

J. Boujut, F. Darses, and S. Et-guibert, Etude des annotations en situation collaborative de conception mécanique, pp.127-152, 2007.

C. Boulanger, F. Decortis, and P. Et-leclercq, Annotations et architecture, pp.109-126, 2007.

V. Bouthors, O. Et-dedieu, S. Abiteboul, and A. Et-vercoustre, Pharos, a Collaborative Infrastructure for Web Knowledge Sharing, éditeurs : ECDL'99 : Proceedings of the 3 rd European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries, pp.215-233, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-48155-9_15
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inria-00072992

N. O. Bouvin, Unifying strategies for Web augmentation, Proceedings of the tenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and hypermedia : returning to our diverse roots returning to our diverse roots, HYPERTEXT '99, pp.91-100, 1999.
DOI : 10.1145/294469.294493

N. O. Bouvin, P. T. Zellweger, K. Grønbaek, and J. D. Et-mackinlay, Fluid annotations through open hypermedia, Proceedings of the eleventh international conference on World Wide Web , WWW '02, pp.160-171, 2002.
DOI : 10.1145/511446.511468

M. Boyer, M. Canut, M. Chevalier, A. Péninou, and F. Et-sèdes, Cartographie de l'organisation : une approche topologique des connaissances, EGC'07 : actes des 7 e journées Extraction et Gestion des Connaissances, volume RNTI-E-9 de Revue des Nouvelles Technologies de l'Information, pp.557-568, 2007.

S. Bringay, C. Barry, and J. Et-charlet, Les documents et les annotations du dossier patient hospitalier. Information -Interaction -Intelligence, pp.191-211, 2004.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/sic_00001024

S. Bringay, C. Barry, and J. Et-charlet, A specific tool of Annotations for the Electronic Health Record, In Boujut, pp.21-30, 2005.

S. Bringay, C. Barry, and J. Et-charlet, Un modèle pour les annotations du dossier patient informatisé, pp.47-68, 2007.

A. J. Brush, Annotating Digital Documents for Asynchronous Collaboration, pp.31-36, 2002.

A. J. Brush, D. Bargeron, J. Grudin, A. Borning, and A. Gupta, Supporting interaction outside of class, Proceedings of the Conference on Computer Support for Collaborative Learning Foundations for a CSCL Community, CSCL '02, pp.425-434, 2002.
DOI : 10.3115/1658616.1658676

M. R. Brust and S. Et-rothkugel, On Anomalies in Annotation Systems, The Third Advanced International Conference on Telecommunications (AICT'07), pp.3-38, 2007.
DOI : 10.1109/AICT.2007.33

G. Cabanac, Interface de classification de signets Web Rapport de stage de DUT, IRIT, Stage encadré par Max Chevalier et Christine Julien, pp.75-134, 2002.

G. Cabanac, Annotation de ressources électroniques sur le Web : formes et usages, pp.37-123, 2005.

G. Cabanac, Annotation collective dans le contexte RI : définition d'une plate-forme pour expérimenter la validation sociale, CORIA/RJCRI'08 : 3 e Rencontres Jeunes Chercheurs en Recherche d'Information, pp.385-392, 2008.

G. Cabanac, Interface multi-facettes d'accès au capital documentaire de l'organisation, IN- FORSID'08 : 26 e congrès de l'INFormatique des Organisations et Systèmes d'Information et de Décision, pp.69-84, 2008.

G. Cabanac, M. Chevalier, C. Chrisment, and C. Et-julien, A Social Validation of Collaborative Annotations on Digital Documents, Boujut (2005), pp.31-40, 2005.

G. Cabanac, M. Chevalier, C. Chrisment, and C. Et-julien, L'architecture CoMED pour la gestion collective de documents électroniques dans l'organisation, Zreik, K. et Vanoirbeek, C., éditeurs : CIDE'06 : 9 e Colloque International sur le Document Électronique, pp.237-252, 2006.

G. Cabanac, M. Chevalier, C. Chrisment, and C. Et-julien, Validation sociale d'annotations collectives : argumentation bipolaire graduelle pour la théorie sociale de l'information, INFORSID'06 : 24 e congrès de l'INFormatique des Organisations et Systèmes d'Information et de Décision Éditions Inforsid. Cité 2 fois, pp.467-482, 2006.

G. Cabanac, M. Chevalier, C. Chrisment, C. Et-julien, R. Wagner et al., An Original Usage-Based Metrics for Building a Unified View of Corporate Documents, éditeurs : DEXA'07: Proceedings of the 18 th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications, pp.202-212, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-74469-6_21

G. Cabanac, M. Chevalier, C. Chrisment, and C. Et-julien, Collective Annotation: Perspectives for Information Retrieval Improvement, RIAO'07: Proceedings of the 8 th conference on Information Retrieval and its Applications. CID. Cité 4 fois, pp.48-61, 2007.

G. Cabanac, M. Chevalier, C. Chrisment, and C. Et-julien, Valoriser et intégrer les activités documentaires de l'organisation grâce à l'annotation collective de documents électroniques, VSST'07 : actes du 5 e colloque Veille Stratégique, p.51, 2007.

J. J. Cadiz, A. Gupta, and J. Et-grudin, Using Web annotations for asynchronous collaboration around documents, Proceedings of the 2000 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work , CSCW '00, pp.309-318, 2000.
DOI : 10.1145/358916.359002

S. Carter, E. Churchill, L. Denoue, J. Helfman, and L. Et-nelson, Digital graffiti, Extended abstracts of the 2004 conference on Human factors and computing systems , CHI '04, pp.1207-1210, 2004.
DOI : 10.1145/985921.986025

T. Catlin, P. Bush, and N. Et-yankelovich, InterNote: extending a hypermedia framework to support annotative collaboration, Proceedings of the second annual ACM conference on Hypertext , HYPERTEXT '89, pp.365-378, 1989.
DOI : 10.1145/74224.74252

C. Cayrol and M. Et-lagasquie-schiex, Bipolarité en argumentation, Report, p.100, 2004.

C. Cayrol and M. Et-lagasquie-schiex, Gradual Valuation for Bipolar Argumentation Frameworks, éditeur : ECSQARU'05: Proceedings of the 8 th European Conference on Symbolic and Qualitative Approaches to Reasoning and Uncertainty, pp.366-377, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/11518655_32

C. Cayrol and M. Et-lagasquie-schiex, Graduality in Argumentation, J. Artif. Intell. Res, vol.23, pp.245-297, 2005.

C. Chen, Information visualization: Beyond the horizon, pp.19-88, 2006.

M. Chevalier, Interface adaptative pour l'aide à la recherche d'information sur le Web, Thèse de doctorat, pp.65-75, 2002.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00350508

M. Chevalier and C. Et-julien, Interface adaptative et coopérative pour l'aide à la Recherche d'Information sur le Web. Information -Interaction -Intelligence, pp.47-73, 2003.

M. Chevalier, C. Julien, and C. Et-soulé-dupuy, Profils usagers pour la recherche d'information ? Pertinence de leur usage ?, pp.81-93, 2008.

M. Chevalier and M. Verlhac, ISIDOR: A Visualisation Interface for Advanced Information Retrieval, ICEIS'00: Proceedings of the 2 th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, pp.414-418, 2000.

E. F. Churchill, J. Trevor, S. Bly, L. Nelson, and D. Et-cubranic, Anchored conversations, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems , CHI '00, pp.454-461, 2000.
DOI : 10.1145/332040.332475

A. Ciaccia, Recherche d'informations sur le Web ? Analyse cognitive du rôle des connaissances de l'utilisateur, In Lopistéguy et Tricot, pp.67-79, 2008.

J. Clark, S. Et-derose, and . Éditeurs, XML Path Language (XPath) ? Version 1.0. W3C. Cité 1 fois, p.30, 1999.

J. Cohen, A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales, Educational and Psychological Measurement, vol.20, issue.1, pp.37-46, 1960.
DOI : 10.1177/001316446002000104

J. R. Davis and D. P. Et-huttenlocher, Conote: small group annotation experiment, 1994.

J. R. Davis and D. P. Et-huttenlocher, Shared annotation for cooperative learning, The first international conference on Computer support for collaborative learning, CSCL '95, pp.84-88, 1995.
DOI : 10.3115/222020.222073

A. De-tocqueville, La Démocratie en Amérique, volume 1. deuxième partie. Cité 1 fois, p.62, 1835.

P. Denjean, Interrogation d'un Système Vidéotex Arborescent : l'indexation des textes, Thèse de doctorat, p.54, 1989.

L. Denoue, De la création à la capitalisation des annotations dans un espace personnel d'informations, Thèse de doctorat, pp.26-30, 2000.

L. Denoue, Yawas for Firefox. http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-annotation, p.37, 2005.

L. Denoue and L. Vignollet, An annotation tool for Web browsers and its applications to information retrieval, RIAO'00: Proceedings of the 6 th international conference on Information Retrieval and its Applications, pp.180-196, 2000.

L. Denoue and L. Vignollet, L'importance des annotations - Application ?? la classification des documents du web, Document num??rique, vol.4, issue.1-2, pp.37-57, 2000.
DOI : 10.3166/dn.4.1-2.35-57

E. Desmontils, C. Jacquin, and L. Et-simon, Dinosys: An Annotation Tool for Web-Based Learning, éditeurs : ICWL'04, pp.59-66, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-27859-7_8
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00444434

P. A. Dmitriev, N. Eiron, M. Fontoura, and E. Et-shekita, Using annotations in enterprise search, Proceedings of the 15th international conference on World Wide Web , WWW '06, pp.811-817, 2006.
DOI : 10.1145/1135777.1135900

N. Donin and J. Et-theureau, Annotation de la partition par le musicien et (re)distribution de son attention en situation de répétition, pp.173-204, 2007.

R. Doumat, E. Egyed-zsigmong, and J. Et-pinon, Réutilisation des traces d'utilisation dans un système d'annotation de manuscrits, In Lopistéguy et Tricot, pp.43-53, 2008.

B. Dousset, Intégration de méthodes interactives de découverte de connaissances pour la veille stratégique . Habilitation à diriger des recherches, p.20, 2003.

P. F. Drucker, Landmarks of tomorrow: A report on the new " post-modern " world. Transaction. Cité 1 fois, p.7, 1959.

P. M. Dung, On the acceptability of arguments and its fundamental role in nonmonotonic reasoning, logic programming and n-person games, Artificial Intelligence, vol.77, issue.2, pp.321-357, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0004-3702(94)00041-X

D. Degranges and C. , Célébrations narcissiques. WebLettres, 103, p.24, 2003.

P. Eades, A Heuristic for Graph Drawing Cité 1 fois, Congressus Numerantium, vol.42, pp.149-160, 1984.

J. Fekete and C. Et-plaisant, Interactive Information Visualization of a Million Items, INFOVIS'02: Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization, pp.117-136, 2002.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875363

S. Feldman, The high cost of not finding information. KM World magazine, pp.16-22, 2004.

J. L. Fleiss, Measuring nominal scale agreement among many raters., Psychological Bulletin, vol.76, issue.5, pp.378-382, 1971.
DOI : 10.1037/h0031619

J. L. Fleiss, B. Levin, and M. C. Et-paik, The Measurement of Interrater Agreement éditeurs : Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions, chapitre 18, pp.598-626, 2003.

D. Fogli, G. Fresta, and P. Et-mussio, On electronic annotation and its implementation, Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces , AVI '04, pp.98-102, 2004.
DOI : 10.1145/989863.989877

D. Fogli, G. Fresta, P. Mussio, A. Marcante, and M. Et-padula, Annotation in cooperative work: from paper-based to the web one, Boujut (2005), pp.1-10, 2005.

N. Foshay, A. Mukherjee, and A. Taylor, Does data warehouse end-user metadata add value?, Communications of the ACM, vol.50, issue.11, pp.70-77, 2007.
DOI : 10.1145/1297797.1297800

A. S. Fraenkel and S. T. Et-klein, Information retrieval from annotated texts, Journal of the American Society for Information Science, vol.32, issue.10, pp.845-854, 1999.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:10<845::AID-ASI2>3.0.CO;2-A

J. Freyne, R. Farzan, P. Brusilovsky, B. Smyth, and M. Et-coyle, Collecting community wisdom, Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces , IUI '07, pp.52-61, 2007.
DOI : 10.1145/1216295.1216312

I. Frommholz and N. Et-fuhr, Probabilistic, object-oriented logics for annotation-based retrieval in digital libraries, Proceedings of the 6th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries , JCDL '06, pp.55-64, 2006.
DOI : 10.1145/1141753.1141764

T. M. Fruchterman and E. M. Et-reingold, Graph drawing by force-directed placement, Software: Practice and Experience, vol.41, issue.11, pp.1129-1164, 1991.
DOI : 10.1002/spe.4380211102
URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.13.8444

G. W. Furnas, T. K. Landauer, L. M. Gomez, and S. T. Et-dumais, The vocabulary problem in human-system communication, Communications of the ACM, vol.30, issue.11, pp.964-971, 1987.
DOI : 10.1145/32206.32212

G. W. Furnas and J. Et-zacks, Multitrees: Enriching and Reusing Hierarchical Structure, CHI'94: Conference companion on Human factors in computing systems, p.66, 1994.

S. Gabrielli and A. Et-law, Annotation in the wild, CHI '03 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems , CHI '03, pp.890-891, 2003.
DOI : 10.1145/765891.766052

J. J. Gibson, The ecological approach to visual perception Cité 1 fois, Houghton Mifflin, p.9, 1979.

G. Golovchinsky, M. N. Price, and B. N. Et-schilit, From reading to retrieval, Proceedings of the 22nd annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval , SIGIR '99, pp.19-25, 1999.
DOI : 10.1145/312624.312637

G. Bibliographie, Pdf annotator, p.37, 2004.

S. Greengard, Getting rid of the paper chase, pp.7869-7870, 1999.

K. Grønbaek, L. Sloth, and P. Et-Ørbaek, Webvise: browser and proxy support for open hypermedia structuring mechanisms on the World Wide Web, Computer Networks, vol.31, issue.11-16, pp.1331-1345, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S1389-1286(99)00046-8

M. Guzdial, J. Rick, and B. Et-kerimbaev, Recognizing and supporting roles in CSCW, Proceedings of the 2000 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work , CSCW '00, pp.261-268, 2000.
DOI : 10.1145/358916.358997

T. Hammond, T. Hannay, and B. Et-lund, The Role of RSS in Science Publishing, D-Lib Magazine, vol.10, issue.12, pp.53-74, 2004.
DOI : 10.1045/december2004-hammond

T. Hammond, T. Hannay, B. Lund, and J. Scott, Social Bookmarking Tools (I), D-Lib Magazine, vol.11, issue.04, 2005.
DOI : 10.1045/april2005-hammond

F. A. Hansen, Ubiquitous annotation systems, Proceedings of the seventeenth conference on Hypertext and hypermedia , HYPERTEXT '06, pp.121-132, 2006.
DOI : 10.1145/1149941.1149967

T. Harmon, Web-based Annotation and Collaboration, WEBIST'07: Proceedings of the 3 rd International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies. INSTICC. Cité 3 fois, pp.29-37, 2007.

R. M. Heck and S. M. Et-luebke, HyperPass: An Annotation System for the Classroom. Cité 2 fois, pp.31-36, 1999.

R. M. Heck, S. M. Luebke, and C. H. Et-obermark, A Survey of Web Annotation Systems, 1999.

C. Hendricksen, DocReview: A Document Reviewing Tool for the WWW, p.36, 1997.

I. Herman, G. Melançon, and M. S. Marshall, Graph visualization and navigation in information visualization: A survey, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol.6, issue.1, pp.24-43, 2000.
DOI : 10.1109/2945.841119

M. Hertzum and A. M. Et-pejtersen, The information-seeking practices of engineers: searching for documents as well as for people, Information Processing & Management, vol.36, issue.5, pp.761-778, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0306-4573(00)00011-X

P. J. Hinds and J. Et-pfeffer, Why Organizations Don't " Know What They Know " : Cognitive and Motivational Factors Affecting the Transfer of Expertise, pp.3-26, 2003.

K. Holtman, The Futplex System, Proceedings of the ERCIM workshop on CSCW and the Web, p.36, 1996.

D. Hull, Using statistical testing in the evaluation of retrieval experiments, Proceedings of the 16th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval , SIGIR '93, pp.329-338, 1993.
DOI : 10.1145/160688.160758

M. Huysman, D. Et-de-wit, and . Ackerman, A Critical Evaluation of Knowledge Management Practices, pp.27-55, 2003.

. Imarkup-solutions-inc, imarkup client, p.36, 2000.

H. J. Jackson, Marginalia: Readers writing in books, pp.23-24, 2002.

M. Jaczynski and B. Et-trousse, WWW assisted browsing by reusing past navigations of a group of users, éditeurs : EWCBR, volume 1488 de LNCS, pp.160-171, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/BFb0056330

N. Jardine and C. J. Van-rijsbergen, The use of hierarchic clustering in information retrieval, Information Storage and Retrieval, vol.7, issue.5, pp.217-240, 1971.
DOI : 10.1016/0020-0271(71)90051-9

B. Johnson and B. Et-shneiderman, Tree-maps: a space-filling approach to the visualization of hierarchical information structures, Proceeding Visualization '91, pp.284-291, 1991.
DOI : 10.1109/VISUAL.1991.175815

W. Jones, How People Keep and Organize Personal Information, chapitre 3, pp.35-56, 2007.

W. Jones, A. J. Phuwanartnurak, R. Gill, and H. Et-bruce, Don't take my folders away!, CHI '05 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems , CHI '05, pp.1505-1508, 2005.
DOI : 10.1145/1056808.1056952

W. Jones and J. Et-teevan, Introduction, pp.3-20, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00853625

W. Jones and J. Et-teevan, Personal information management, pp.149-151, 2007.

J. Kahan, M. Koivunen, E. Prud-'hommeaux, and R. R. Swick, Annotea, Proceedings of the tenth international conference on World Wide Web , WWW '01, pp.589-608, 2002.
DOI : 10.1145/371920.372166

N. Karacapilidis and D. Et-papadias, Computer supported argumentation and collaborative decision making: the HERMES system, Information Systems, vol.26, issue.4, pp.259-277, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0306-4379(01)00020-5

S. Karouach, Visualisations interactives pour la découverte de connaissances : concepts, méthodes et outils, Thèse de doctorat, p.20, 2003.

J. J. Kaye, J. Vertesi, S. Avery, A. Dafoe, S. David et al., To have and to hold, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in computing systems , CHI '06, pp.275-284, 2006.
DOI : 10.1145/1124772.1124814

R. M. Keller, S. R. Wolfe, J. R. Chen, J. L. Rabinowitz, and N. Et-mathe, A bookmarking service for organizing and sharing URLs, Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, vol.29, issue.8-13, pp.8-131103, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0169-7552(97)00028-7

C. S. Khoo, B. Luyt, C. Ee, J. Osman, H. Lim et al., How users organize electronic files on their workstations in the office environment: a preliminary study of personal information organization behaviour, Information Research, vol.11, issue.2, pp.12-14, 2007.

A. Kidd, The marks are on the knowledge worker, CHI'94: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, pp.186-191, 1994.

A. Kittur, B. Suh, B. A. Pendleton, and E. H. Et-chi, He says, she says, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems , CHI '07, pp.453-462, 2007.
DOI : 10.1145/1240624.1240698

C. Klas and N. Et-fuhr, A new Effective Approach for Categorizing Web Documents, Proceedings of the 22 th BCS-IRSG Colloquium on IR Research. Cité 2 fois, pp.75-87, 2000.

I. Kleiner, From Fermat to Wiles: Fermat's Last Theorem Becomes a Theorem, Elemente der Mathematik, vol.55, issue.1, pp.19-37, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/PL00000079

T. Kohonen, Self-organizing maps, rd édition. Cité 2 fois, pp.20-89, 2001.

K. Lagus, S. Kaski, and T. Et-kohonen, Mining massive document collections by the WEBSOM method, Information Sciences, vol.163, issue.1-3, pp.135-156, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ins.2003.03.017

D. Laliberte and A. Et-braverman, A protocol for scalable group and public annotations, Proceedings of the Third International World-Wide Web conference on Technology, tools and applications, pp.911-918, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0169-7552(95)00017-2

J. Lanagan and A. F. Et-smeaton, SportsAnno: What Do You Think?, RIAO'2007: Proceedings of the 8 th conference on Information Retrieval and its Applications. CID. Cité 1 fois, p.37, 2007.

J. R. Landis and G. G. Et-koch, The Measurement of Observer Agreement for Categorical Data, Biometrics, vol.33, issue.1, pp.159-174, 1977.
DOI : 10.2307/2529310

B. Liu, Opinion Mining éditeur : Web data mining: Exploring hyperlinks, contents, and usage data, Data-Centric Systems and Applications, pp.411-447, 2007.

W. B. Lober, L. J. Trigg, D. Bliss, and J. M. Et-brinkley, IML: An image markup language, Proceedings of the American Medical Informatics Association Symposium, pp.403-407, 2001.

P. Lopistéguy and A. Et-tricot, INFORSID/PeCUSI'08 : 2 e atelier Prise en Compte de l'Usager dans les Systèmes d'Information. Éditions Inforsid. Cité 1 fois, p.145, 2008.

G. Lortal, M. Lewkowicz, A. Et-todirascu-courtier, B. Gabrys, R. J. Howlett et al., Annotations: A Way to Capture Experience, éditeurs : KES'06: Proceedings of the 10 th International Conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems, pp.1131-1138, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/11892960_136

D. Lortsch, Histoire de la Bible en France et fragments relatifs à l'histoire générale de la Bible. Société biblique britannique et étrangère, p.24, 1910.

B. Lund, T. Hammond, M. Flack, and T. Et-hannay, Social Bookmarking Tools (II), D-Lib Magazine, vol.11, issue.04, pp.16-18, 2005.
DOI : 10.1045/april2005-lund

W. G. Lutters, M. S. Ackerman, and X. Et-zhou, Group Information Management, pp.236-248, 2007.

F. Ma and M. Et-murota, Development of Web Browser Extension for Cross Sectional Search of History, Bookmarks and ScrapBook, Proceedings of the 22 th Annual Conference of Japan Society for Educational Technology, pp.459-460, 2006.

Y. S. Maarek and I. Et-ben-shaul, Automatically organizing bookmarks per contents, Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, vol.28, issue.7-11, pp.1321-1333, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0169-7552(96)00024-4

C. D. Manning, P. Raghavan, and H. Et-schütze, Introduction to Information Retrieval, pp.54-75, 2008.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511809071

H. Marais and K. Et-bharat, Supporting cooperative and personal surfing with a desktop assistant, Proceedings of the 10th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology , UIST '97, pp.129-138, 1997.
DOI : 10.1145/263407.263531

M. Margolis and P. Et-resnick, Third Voice: Vox Populi Vox Dei? First Monday Cité 3 fois, pp.30-32, 1999.

C. C. Marshall, Annotation, Proceedings of the second ACM international conference on Digital libraries , DL '97, pp.131-140, 1997.
DOI : 10.1145/263690.263806

C. C. Marshall, Toward an ecology of hypertext annotation, Proceedings of the ninth ACM conference on Hypertext and hypermedia : links, objects, time and space---structure in hypermedia systems links, objects, time and space---structure in hypermedia systems, HYPERTEXT '98, pp.40-49, 1998.
DOI : 10.1145/276627.276632

C. C. Marshall and A. J. Et-brush, Exploring the relationship between personal and public annotations, Proceedings of the 2004 joint ACM/IEEE conference on Digital libraries , JCDL '04, pp.349-357, 2004.
DOI : 10.1145/996350.996432

D. Mille, Modèles et outils logiciels pour l'annotation sémantique de documents pédagogiques, Thèse de doctorat, p.25, 2005.

D. R. Millen, J. Feinberg, and B. Et-kerr, Dogear, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in computing systems , CHI '06, pp.111-120, 2006.
DOI : 10.1145/1124772.1124792

D. R. Millen and M. A. Et-fontaine, Improving individual and organizational performance through communities of practice, Proceedings of the 2003 international ACM SIGGROUP conference on Supporting group work , GROUP '03, pp.205-211, 2003.
DOI : 10.1145/958160.958192

M. Montaner, B. López, and J. L. Et-de-la-rosa, A Taxonomy of Recommender Agents on the Internet, Artificial Intelligence Review, vol.19, issue.4, pp.285-330, 2003.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1022850703159

B. Moreau, Interface multi-facettes d'accès au capital documentaire d'une organisation Rapport de stage d'IUP ISI L3, p.130, 2008.

J. Mothe, C. Chrisment, B. Dousset, and J. Et-alaux, DocCube: Multi-dimensional visualisation and exploration of large document sets, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, vol.37, issue.7, pp.650-659, 2003.
DOI : 10.1002/asi.10257

P. K. Murphy, J. F. Long, T. A. Holleran, and E. Et-esterly, Persuasion online or on paper: a new take on an old issue, Learning and Instruction, vol.13, issue.5, pp.511-532, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0959-4752(02)00041-5

S. Noël and J. Et-robert, Empirical Study on Collaborative Writing: What Do Co-authors Do, Use, and Like? Comput. Supported Coop, Work, vol.13, issue.1, pp.63-89, 2004.

O. 'hara, K. Et-sellen, and A. , A Comparison of Reading Paper and On-Line Documents, CHI'97: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, pp.335-342, 1997.

D. R. Olsen, T. Taufer, and J. A. Et-fails, ScreenCrayons, Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology , UIST '04, pp.165-174, 2004.
DOI : 10.1145/1029632.1029663

O. Reilly and T. , What Is Web 2.0 ? Design Patterns and Businness Models for the Next Generation of Software Available online http, p.39, 2005.

I. A. Ovsiannikov, M. A. Arbib, and T. H. Mcneill, Annotation technology, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol.50, issue.4, pp.329-362, 1999.
DOI : 10.1006/ijhc.1999.0247

L. Pallavidino, Vue unifiée d'un ensemble documentaire Rapport de stage de DUT, Université Toulouse 3. Stage encadré par Guillaume Cabanac et Max Chevalier, p.133, 2008.

B. Pang, L. Lee, and S. Et-vaithyanathan, Thumbs up?, Proceedings of the ACL-02 conference on Empirical methods in natural language processing , EMNLP '02, pp.79-86, 2002.
DOI : 10.3115/1118693.1118704

R. Paramelle, Développement d'un composant additionnel d'annotation pour Internet Explorer Rapport de stage de DUT, Université Toulouse 3. Stage encadré par Guillaume Cabanac et Max Chevalier, pp.98-124, 2008.

R. T. Pédauque, Le document à la lumière du numérique, C&F éditions, pp.1-15, 2006.

R. T. Pédauque, La redocumentarisation du monde. Cépaduès-éditions Cité 1 fois, p.1, 2007.

T. A. Phelps and R. Et-wilensky, Robust intra-document locations, Computer Networks, vol.33, issue.1-6, pp.105-118, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S1389-1286(00)00043-8

M. F. Porter, An algorithm for suffix stripping. Program, pp.130-137, 1980.

M. N. Price, B. N. Schilit, and G. Et-golovchinsky, XLibris, CHI 98 conference summary on Human factors in computing systems , CHI '98, pp.22-23, 1998.
DOI : 10.1145/286498.286510

D. R. Radev, Topic shift detection ? finding new information in threaded news, p.63, 1999.

U. Reips, Standards for Internet-Based Experimenting, Experimental Psychology, vol.49, issue.4, pp.243-256, 2002.
DOI : 10.1026//1618-3169.49.4.243

U. N. Reips, K. Y. Mckenna, T. Postmes, and U. Et-reips, The methodology of Internet-based experiments éditeurs : The Oxford Handbook of Internet Psychology, pp.373-390, 2007.

U. Reips and R. Et-lengler, TheWeb Experiment List: A web service for the recruitment of participants and archiving of Internet-based experiments, Behavior Research Methods, vol.37, issue.2, pp.287-292, 2005.
DOI : 10.3758/BF03192696

P. Resnick and H. R. Et-varian, Recommender systems, Communications of the ACM, vol.40, issue.3, pp.56-58, 1997.
DOI : 10.1145/245108.245121

M. Röscheisen, C. Mogensen, and T. Et-winograd, Shared web annotations as a platform for thirdparty value-added, information providers: Architecture, protocols, and usage examples, pp.33-34, 1994.

J. Rucker and M. J. Polanco, Siteseer: personalized navigation for the Web, Communications of the ACM, vol.40, issue.3, pp.73-76, 1997.
DOI : 10.1145/245108.245125

S. , V. Et, R. , and R. , Annotation tool for the semantic web, Proceedings of the WWW2002 International Workshop Real world RDF and Semantic Web applications, p.37, 2002.

P. Salembier and M. Et-zacklad, Annotations dans les documents pour l'action, pp.142-145, 2007.

G. Salton, A. Wong, and C. S. Et-yang, A vector space model for automatic indexing, Communications of the ACM, vol.18, issue.11, pp.613-620, 1975.
DOI : 10.1145/361219.361220

N. Savy, Probabilités et statistiques pour modéliser et décider : tests, validation, régression, plans d'expérience. Statistiques, pp.109-110, 2006.

M. A. Schickler, M. S. Mazer, and C. Et-brooks, Pan-browser support for annotations and other meta-information on the World Wide Web, Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, vol.28, issue.7-11, pp.1063-1074, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0169-7552(96)00060-8

A. Sellen and R. Et-harper, Paper as an analytic resource for the design of new technologies, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems , CHI '97, pp.319-326, 1997.
DOI : 10.1145/258549.258780

A. J. Sellen and R. H. Et-harper, The myth of the paperless office, pp.43-138, 2003.

A. J. Sellen, R. Murphy, and K. L. Shaw, How knowledge workers use the web, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems Changing our world, changing ourselves, CHI '02, pp.227-234, 2002.
DOI : 10.1145/503376.503418

W. Seltzer, Annotation engine, p.36, 1999.

S. S. Shapiro and M. B. Et-wilk, An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples), Biometrika, vol.52, issue.3-4, pp.591-611, 1965.
DOI : 10.1093/biomet/52.3-4.591

C. Shirky, A Group is Its Own Worst Enemy, p.92, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4302-0038-3_23

C. Shirky, Here comes everybody: The power of organizing without organization, p.55, 2008.

S. B. Shum and T. Sumner, JIME: An Interactive Journal for Interactive Media Cité 1 fois, First Monday, vol.6, issue.2, p.36, 2001.

J. Surowiecki, The wisdom of crowds: Why the many are smarter than the few and how collective wisdom shapes business, economies, societies and nations. Anchor Books, p.99, 2005.

J. Swarts, Cooperative writing, Proceedings of the 22nd annual international conference on Design of communication The engineering of quality documentation, SIGDOC '04, pp.83-89, 2004.
DOI : 10.1145/1026533.1026555

J. Teevan, R. Capra, and M. P. Et-quiñones, How People Find Personal Information, pp.22-34, 2007.

U. Thiel, H. Brocks, I. Frommholz, A. Dirsch-weigand, J. Keiper et al., COLLATE ??? A collaboratory supporting research on historic European films, International Journal on Digital Libraries, vol.4, issue.1, pp.8-12, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s00799-003-0069-1

M. Tuffery, Système Documentaire Base de Données Textuelles : le projet ETOILE Cité 1 fois, Thèse de doctorat, p.54, 1984.

C. Twardy, Argument Maps Improve Critical Thinking, Teaching Philosophy, vol.27, issue.2, pp.95-116, 2004.
DOI : 10.5840/teachphil200427213

V. Uren, P. Cimiano, J. Iria, S. Handschuh, M. Vargas-vera et al., Semantic annotation for knowledge management: Requirements and a survey of the state of the art, Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web, pp.14-28, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.websem.2005.10.002

V. Vasudevan and M. Palmer, On Web annotations: promises and pitfalls of current Web infrastructure, Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Hawaii International Conference on Systems Sciences. 1999. HICSS-32. Abstracts and CD-ROM of Full Papers, pp.2012-2044, 1999.
DOI : 10.1109/HICSS.1999.772663

E. M. Voorhees, Overview of TREC 2001, TREC'01: Proceedings of the 10 th Text REtrieval Conference . Cité 1 fois, p.118, 2001.

F. Wilcoxon, Individual Comparisons by Ranking Methods, Biometrics Bulletin, vol.1, issue.6, pp.80-83, 1945.
DOI : 10.2307/3001968

A. Wiles, Modular Elliptic Curves and Fermat's Last Theorem, The Annals of Mathematics, vol.141, issue.3, pp.443-551, 1995.
DOI : 10.2307/2118559

J. Wolfe, Annotations and the collaborative digital library: Effects of an aligned annotation interface on student argumentation and reading strategies, International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, vol.15, issue.3, pp.141-164, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s11412-008-9040-x

J. L. Wolfe, Effects of annotations on student readers and writers, Proceedings of the fifth ACM conference on Digital libraries , DL '00, pp.19-26, 2000.
DOI : 10.1145/336597.336620

J. L. Wolfe and C. M. Et-neuwirth, From the Margins to the Center: The Future of Annotation, Journal of Business and Technical Communication, vol.15, issue.3, pp.333-371, 2001.
DOI : 10.1177/105065190101500304

H. Wu and M. D. Et-gordon, Collaborative filing in a document repository, Proceedings of the 27th annual international conference on Research and development in information retrieval , SIGIR '04, pp.518-519, 2004.
DOI : 10.1145/1008992.1009099

H. Wu, M. D. Gordon, and K. Et-demaagd, Document co-organization in an online knowledge community, Extended abstracts of the 2004 conference on Human factors and computing systems , CHI '04, pp.1211-1214, 2004.
DOI : 10.1145/985921.986026

Y. Yang, L. Akers, T. Klose, and C. Et-barcelon-yang, Text mining and visualization tools ??? Impressions of emerging capabilities, World Patent Information, vol.30, issue.4, pp.280-293, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.wpi.2008.01.007

M. Zacklad, Annotation : attention, association, contribution, pp.29-46, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/sic_00180781

M. Zacklad, M. Lewkowicz, J. Boujut, F. Darses, and F. Et-détienne, Formes et gestion des annotations numériques collectives en ingénierie collaborative, pp.207-224, 2003.

Q. Zheng, K. Booth, and J. Et-mcgrenere, Co-authoring with structured annotations, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in computing systems , CHI '06, pp.131-140, 2006.
DOI : 10.1145/1124772.1124794

. Bouvin, Étapes de l'ouverture animée d'une annotation « fluide, p.33, 2002.

.. Schéma-synoptique-de-l, architecture proposée représentant une organisation minimale composée de deux individus Les flèches représentent les flux de données entre les usagers, leurs EPA et les six processus interdépendants. Les symboles Œ à ‘ font référence au cycle de vie du document (figure I.1.1), p.72

. Cabanac, Graphe de l'usage des documents, p.88, 2007.

I. Partie, Implantation et expérimentation des propositions, p.97

.. Barre-d-'outils-de-tafannote-intégrée-dans-le-navigateur-firefox-contenu, La page visualisée contient une annotation, sur laquelle l'usager a positionné le pointeur de la souris pour obtenir des informations sur son auteur et son, p.124

I. Partie, Implantation et expérimentation des propositions, p.97