A. , E. J. , C. J. Millington-w, and . Mullins-j, Predicting the start of the birch pollen season at London, Derby and Cardiff, United Kingdom, using a multiple regression model, pp.117-140, 2002.

A. A. Barranco-d, Prediction of flowering time in olive for the Córdoba olive collection, Horticultural Science, vol.27, pp.1205-1212, 1992.

A. P. Comtois-p, The influence of sampler height and orientation on airborne Ambrosia pollen counts in Montreal, Grana, vol.39, pp.303-310, 2000.

A. I. Fernandez-j, J. I. Gamboa-p, and M. F. , Pollen allergy in the Bilbao area (European Atlantic seabord climate) : pollination forecasting methods, Clinical Experimental Allergy, vol.25, pp.133-173, 1995.

A. R. Gat-z, Estimating chilling duration from daily temperature extremes and elevation in Israel, Climate Research, vol.1, pp.125-157, 1991.

A. R. Marzban-g, M. A. Zaccarini-m, L. Da-camara, and . Machado-m, Search for low allergenic apple cultivars for birch pollen-allergic patients : is there a correlation between in vitro a says and patient response, European Annals of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.38, pp.94-102, 2006.

A. G. Richardson-e and . D. Seeley-s, 1977 : A statistical method of determining chill unit and growing degree hour requirements for deciduous fruit trees, Horticultural Science, vol.12, pp.347-355

B. J. Sulmont-g, Réflexions sur le réseau français de surveillance aéropollinique : analyse de la situation présente et perspectives d'optimisation, 2002.

B. J. Sulmont-g, . Laaidi-m, and . Thibaudon-m, The French network for aerobiology surveillance : present situation and perspectives for optimisation, European Annals of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.35, pp.158-63, 2003.

B. E. Fornaciari-m, . Giannoni-c, F. D. Greco-f, . Frenguelli-g, . Mincigrucci-g et al., Fluctuations of grass pollen content in the atmosphere of East Perugia and meteorological correlations (year 1989) Aerobiologia, pp.401-407, 1992.

B. R. and E. J. Norris-hill, Vertical variation in pollen abundance in North-Central London, Aerobiologia, vol.5, pp.123-160, 1989.

C. C. Spano-d, . Duce-p, and . L. Snyder-r, An improved model for determining degree-day values from daily temperature data, International Journal of Biometeorology, vol.45, issue.4, pp.161-170, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/s004840100104

C. C. Spano-d, . L. Snyder-r, and . Duce-p, Chilling and forcing model to predict bud-burst of crop and forest species Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, pp.1-13, 2004.

C. C. Spano-d, . L. Snyder-r, . Duce-p, and . Jones-h, Improvement of chilling and forcing model to predict bud-burst, 2006.

C. C. Bonnevial, . Colson-m, . Mathern-g, and . Emonot-a, Forecast of pollination dates and relation to onset of allergic pathology, Aerobiologia, vol.20, pp.35-42, 2004.

C. B. Gillet-a and . Mejecase-m, Allergy to ragweed in the Rhône- Alpes and consumption of anti-allergics, European Annals of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.36, pp.333-339, 2004.

C. I. and C. P. Rousseau-d, Fitting models predicting dates of flowering of temperate-zone trees using simulated annealing, Plant, Cell and Environment, vol.21, pp.455-66, 1998.

C. I. and C. P. Rousseau-d, Selecting models to predict the timing of flowering of temperate trees : implications for tree phenology modelling, Plant, Cell and Environment, vol.22, pp.1-13, 1999.

C. P. Gagnon-l, Concentrations polliniques et fréquence des symptômes de pollinose : une méthode pour déterminer les seuils cliniques, pp.279-86, 1988.

C. J. Stach-a and . Millington-w, A comparison of Betula pollen seasons at two European sites, 1995.

C. R. Rodriguez-rajo-f and J. M. , Short-term prediction of Betula airborne pollen concentration in Vigo (NW Spain) using logistic additive models and partially linear models, International Journal of Biometeorology, vol.48, pp.179-85, 2004.

D. A. Strandhede-s, Predicting the intensity of the birch pollen season, Aerobiologia, vol.12, pp.97-106, 1996.

D. T. Spieksma-f, European allergenic pollen types, Aerobiologia, vol.8, pp.447-50, 1992.

D. T. Spieksma-f, . Liccardi-g, . Jaeger-s, . Russo-m, N. K. Kontou-fili et al., Pollen-related allergy in Europe, Allergy, vol.53, pp.567-78, 1998.

D. F. and C. B. Bretagnolle-f, L'ambroisie : chronique de l'extension d'un polluant «biologique» en France, Médecine/Sciences, vol.21, pp.207-216, 2005.

D. Wit, C. T. , and G. J. Van-laar-h, Simulation of assimilation, respiration and transpiration of crops, 1978.

D. S. Foucard-t, Allergy to apple, carrot and potato in children with birch pollen allergy, Allergy, vol.38, pp.167-72, 1983.

D. M. Van-herpen-r and . O. Smithuis-l, Prediction of the start of the grass pollen season for the southern part of the Netherlands, Grana, vol.29, pp.79-86, 1990.

D. P. Legendre-p, Lack of robustness in two tests of normality against autocorrelation in sample data, The Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, vol.42, pp.79-91, 1992.

E. J. Norris-hill, Annual, daily and diurnal variation of Urticaceae pollen in North-central London, Aerobiologia, vol.7, pp.49-57, 1991.

E. J. Savage-m and W. R. , Annual variations in the concentrations of Betula pollen in the London area, Grana, vol.32, pp.359-63, 1961.

E. J. Mullins-j, C. J. Millington-w, . Brookes-m, . Savage-m, and . Jones-s, The trend to earlier Birch pollen seasons in the UK : A biotic response to changes in weather conditions ? Grana, pp.29-33, 1997.

E. J. Jaeger-s, . E. Dominguez-vilches, . Galan-c, . Hodal-l, L. A. Mandrioli-p et al., Temporal and geographical variations in grass pollens in areas of Western Europe : an analysis of season dates at sites of the European pollen information system, Aerobiologia, vol.16, pp.373-382, 2000.

E. J. Detandt-m, . Gehrig-r, . Jaeger-s, . Nolard-n, and . A. Rantio-lethimäki, Responses in the start of Betula (birch) pollen seasons to recent changes in spring temperatures across Europe, International Journal of Biometeorology, vol.46, pp.159-70, 2002.

E. N. Formgren-h and . Svenonius-e, Food hypersensitivity in patients with pollen allergy, Allergy, vol.37, pp.437-480, 1982.

E. N. Menzel-a, . Krämer-u, and . Behrendt-h, Integration of flowering dates in phenology and pollen counts in aerobiology : analysis of their spatial and temporal coherence in Germany, International Journal of Biometeorology, vol.51, pp.49-59, 1992.

F. T. Torricelli-r and W. G. Peeters-a, The relationship between airborne pollen distribution and the frequency of specific pollen sensitization at two climatically different locations in Switzerland, Aerobiologia, vol.11, pp.269-73, 1995.

F. G. Bricchi-e, . Romano-b, . Mincigrucci-g, . Ferranti-f, and . Antognozzi-e, The role of air temperature in determining dormancy release and flowering of Corylus avellana L. Aerobiologia, pp.415-423, 1992.

F. G. Tedeschini-e, . Veronesi-f, and . Bricchi-e, Airborne pine (Pinus spp.) pollen in the atmosphere of Perugia (Central Italy) : Behaviour of pollination in the two last decades, Aerobiologia, vol.18, pp.223-231, 2002.

F. D. , M. S. , and M. L. Sand-r, A comparison of total pollen counts obtained 5.6 km apart, Aerobiologia, vol.13, pp.205-213, 1997.

G. C. , E. J. Dominguez-e, and B. R. Villamandos-f, A comparative analysis of daily variations in the Gramineae pollen counts at, pp.189-98, 1995.

G. C. Fuillerat-m, . Comtois-p, and . E. Dominguez-vilches, Bioclimatic factors affecting daily Cupressaceae flowering in southwest Spain, International Journal of Biometeorology, vol.41, pp.95-100, 1998.

G. C. Garcia-mozo, C. P. , and A. P. Dominguez-vilches, The role of temperature in the onset of the Olea europaea L. pollen season in southwestern Spain, International Journal of Biometeorology, vol.45, pp.8-12, 2001.

G. C. , C. P. Garcia-mozo, and A. P. Dominguez-vilches, Model for forecasting Olea europaea L. airborne pollen in South-West Andalusia, Spain, International Journal of Biometeorology, vol.45, pp.59-63, 2001.

G. C. Garcia-mozo, . Vazquez-l, . Ruiz-l, . C. Diaz-de-la-guardia, and . M. Trigo-m, Heat requirement for the onset of the Olea europaea L. pollen season in several sites in Andalusia and the effect of the expected future climate change, International Journal of Biometeorology, vol.49, pp.184-192, 2005.

G. Galan-c, C. P. , A. P. Mendez-j, A. F. Vendrell-m, . Saenz-c et al., Variations in the Quercus sp. Pollen season at selected sites in Spain, Polen, vol.10, pp.59-69, 1999.

G. Galan-c, . T. Gomez-casero-m, and . E. Dominguez-vilches, A comparative study of different temperature accumulation methods for predicting the start of the Quercus pollen season in Córdoba, Grana, vol.39, pp.194-203, 2000.

G. R. Fuertes-rodriguez-c, . M. Vega-maray-a, . M. Valencia-barrera-r, . J. Rodriguez-rajo-f, and . Fernandez-gonzalez-d, Chilling and heat requirements for the prediction of the beginning of the pollen season of Alnus glutinosa Aerobiologia, Gaertner in Ponferrada, pp.47-53, 2006.

I. M. and S. J. Thibaudon-m, From April 1 st to July 30 th in the Paris area, pollinosis symptoms compared to atmospheric pollen, Annales de Sciences Naturelles et de Botanique, vol.9, pp.89-94, 1988.

J. S. Nilsson-s, P. A. Berggren-b, and R. H. Helander-m, Trends of some airborne tree pollen in the Nordic countries and Austria, 1980.

J. M. Frenguelli-g, . J. Rodriguez-f, and . J. Aira-m, Temperature requirements of Alnus pollen in Spain and Italy, Grana, vol.39, pp.240-245, 1994.

J. M. Rodriguez-rajo-f and . C. Seijo-m, Pinus pollen in the atmosphere of Vigo and its relationship to meteorological factors, International Journal of Biometeorology, vol.43, pp.147-53, 2000.

J. M. Rodriguez-rajo-f, . Mendez-j, and . J. Aira-m, Phenological behaviour of Quercus in Ourense (NW Spain) and its relationship with the atmospheric pollen season, International Journal of Biometeorology, vol.46, pp.176-84, 2002.

L. M. Thibaudon-m and B. J. , Two statistical approaches to forecasting the start and duration of the pollen season of Ambrosia in the area of Lyon (France), International Journal of Biometeorology, vol.48, pp.65-73, 2003.

L. M. Laaidi-k and B. J. Thibaudon-m, Ragweed in France: an invasive plant and its allergenic pollen, Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, vol.91, issue.2, pp.195-201, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)62177-1

L. M. Laaidi-k and R. S. , Pollen counts and allergies in Burgundy : assessment and perspectives, European Annals of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.35, pp.82-88, 2003.

L. M. Thibaudon-m and B. J. , Comment prévoir la date de début de pollinisation d'une plante à partir de données météorologiques : l'exemple de l'ambroisie à Lyon, European Annals of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.36, pp.268-71, 2004.

L. A. Bjorksten-f and . Hannuksela-m, Allergy to birch pollen and apple, and cross-reactivity of the allergens studied with the RAST, Allergy, vol.35, pp.297-300, 1980.

L. M. Mietus-m and . Uruska-a, Seasonal variations in the atmospheric Betula pollen count in Gdansk (southern Baltic coast) in relation to meteorological parameters, Aerobiologia, vol.18, pp.33-43, 2002.

L. F. Kramer-c and . G. Eversmeyer-f, Vertical variation of airspora concentrations in the atmosphere, Grana, vol.23, pp.123-128, 1984.

M. L. , J. M. Borsos-e, and . Beczi-r, Meteorological variables connected with airborne ragweed pollen in Southern Hungary, International Journal of Biometeorology, vol.49, pp.37-47, 2004.

M. P. Singh-a and G. R. Babu-c, Atmospheric concentrations of pollen grains at human height, Grana, vol.30, pp.129-164, 1991.

M. F. Bousquet, Les allergies : la fin d'une énigme. Editions Hachette, 1997.

M. L. Weeke-e and . N. Petersen-b, Forecast of pollen concentrations of Poaceae (grasses) in the air by time series analysis, Pollen et Spores, vol.29, pp.305-327, 1987.

M. W. Dirickx-m, . D. Van-der-haegen, . Bastin-servais-y, and . Desair-c, La pluie pollinique à Louvain-Heverlee en 1971, pp.159-76, 1972.

M. Carrion- and G. J. Garcia-selles, Aerobiology of Artemisia pollen in Murcia (SE Spain) and its relationship with weather variables : annual and intradiurnal variations for three different species. Wind vectors as a tool in determining pollen origin, International Journal of Biometeorology, vol.43, pp.51-63, 1999.

N. S. Persson-s, Tree pollen spectra in the Stockholm region (Sweden), 1973-1980, Grana, vol.20, pp.179-82, 1981.

O. K. Szczepanek-k, R. J. Grzywacz-m, and A. K. Szczeclik-a, Correlation between airborne pollen incidence, skin prick tests and serum immunoglobulins in allergic people in Cracow, pp.136-177, 1991.

O. E. Singh-m and K. R. , Grass pollen in the atmosphere of Melbourne : seasonal distribution over ten years, Grana, vol.34, pp.58-63, 1994.

O. F. Vazquez-l, R. L. Bonofiglio-t, . Fornaciari-m, . H. Garcia-mozo, . Dominguez-e et al., Bioclimatic requirements for olive flowering in two mediterranean regions located at the same latitude, Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, vol.12, pp.47-52, 2005.

P. G. Papanikolaou-i and . Niederberger-v, Sensibilisation au frêne : allergènes spécifiques et/ou «croisants» ? Revue française d'Allergologie et d'Immunologie clinique, pp.120-124, 2003.

P. C. Hidalgo-j, . Dominguez-e, and . Galan-c, Pollen production in the Poaceae family, Grana, vol.42, pp.1-7, 2003.

R. P. Sikoparija-b, Betula spp. Pollen in the atmosphere of Novi Sad, Aerobiologia, vol.21, pp.63-70, 2000.

R. A. Koivikko-a, . Kupias-r, . Makinen-y, and . Pohjola-a, Significance of sampling height of airborne particles for aerobiological information, Allergy, vol.46, pp.68-76, 1991.

R. R. Klepper-b and . M. Peterson-c, Time distributions for describing appearance of specific culms of winter wheat, Agronomy Journal, vol.75, pp.551-557, 1983.

R. J. Frenguelli-g and J. M. , Effect of air temperature on forecasting the start of the Betula pollen season at two contrasting sites in the south of, Europe International Journal of Biometeorology, vol.47, pp.117-142, 1995.

R. J. Dacosta-n and . Jato-v, Environmental factors affecting the start of pollen season and concentrations of airborne and concentrations of airborne Alnus pollen in two localities of Galicia (NW Spain), Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, vol.11, pp.35-44, 2004.

R. O. Jaeger-s, Ambrosia (ragweed) in Europe, Allergy and Clinical Immunology International, vol.13, pp.60-66, 2001.

S. A. , S. M. , E. J. , A. U. , and C. E. Galan-c, Characteristics of grass pollen seasons in areas of southern Spain and the United Kingdom, Aerobiologia, vol.19, pp.243-50, 2003.

S. Mesa, J. A. Galan-c, and . Hervas-c, The use of discriminant analysis and neural networks to forecast the severity of the Poaceae pollen season in a region with a typical Mediterranean climate, International Journal of Biometeorology, vol.9, issue.3, pp.355-62, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s00484-005-0260-8

A. Dormancy and . Winter, Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Fenniae

S. R. Spano-d, . Cesaraccio-c, and . Duce-p, Determining degree-day thresholds from field observations, International Journal of Biometeorology, vol.42, pp.177-82, 1999.

S. M. Siljamo-p and R. H. Rantio-lehtimäki, Towards numerical forecasting of long-range air transport of birch pollen : theoretical considerations and a feasibility study, International Journal of Biometeorology, vol.50, pp.392-402, 2006.

S. F. , E. J. Hjelmroos-m, and . Jaeger-s, Atmospheric birch : Betula pollen in Europe : Trends and fluctuation in annual quantities and the starting dates of the seasons, Grana, vol.34, pp.51-58, 1995.

T. M. Herrero, Influencia de la temperatura en la época de floración de frutales, pp.115-53, 1965.

T. E. Moseholm-l, Pollen count, symptom, and medicine score in birch pollinosis, International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology, vol.86, pp.225-258, 1988.

T. M. Lachasse-c and . Finet-f, Ragweed in France and in the Rhône- Alpes region (Lyon-Bourgoin-Grenoble-Roussillon), European Annals of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.35, pp.87-91, 2003.

T. M. Lachasse-c, Ragweed pollens under high surveillance, European Annals of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.36, pp.337-378, 2004.

T. R. and C. J. De-poumeyrol-b, Pollinose et Ambrosia. La diffusion actuelle d'Ambrosia dans la région lyonnaise. Son rôle dans les maladies par allergie pollinique, pp.279-85, 1966.

T. M. Toro-f and R. M. Cabezudo-b, A statistical approach to comparing the results from different aerobiological stations, Grana, vol.39, pp.252-260, 2000.

V. M. Comtois-p and . Fernandez-gonzalez-d, Biogeography and bioclimatology in pollen forecasting . An example of grass in León (Spain) and Montréal (Canada), Grana, vol.40, pp.223-232, 2001.

V. L. Galan-c and . E. Dominguez-vilches, Influence of meteorological parameters on Olea pollen concentrations in Córdoba (South-western Spain), International Journal of Biometeorology, vol.48, pp.83-90, 2003.

V. M. Koivikko-a, The seasonal symptoms of hyposensitized and untreated hay fever patients in relation to birch pollen counts : correlations with nasal sensitivity, prick tests and RAST, Clinical Allergy, vol.8, pp.387-96, 1978.

W. J. Segerström-v, R. L. Bergmann-e, and . Hjelmroos-m, Allergic symptoms caused by long distance transported birch pollen, Grana, vol.30, pp.256-68, 1991.

W. B. Schindler-c, . Leuenberger-p, and . U. Ackermann-liebrig, Prevalence of atopy and pollinosis in the adult population of Switzerland, International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, vol.106, pp.149-56, 1995.

Y. S. and L. J. Coffey-d, Mathematical formulae for calculating the base temperature for growing degree-days, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, vol.74, pp.61-74, 1995.

Z. F. Gooddell-p, W. L. Barnet-w, and B. W. , Degree-days : the calculation and use of heat units in pest management, pp.2-10, 1983.