B. K. Saha and . Chowdhury, Carbazoloquinones from Murraya koenigii, Phytochemistry, vol.48, issue.2, pp.363-366, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01135-7

J. Luft, R. Hafner, A. H. Korzun, C. Leport, D. Antoniskis et al., Toxoplasmic Encephalitis in Patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.329, issue.14, pp.995-1000, 1993.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM199309303291403

R. Gray, E. Gherardi, J. Wingate, G. Wingate, A. Fenelon et al., Diffuse ?encephalitic? cerebral toxoplasmosis in AIDS, Journal of Neurology, vol.14, issue.5, pp.273-277, 1989.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00314455

P. Cochereau-massin, M. Lehoang, E. Lautier-frau, L. Zerdoun, M. Zazoun et al., Ocular Toxoplasmosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Patients, American Journal of Ophthalmology, vol.114, issue.2, pp.130-135, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9394(14)73975-3

M. Dunn, F. Wallon, E. Peyron, C. Pertersen, R. Peckham et al., Mother-to-child transmission of toxoplasmosis: risk estimates for clinical counselling, The Lancet, vol.353, issue.9167, pp.1829-1833, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)08220-8

M. Peyron, C. Wallon, and . Bernardoux, Long-Term Follow-up of Patients with Congenital Ocular Toxoplasmosis, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.334, issue.15, pp.993-994, 1996.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM199604113341517

J. Desmonts and . Couvreur, Current diagnosis " 7, Conn RB (éditeur), pp.274-297, 1974.

. Jacquemard, Congenital toxoplasmosis

P. Mussini, A. Pezzotti, V. Govoni, A. Borghi, A. Antinori et al., Pneumonia and Toxoplasmic Encephalitis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I???Infected Patients: The Changes in Opportunistic Prophylaxis Study, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.181, issue.5, pp.1635-1677, 2000.
DOI : 10.1086/315471

M. Furrer, E. Opravil, A. Bernasconi, and M. Telenti, Stopping primary prophylaxis in HIV-1-infected patients at high risk of toxoplasma encephalitis, The Lancet, vol.355, issue.9222, pp.2217-2218, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02407-7

C. Soriano, R. Dona, P. Rodriguez-rosado, J. Barreiro, and . Gonzalez-lahoz, Discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis for opportunistic infections in HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy, AIDS, vol.14, issue.4, pp.383-386, 2000.
DOI : 10.1097/00002030-200003100-00011

M. Gozalbes, R. Brun-pascaud, J. Garcia-domenech, P. M. Galvez, J. P. Girard et al., Anti-Toxoplasma Activities of 24 Quinolones and Fluoroquinolones In Vitro: Prediction of Activity by Molecular Topology and Virtual Computational Techniques, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.44, issue.10, pp.2771-2776, 2000.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.44.10.2771-2776.2000

J. Anquetin and P. Greiner, Quinolone-Based Drugs Against Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium spp, Current Drug Target -Infectious Disorders, vol.5, issue.3, pp.227-245, 2005.
DOI : 10.2174/1568005054880172

P. K. Aucune-des-molécules-testées-n-'est-inhibitrice-de-la, M. Shin-ya, K. Tanaka, Y. Furihata, H. Hayakawa et al., aux concentrations utilisées, alors qu'elles ont des propriétés inhibitrices de la croissance de T. gondii. Le mécanisme d'action ne passe pas par l'inhibition de cette enzyme, le mécanisme reste non élucidé Structure of carquinostatin A, a new neuronal cell protecting substance produced by Streptomyces exfoliatus, Tetrahedron Letters, issue.31, pp.34-4943, 1993.

]. N. Orihara, K. Furihata, and H. Seto, Studies on the biosynthesis of terpenoidal compounds produced by actinomycetes 2. Biosynthesis of carquinostatin B via the non-mevalonate pathway in Streptomyces exfoliates, The Journal of Antibiotics, issue.211, pp.50-979, 1997.

T. Kunigami, J. S. Kim, K. Furihata, Y. Hayakawa, and H. Seto, Carquinostatin B, a new neuronal cell-protecting substance produced by Streptomyces exfoliatus

]. K. Shin-ya, S. Shimizu, T. Kunigami, K. Furihata, and H. Seto, A New Neuronal Cell Protecting Substance, Lavanduquinocin, Produced by Streptomyces viridochromogenes., The Journal of Antibiotics, vol.48, issue.7, pp.48-574, 1995.
DOI : 10.7164/antibiotics.48.574

M. Tanaka, K. Shin-ya, K. Furihata, and H. Seto, Isolation and Structural Elucidation of Antioxidative Substances, Carbazoquinocins A to F., The Journal of Antibiotics, vol.48, issue.4, pp.48-326, 1995.
DOI : 10.7164/antibiotics.48.326

]. H. Knölker and W. Frohner, ChemInform Abstract: Transition-Metal Complexes in Organic Synthesis. Part 37. Convergent Iron-Mediated Total Synthesis of the Potent Lipid Peroxidation Inhibitor Carbazoquinocin C., ChemInform, vol.38, issue.25, pp.38-1535, 1997.
DOI : 10.1002/chin.199725204

H. J. Knölker and W. Frohner, Transition metal complexes in organic synthesis. Part 39. First total synthesis of the potent neuronal cell protecting substance (±)-carquinostatin A via iron-and nickelmediated coupling reactions, Synlett, vol.9, pp.1108-1110, 1997.

H. J. Knölker, E. Baum, and K. R. Reddy, ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Complexes in Organic Synthesis. Part 58. First Enantioselective Total Synthesis of the Potent Neuronal Cell Protecting Substance Carquinostatin A from (R)-Propene Oxide., ChemInform, vol.41, issue.21, pp.41-1171, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/chin.200021213

H. J. Knölker, K. R. Reddy, . J. Indoloquinones-]-h, K. R. Knölker, A. Reddy et al., Part 6 First palladium-mediated oxidative cyclization of arylamino- 1,2-benzoquinones to carbazole-3,4-quinones. Application to the total synthesis of carbazoquinocin C and (±)-carquinostatin A Indoloquinones. Part 5. Palladium-catalyzed total synthesis of the potent lipid peroxidation inhibitor carbazoquinocin C Indoloquinones, part 7. Total synthesis of the potent lipid peroxidation inhibitor carbazoquinocin C by an intramolecular palladium-catalyzed oxidative coupling of an anilino-1,4-benzoquinone. Synthesis Synthesis of new tetracyclic oxazolocarbazoles as functionalized precursors to antioxidative agents, antiostatins and carbazoquinocins, Sugino, S. Hibino. Total Syntheses of Carazostatin, Hyellazole, and Carbazoquinocins B-F, pp.596-598, 1996.

]. A. Aygun and U. Pindur, ChemInform Abstract: A New and Effective Method to Carbazoquinocin C and Related Carbazole-3,4-quinones as Biological Antioxidants: Key Reactions of 2-Vinylindoles with Oxalyl Chloride., [15] A. Aygun, U. Pindur. Synthesis and biological evaluation of structural variants of carbazoquinocin C, pp.62-2535, 1997.
DOI : 10.1002/chin.200113225

J. , H. Chem, M. Rawat, and W. D. Wulff, Total Synthesis of Carbazoquinocin C: Application of the o-Benzannulation of Fischer Carbene Complexes to Carbazole-3,4-quinone Alkaloids, Organic Letters, issue.33, pp.40-411, 2003.

A. M. Echavarren, N. Tamayo, O. De-frutos, A. Garcia-]-k, T. Kobayashi et al., Synthesis of benzo A simple synthesis of benzocarbazolequinones via o-nitroarylation of 2-hydroxy- 1,4-naphthoquinones From phenylacetylphenylacetic acids to indoles: a simple new divergent synthesis of 6, Tetrahedron Letters Heterocycles, vol.51, issue.6, pp.53-16835, 1997.

]. V. Bernardes-genisson, P. Nebois, M. Domard, and H. Fillion, Reactivity of an o-Indoloquinone to 1- and 2-Azadienes., CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN, vol.48, issue.6, pp.58-3015, 1920.
DOI : 10.1248/cpb.48.893

]. P. Cai, J. K. Snyder, J. Chen, R. Fine, L. Volicer et al., Preparation, reactivity, and neurotoxicity of tryptamine-4,5-dione Preparations of tryptamine-4,5-diones, and their diels-alder and nucleophilic addition reactions Heterocycles Synthetic transformations of higher terpenoids: V. 2-methyl-4,5-dioxo- 3ethoxycarbonyl-4,5-dihydroindole, A new dienophile. Synthesis of indoloterpenes from levopimaric acid, [24] M. Compain-Batissou, D. Latrèche, J. Gentili, N. Walchshofer, Z. Bouaziz. Synthesis and diels-alder reactivity of ortho-carbazolequinones, pp.48-893, 1990.

N. Chemoselective, D. C. Zimmer, S. W. Lankin, and . Horgan, Oxidations with potassium nitrodisulfonate (Fremy's radical) Teuber reaction Regiospecific hetero Diels-Alder synthesis of pyrido, Tetrahedron Chem. Rev. Heterocycles, vol.2623, issue.7123, pp.51-5681, 1971.

]. L. Horner, H. Merz-nair, S. M. Kumar30-]-a, J. K. Echavarren, L. Stille et al., Diels-alder reactions of o-benzoquinones with acyclic dienes Total synthesis of amphimedine Synthesis of phenols from diazonium tetrafluoborates; a useful modification Can Miser. A simple preparation of phenols from diazonium ions via generation and oxidation of aryl radicals by copper salts, Über die Einwirkung von Olefinen auf Substituierte o-Chinone Justus Liebigs Ann Teuber, G. Jellinek. Reaktionen mit Nitrosodisulfonat, VII. Mitteil.: Oxydation von primären aromatischen Aminen Chem, pp.89-120, 1950.

Z. Kenntnis-der-o-chinone, V. H. Furukawa, T. S. Wu, T. Ohta, and C. S. Kuoh, Chinon-imide als Zwischenprodukte bei der Einwirkung des Fremyschen Salzes auf aromatische Amine, Chemical constituents of Murraya euchrestifolia Hayata. Structures of novel carbazolequinones and other new carbazole alkaloids, pp.329-338, 1955.

T. S. Wu, T. Ohta, H. Furukawa, C. S. Kuoh-nakagawa, T. S. Wu et al., New carbazole alkaloids from Murraya euchrestifolia New carbazolequinones having dimethylpyran ring system, from Murraya euchrestifolia New carbazole alkaloids from Murraya euchrestifolia Alkaloidal constituents of Murraya koenigii. Isolation and structural elucidation of novel binary carbazolequinones and carbazole alkaloids Carbazoloquinones from Murraya koenigii Structure and synthesis of clausenaquinone-A. A novel carbazolequinone alkaloid and bioactive principle from Clausena excavata Calothrixins A and B, Novel pentacyclic metabolites from Calothrix Cyanobacteria with potent activity against Malaria parasites and human cancer cells Triphasic inotropic response of guinea pig papillary muscle to murrayaquinone-A isolated from Rutaceae Eur, Tachibana, K.F. Bastow, K.-H. Lee. Antitumor Agents 203. Carbazole alkaloid murrayaquinone A and related synthetic carbazolequinones as cytotoxic agents, pp.33-4132, 1983.

J. Nat, G. Prod-abebajo, E. Olayiwola, E. O. Verspohl, N. O. Iwalewa et al., Evaluation of the ethnomedical claims of Murraya koenigii Biarylic biscarbazole alkaloids: occurrence, stereochemistry, synthesis, and bioactivity. The Chemical Record Inhibition of bacterial RNA polymerase by cyanobacterial metabolites 12-epi- hapalindone E isonitrile and calothrixin A, Human cancer cell (Jurkat) killing by the cyanobacterial metabolite calothrixin A, pp.63-893, 2000.

G. Bringmann, A. Ledermann, J. Holenz, M. T. Kao, U. Busse et al., Antiplasmodial activity of mono-and dimeric carbazoles Planta Medica, J. Med. Chem, vol.64, issue.201, pp.47-4958, 1998.

C. Asche, W. Frank, A. Albert, and U. Kucklaender, Synthesis, antitumor activity and structure-activity relationships of 5H- benzo[b]carbazoles, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, issue.3, pp.13-819, 2005.

M. Sasho, S. Akai, J. Sekihachi, R. Okunaka, and Y. Kita, Total synthesis of a D-ring indole analog of daunomycin, Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, vol.19, pp.1474-1476, 1987.

H. Quinones and V. Part, Synthesis and antibacterial screening of certain new carbazoloquinone derivatives of sulfonamides, Egyptian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol.17, issue.2, pp.145-152, 1978.

N. T. Doan, R. W. Rickards, J. M. Rothschild, and G. D. Smith, Allelopathic actions of the alkaloid 12-epi-hapalindole E isonitrile and calothrixin A from cyanobacteria of the genera Fischerella and Calothrix, Journal of Applied Phycology, vol.12, pp.3-5, 2000.

A. S. Yanni, Z. H. Khalil, A. A. Shiraishi, S. Ikeuchi, M. Seno et al., Timmawy Synthesis of some new sulfonamide derivatives of 7-chloroquinoline-5,8-dione and pyridocarbazolediones A Collection of, Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, vol.59, issue.7, pp.56-1489, 1991.

]. T. Hayakawa, K. Araki, and S. Shiraishi, An account of the Site and Regio-selectivity in the reaction of Nitrile oxides with substituted p-benzoquinones by Frontier Molecular Theory, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn, vol.57, issue.36, pp.51-921, 1978.

G. A. Conway, L. J. Loeffler, I. H. Hall, J. Med-chem, G. Brahmeshwari et al., Synthesis of 3-arylnaphth 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrile oxides to 1,4-naphtoquinone derivatives Cycloaddition reactions of 2,3-diphenylquinoxaline-5,6-dione. Synthesis of novel pyrazolo [3,4-g] quinoxalinequinone, isoxazolo[4,5-g] quinoxalinequinone and pyrrolo(3,4-g] quinoxalinequinone Regiocontrolled [3,2] quinine nitrile oxide entry to type II polyketide building blocks Tetrahedron Letters Cytostatic quinones. II. Synthesis of N-glycosyl heterocyclic quinones Eur Study on v-triazoles. 9. antiallergic 4,9-dihydro-4,9-dioxo-1H-naphtho Study on v-triazoles. Part 8. nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reactions of nitro-4,9-dihydro-4,9-dioxo-1H-naphtho Thermal reactivity of tricyclic 4,5-diacyltriazolines resulting from addition of aryl azides to 1,4-naphthoquinone and 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone The reaction of aryl azides with 1,4-quinones dipolar cycloaddition of azidoalkylphosphoantes and carboxylates to maleimide and naphthoquinone Organic preparations and procedures int Synthesis of a bifunctional 2,4-dihydroxy five carbon synthon. Enantiomerically pure ?2-isoxazolines by chromatographic resolution Regiospecific synthesis of pyrido[3,4-b]-and pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole-5,11-dione derivatives. Evaluation of their in vitro antifungal or antiprotozoological activities Development of the Colle-Salvetti correlation-energy formula into a functional of the electron density Density-functional thermochemistry . III. The role of exact exchange Studies on v-triazoles. Part 4. the methoxybenzylgroup, a versatile N-protecting group fort he synthesis of N-unsubstituted v-triazoles, 625 -635 [76] C. Grundmann, J.M. Dean. Nitriles oxides . V. stable aromatic nitrile oxides-Ripoll. Synthesis of 4-(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl)-1: molecular structure and reactivity of the 1 Joseph, L. Martarello, G. Kirsch Tetracyclic compounds from tetrahydrocarbazolones. II: synthesis from 1-ones J. Chem. Research (S) J. Chem. Research (M)86] H. Iida, Y. Yuasa, C. Kibayashi. Intramolecular cyclization of enaminones involving arylpalladium complexes Bouaziz, A. Ghérardi, F. Régnier, M.E. Sarciron, X. Bertheau, B. Fenet, N. Walchshofer, H. Fillion. Synthesis of carbazolequinone derivatives as inhibitors of Toxoplasma gondii Purine Nucloside Phosphorylase, pp.57-2216, 1965.

]. A. Wolf, D. Cowen, and B. Paige, HUMAN TOXOPLASMOSIS: OCCURRENCE IN INFANTS AS AN ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VERIFICATION BY TRANSMISSION TO ANIMALS, Science, vol.89, issue.2306, pp.1834-1838, 1939.
DOI : 10.1126/science.89.2306.226

G. Desmonts, J. Couvreur, F. Alison, J. Baudelot, J. Gerbeaux et al., Etude épidémiologique sur la toxoplasmose: de l'influence de la cuisson des viandes de boucherie sur la fréquence de l'infection humaine, Rev Fr Etudes Clin Biol, vol.10, pp.952-958, 1965.

W. M. Hutchison, Experimental Transmission of Toxoplasma gondii, Nature, vol.46, issue.4987, pp.961-962, 1965.
DOI : 10.1038/206961a0

J. K. Frenkel, J. P. Dubey, and M. L. Miller, Toxoplasma gondii: Fecal Forms Separated from Eggs of the Nematode Toxocara cati, Science, vol.164, issue.3878, pp.432-465, 1969.
DOI : 10.1126/science.164.3878.432

J. P. Dubey, D. S. Lindsay, and C. A. Speer, Structures of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites, bradyzoites, and sporozoites and biology and development of tissue cysts, Clin Microbiol Rev, issue.2, pp.11-267, 1998.

D. S. Lindsay, B. L. Blagburn, and J. P. Dubey, Survival of nonsporulated Toxoplasma gondii oocysts under refrigerator conditions, Veterinary Parasitology, vol.103, issue.4, pp.309-313, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-4017(01)00554-4

J. P. Dubey, N. L. Miller, and J. K. , Characterization of the New Fecal Form of Toxoplasma gondii, The Journal of Parasitology, vol.56, issue.3
DOI : 10.2307/3277601

R. Evans, Life cycle and animal infection

T. Ancelle, V. Goulet, V. Tirard-fleury, L. Baril, C. Du-mazaubrun et al., La toxoplasmose chez la femme enceinte en France en 1995, pp.227-229, 1996.

T. Ancelle, V. Goulet, V. Tirard-fleury, L. Baril, C. Du-mazaubrun et al., La toxoplasmose chez la femme enceinte en France en 1995

]. F. Berger, La toxoplasmose en France chez la femme enceinte: séroprévalence et estimation de l

M. Mémoire-de-master, Epidémiologie et recherche clinique, 2005.

E. Candolfi, M. L. Partisani, E. De-mautort, S. Bethencourt, M. Frantz et al., Séroprévalence de la toxoplasmose chez 346 sujets infectés par le VIH dans l'est de la France

F. Bourdillon, F. Raffi, and C. Pradier, Les principales circonstances de survenue de la toxoplasmose cérébrale chez les patients atteints par le V.I.H. en France, 1987.

R. E. Mc-cabe, R. G. Brooks, and R. J. Dorfman, Clinical Spectrum in 107 Cases of Toxoplasmic Lymphadenopathy, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.9, issue.4, pp.754-774, 1987.
DOI : 10.1093/clinids/9.4.754

J. Diebold, J. Audouin, A. Letourneau, and S. Caulet, La lymphadénite toxoplasmique. Différents aspects histopathologiques. Revue Française des Laboratoires, pp.83-89, 1988.

W. R. Bowie, A. S. King, D. H. Werker, J. L. Isaac-renton, A. Bell et al., Outbreak of toxoplasmosis associated with municipal drinking water, The Lancet, vol.350, issue.9072, pp.173-177, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)11105-3

S. K. Magid and L. J. Kagen, Serologic evidence for acute toxoplasmosis in polymyositis-dermatomyositis, The American Journal of Medicine, vol.75, issue.2
DOI : 10.1016/0002-9343(83)91210-X

S. D. Mawhorter, D. Effron, R. Blinkhorn, and P. J. Spagnuolo, Cutaneous Manifestations of Toxoplasmosis, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.14, issue.5, pp.1084-1088, 1992.
DOI : 10.1093/clinids/14.5.1084

J. Chandenier, G. Jarry, D. Nassif, Y. Douadi, L. Paris et al., Congestive heart failure and myocarditis after seroconversion for toxoplasmosis in two immunocompetent patients

]. C. Pomeroy and G. A. Filice, Pulmonary Toxoplasmosis: A Review, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.14, issue.4, pp.863-870, 1992.
DOI : 10.1093/clinids/14.4.863

C. Rabaud, T. May, J. C. Lucet, C. Leport, P. Ambroise-thomas et al., Pulmonary Toxoplasmosis in Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A French National Survey, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.23, issue.6, pp.1249-1254, 1996.
DOI : 10.1093/clinids/23.6.1249

B. J. Luft, Y. Naot, F. G. Araujo, E. B. Stinson, and J. S. Remington, Primary and reactivated Toxoplasma infection in patients with cardiac transplants. Clinical spectrum and problems in diagnosis in a defined population

G. E. Speirs, M. Hakim, R. Y. Calne, and T. G. Wreghitt, Relative risk of donor-transmitted Toxoplasma gondii infection in heart, liver and kidney transplant recipients

]. D. Israelski and J. S. Remington, Toxoplasmosis in the non-AIDS immunocompromised host

A. Mele, P. J. Paterson, H. G. Prentice, P. Leoni, and C. C. Kibbler, Toxoplasmosis in bone marrow transplantation: a report of two cases and systematic review of the literature, Bone Marrow Transplantation, vol.29, issue.8, pp.691-698, 2002.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.bmt.1703425

B. J. Luft, R. Hafner, A. H. Korzun, C. Leport, D. Antoniskis et al., Toxoplasmic Encephalitis in Patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.329, issue.14, pp.995-1000, 1993.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM199309303291403

F. Raffi, J. P. Aboulker, C. Michelet, V. Reliquet, H. Pelloux et al., A prospective study of criteria for the diagnosis of toxoplasmic encephalitis in 186 AIDS patients, AIDS, vol.11, issue.2, pp.177-184, 1997.
DOI : 10.1097/00002030-199702000-00007

F. Gray, R. Gherardi, E. Wingate, J. Wingate, G. Fenelon et al., Diffuse ?encephalitic? cerebral toxoplasmosis in AIDS, Journal of Neurology, vol.14, issue.5
DOI : 10.1007/BF00314455

G. N. Holland, Ocular Toxoplasmosis, Archives of Ophthalmology, vol.120, issue.8
DOI : 10.1001/archopht.120.8.1081

]. G. Holland, Ocular Toxoplasmosis, Archives of Ophthalmology, vol.120, issue.8
DOI : 10.1001/archopht.120.8.1081

C. Rabaud, T. May, C. Amiel, C. Katlama, C. Leport et al., Extracerebral Toxoplasmosis in Patients Infected with HIV A French National Survey, Medicine, vol.73, issue.6, pp.306-314, 1994.
DOI : 10.1097/00005792-199411000-00004

J. C. Lucet, M. P. Bailly, J. P. Bedos, M. Wolff, B. Gachot et al., Septic Shock Due to Toxoplasmosis in Patients Infected With the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Chest, vol.104, issue.4, pp.1054-1058, 1993.
DOI : 10.1378/chest.104.4.1054

M. Ganji, A. Tan, M. I. Maitar, C. M. Weldon-linne, E. Weisenberg et al., Gastric toxoplasmosis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. A case report and review of the literature, Arch Pathol Lab Med, vol.127, pp.732-734, 2003.

D. Dunn, M. Wallon, F. Peyron, E. Pertersen, C. Peckham et al., Mother-to-child transmission of toxoplasmosis: risk estimates for clinical counselling, The Lancet, vol.353, issue.9167, pp.1829-1833, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)08220-8

]. G. Desmonts and J. Couvreur, Toxoplasmose congénitale. Etude prospective de l'issue de la grossesse chez 542 femmes atteintes de toxoplasmose acquise en cours de gestation

F. Peyron, M. Wallon, and C. Bernardoux, Long-Term Follow-up of Patients with Congenital Ocular Toxoplasmosis, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.334, issue.15
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM199604113341517

]. F. Jacquemard, Clinical aspects of infection during pregnancyCongenital toxoplasmosis, pp.111-120, 2000.

M. Wallon, L. Kodjikian, C. Binquet, J. Garweg, J. Fleury et al., Long-Term Ocular Prognosis in 327 Children With Congenital Toxoplasmosis, PEDIATRICS, vol.113, issue.6, pp.1567-1572, 2004.
DOI : 10.1542/peds.113.6.1567

J. Couvreur, C. Leport, Y. V. Merignac, T. C. Barriere, S. L. Williams et al., Toxoplasma gondii in : Antimicrobial Therapy and vaccines, pp.600-612, 1998.

L. H. Bosch-driessen, F. D. Verbraak, M. S. Suttorp-schulten, R. L. Van-ruyven, A. M. Klok et al., A prospective, randomized trial of pyrimethamine and azithromycin vs pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine for the treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis, American Journal of Ophthalmology, vol.134, issue.1
DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9394(02)01537-4

F. Daffos, F. Forestier, M. Capella-pavlovsky, P. Thulliez, C. Aufrant et al., Prenatal management of 746 pregnancies at risk for congenital toxoplasmosis, N Engl J Med, pp.318-271, 1988.

P. Hohlfeld, F. Daffos, P. Thulliez, C. Aufrant, J. Couvreur et al., Fetal Toxoplasmosis, Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, vol.45, issue.6
DOI : 10.1097/00006254-199006000-00013

W. Foulon, I. Villena, B. Stray-pedersen, A. Decoster, M. Lappalainen et al., Treatment of toxoplasmosis during pregnancy: A multicenter study of impact on fetal transmission and children???s sequelae at age 1 year, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol.180, issue.2
DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9378(99)70224-3

L. Gras, R. E. Gilbert, A. E. Ades, and D. Dunn, Effect of prenatal treatment on the risk of intracranial and ocular lesions in children with congenital toxoplasmosis, International Journal of Epidemiology, vol.30, issue.6
DOI : 10.1093/ije/30.6.1309

R. E. Gilbert, L. Gras, M. Wallon, F. Peyron, A. E. Ades et al., Effect of prenatal treatment on mother to child transmission of Toxoplasma gondii: retrospective cohort study of 554 mother-child pairs in Lyon, France, International Journal of Epidemiology, vol.30, issue.6
DOI : 10.1093/ije/30.6.1303

]. R. Gilbert and L. Gras, European Multicentre Study on Congenital Toxoplasmosis. Effect of timing and type of treatment on the risk of mother to child transmission of Toxoplasma gondii, BJOG, vol.110, pp.112-132, 2003.

J. Mcauley, K. M. Boyer, D. Patel, M. Mets, C. Swisher et al., EARLY AND LONGITUDINAL EVALUATIONS OF TREATED INFANTS AND CHILDREN AND UNTREATED HISTORICAL PATIENTS WITH CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS, The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, vol.13, issue.9, pp.38-72, 1994.
DOI : 10.1097/00006454-199409000-00033

N. Roizen, C. N. Swisher, M. A. Stein, J. Hopkins, K. M. Boyer et al., Neurologic and developmental outcome in treated congenital toxoplasmosis, Pediatrics, vol.95, pp.11-20, 1995.

A. P. Brezin, P. Thulliez, J. Couvreur, R. Nobre, R. Mcleod et al., Ophthalmic outcomes after prenatal and postnatal treatment of congenital toxoplasmosis, American Journal of Ophthalmology, vol.135, issue.6
DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9394(02)01704-X

G. N. Holland and K. G. Lewis, An update on current practices in the management of ocular toxoplasmosis

P. A. Pearson, A. R. Piracha, H. A. Sen, and G. J. Jaffe, Atovaquone for the treatment of toxoplasma retinochoroiditis in immunocompetent patients11The authors have no financial interest in atovaquone or Burroughs Wellcome Co., Ophthalmology, vol.106, issue.1, pp.148-153, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0161-6420(99)90021-0

M. R. Stanford, S. E. See, L. V. Jones, and R. E. Gilbert, Antibiotics for toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis, Ophthalmology, vol.110, issue.5, pp.926-931, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0161-6420(03)00083-6

D. Torre, F. Speranza, R. Martegani, C. Zeroli, M. Banfi et al., A retrospective study of treatment of cerebral toxoplasmosis in AIDS patients with trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole

C. Katlama, B. Mouthon, D. Gourdon, D. Lapierre, and F. Rousseau, Atovaquone as long-term suppressive therapy for toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with AIDS and multiple drug intolerance, Atovaquone Expanded Access Group. AIDS, vol.10, pp.1107-1112, 1996.

A. B. Foot, Y. J. Garin, P. Ribaud, A. Devergie, F. Derouin et al., Prophylaxis of toxoplasmosis infection with pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine (Fansidar) in bone marrow transplant recipients, Bone Marrow Transplant, vol.14, pp.241-245, 1994.

L. R. Baden, J. T. Katz, L. Franck, S. Tsang, M. Hall et al., Successful toxoplasmosis prophylaxis after orthotopic cardiac transplantation with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole1, Transplantation, vol.75, issue.3, pp.339-343, 2003.
DOI : 10.1097/01.TP.0000044864.99398.F1

L. Moroni, R. Ortona, A. Esposito, B. Cossarizza, and . De-rienzo, Discontinuation of primary prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplasmic encephalitis in human immunodeficiency virus type I-infected patients: the changes in opportunistic prophylaxis study, J Infect Dis, vol.181, pp.1635-1642, 2000.

H. Furrer, M. Opravil, E. Bernasconi, A. Telenti, and M. , Egger Stopping primary prophylaxis in HIV-1-infected patients at high risk of Toxoplasma encephalitis, Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Lancet, vol.355, pp.2217-2218, 2000.

V. Soriano, C. Dona, R. Rodriguez-rosado, P. Barreiro, and J. Gonzalez-lahoz, Discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis for opportunistic infections in HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy, AIDS, vol.14, issue.4, pp.383-386, 2000.
DOI : 10.1097/00002030-200003100-00011

H. R. Chang and J. C. , In vitro effects of four macrolides (roxithromycin, spiramycin, azithromycin [CP-62,993], and A-56268) on Toxoplasma gondii., Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.32, issue.4, pp.524-529, 1988.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.32.4.524

J. Blais, V. Garneau, and S. Chamberland, Inhibition of Toxoplasma gondii protein synthesis by azithromycin., Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.37, issue.8, pp.1701-1703, 1993.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.37.8.1701

B. Luft, In vivo and in vitro activity of roxithromycin againstToxoplasma gondii in mice, European Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol.26, issue.4, pp.479-481, 1987.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02013115

F. G. Araujo, A. A. Khan, T. L. Slifer, A. Bryskier, and J. S. , Remington The ketolide antibiotics HMR 3647 and HMR 3004 are active against Toxoplasma gondiii in vitro and in murine models of infection Antimicrob, Agents Chemother, vol.41, pp.2137-2140, 1997.

J. Blais, C. Tardif, and S. , Effect of clindamycin on intracellular replication, protein synthesis, and infectivity of Toxoplasma gondii., Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.37, issue.12, pp.2571-2577, 1993.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.37.12.2571

B. R. Dannemann, D. M. Israelski, and J. S. Remington, Treatment of Toxoplasmic Encephalitis With Intravenous Clindamycin, Archives of Internal Medicine, vol.148, issue.11, pp.2477-2482, 1988.
DOI : 10.1001/archinte.1988.00380110109023

J. M. Hofflin and J. S. Remington, Clindamycin in a murine model of toxoplasmic encephalitis., Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.31, issue.4, pp.31-492, 1987.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.31.4.492

F. Derouin and C. , In vitro effects of folate inhibitors on Toxoplasma gondii., Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.33, issue.10, pp.1753-1759, 1989.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.33.10.1753

F. G. Araujo, J. Huskinson, and J. S. Remington, Remarkable in vitro and in vivo activities of the hydroxynaphthoquinone 566C80 against tachyzoites and tissue cysts of Toxoplasma gondii., Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.35, issue.2, pp.293-299, 1991.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.35.2.293

F. G. Araujo, J. Huskinson-mark, W. E. Gutteridge, and J. S. , In vitro and in vivo activities of the hydroxynaphthoquinone 566C80 against the cyst form of Toxoplasma gondii., Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.36, issue.2, pp.326-330, 1992.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.36.2.326

S. Romand, M. Pudney, and F. Derouin, In vitro and in vivo activities of the hydroxynaphthoquinone atovaquone alone or combined with pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, clarithromycin, or minocycline against Toxoplasma gondii., Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.37, issue.11, pp.2371-2378, 1993.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.37.11.2371

A. L. Baggish, D. R. Scholer, K. Krause, O. Kayser, R. H. Muller et al., Antiparasitic Agent Atovaquone, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.46, issue.5, pp.1163-1673, 2001.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.46.5.1163-1173.2002
URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC127192

J. A. Kovacs, C. J. Allegra, J. C. Swan, J. C. Drake, J. E. Parrillo et al., Potent antipneumocystis and antitoxoplasma activities of piritrexim, a lipid-soluble antifolate., Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.32, issue.4, pp.430-433, 1988.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.32.4.430

H. R. Chang, D. Arsenijevic, R. Comte, A. M. Polak, R. L. Then et al., Activity of epiroprim (Ro 11-8958), a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, alone and in combination with dapsone against Toxoplasma gondii., Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.38, issue.8, pp.1803-1807, 1994.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.38.8.1803

M. Brun-pascaud, F. Chau, L. Garry, D. Jacobus, F. Derouin et al., Girard Combination of PS-15, Epiroprim, or Pyrimethamine with Dapsone in Prophylaxis of Toxoplasma gondii and Pneumocystis carinii Dual Infection in a Rat Model Antimicrob, Agents Chemother, vol.40, pp.2067-2070, 1996.

H. H. Locher, H. Schlunegger, P. G. Hartman, P. Angehrn, and R. L. , Then Antibacterial activities of Epiroprim, a new Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitor, alone and in combination with Dapsone Antimicrob, Agents Chemother, vol.40, pp.1376-1381, 1996.

A. Rosowsky, J. B. Hynes, and S. F. , Structure-activity and structure-selectivity studies on diaminoquinazolines and other inhibitors of Pneumocystis carinii and Toxoplasma gondii dihydrofolate reductase, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.39, issue.1, pp.79-86, 1995.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.39.1.79

H. C. Jackson, K. Biggadike, E. Mckilligin, O. S. Kinsman, S. F. Queener et al., diaminopteridines: novel inhibitors of Pneumocystis carinii and Toxoplasma gondii Dihydrofolate Reductase Antimicrob, J.E. Smith Agents Chemother, vol.6, issue.40, pp.1371-1375, 1996.

H. Lau, J. T. Ferlan, V. H. Brophy, A. Rosowsky, and C. , Hopkins Sibley Efficacies of lipophilic inhibitors of Dihydrofolate Reductase against parasitic protozoa Antimicrob, Agents Chemother, pp.45-187, 2001.

L. C. Chio, L. A. Bolyard, M. Nasr, and S. F. , Queener Identification of a class of sulfonamides highly active against Dihydropteroate Synthase from Toxoplasma gondii, Pneumocystis carinii, and Mycobacterium avium Antimicrob, Agents Chemother, vol.40, pp.727-733, 1996.

A. A. Khan, M. Nasr, and F. G. , Araujo Two 2-Hydroxy-3-Alkyl-1,4-Naphthoquinones with in vitro and in vivo activities against Toxoplasma gondii, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother, vol.42, pp.2284-2289, 1998.

R. A. Ferreira, A. Oliveira, S. A. Gualberto, and R. W. , Vitor Activity of natural and synthetic naphthoquinones against Toxoplasma gondii, in vitro and in murine models of infection Parasite, pp.261-269, 2002.

R. A. Ferreira, A. Oliveira, M. F. Ribeiro, W. L. Tafuri, and R. W. , Vitor Toxoplasma gondii: in vitro and in vivo activities of the hydroxynaphthoquinone 2- hydroxy-3-(1'-propen-3-phenyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone alone or combined with sulfadiazine

H. R. Chang, R. Comte, and J. C. , In vitro and in vivo effects of doxycycline on Toxoplasma gondii., Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.34, issue.5, pp.775-780, 1990.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.34.5.775

A. A. Khan, T. Slifer, F. G. Araujo, R. J. Polzer, and J. S. Remington, Activity of Trovafloxacin in combination with other drugs for treatment of acute murine toxoplasmosis, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother, pp.41-893, 1997.

A. A. Khan, F. G. Araujo, K. E. Brighty, T. D. Gootz, and J. S. , Remington Anti-Toxoplasma gondii activities and Structure-Activity Relationships of novel fluoroquinolones related to Trovafloxacin Antimicrob, Agents Chemother, vol.43, pp.1783-1787, 1999.

A. A. Khan, T. R. Slifer, F. G. Araujo, and J. S. Remington, Activity of Gatifloxacin Alone or in Combination with Pyrimethamine or Gamma Interferon against Toxoplasma gondii, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.45, issue.1, pp.48-51, 2001.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.45.1.48-51.2001

R. Gozalbes, M. Brun-pascaud, R. Garcia-domenech, J. Galvez, P. M. Girard et al., Anti-Toxoplasma Activities of 24 Quinolones and Fluoroquinolones In Vitro: Prediction of Activity by Molecular Topology and Virtual Computational Techniques, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.44, issue.10, pp.2771-2776, 2000.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.44.10.2771-2776.2000

G. Anquetin, M. Rouquayrol, N. Mahmoudi, M. Santillana-hayat, R. Gozalbes et al., Vierling Synthesis of new fluoroquinolones and evaluation of their in vitro activity on Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium spp, Bioorg Med Chem Lett, issue.11, pp.14-2773, 2004.

G. Anquetin, J. Greiner, and P. , Quinolone-Based Drugs Against Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium spp, Current Drug Target -Infectious Disorders, vol.5, issue.3, pp.227-245, 2005.
DOI : 10.2174/1568005054880172

S. Romand, C. Della-bruna, R. Farinotti, and F. , Derouin In vitro and in vivo effects of Rifabutin alone or combined with Atovaquone against Toxoplasma gondii Antimicrob, Agents Chemother, vol.40, pp.2015-2020, 1996.

F. G. Araujo, T. Slifer, and J. S. , Rifabutin is active in murine models of toxoplasmosis., Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.38, issue.3, pp.570-575, 1994.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.38.3.570

F. G. Araujo, A. A. Khan, and J. S. , Remington Rifapentine is active in vitro and in vivo against Toxoplasma gondii Antimicrob, Agents Chemother, vol.40, pp.1335-1337, 1996.

A. A. Khan, T. R. Slifer, F. G. Araujo, and J. S. , Remington Quinupristin-Dalfopristin Is Active against Toxoplasma gondii Antimicrob, Agents Chemother, vol.43, pp.2043-2045, 1999.

P. D. Walzer, A. Ashbaugh, M. Collins, and M. T. , Cushion In vitro and in vivo effects of Quinupristin-Dalfopristin against Pneumocystis carinii Antimicrob, Agents Chemother, pp.45-3234, 2001.

H. R. Chang, W. Jefford, and J. Pechere, In vitro effects of three new 1,2,4-trioxanes (pentatroxane, thiahexatroxane, and hexatroxanone) on Toxoplasma gondii., Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.33, issue.10, pp.1748-1752, 1989.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.33.10.1748

K. Ou-yang, E. C. Krug, J. J. Marr, and R. L. Berens, Inhibition of growth of Toxoplasma gondii by qinghaosu and derivatives, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother, vol.34, pp.1961-1965, 1990.

E. Holfels, J. Mcauley, D. Mack, W. K. Milhous, and R. Mcleod, In vitro effects of artemisinin ether, cycloguanil hydrochloride (alone and in combination with sulfadiazine), quinine sulfate, mefloquine, primaquine phosphate, trifluoperazine hydrochloride, and verapamil on Toxoplasma gondii., Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.38, issue.6, pp.1392-1396, 1994.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.38.6.1392

M. E. Sarciron, C. Saccharin, A. F. Petavy, and F. , Peyron Effects of artesunate, dihydroartemisinin, and an artesunate-dihydroartemisinin combination against Toxoplasma gondii

L. Jones-brando, J. D. Angelo, G. H. Posner, and R. , In Vitro Inhibition of Toxoplasma gondii by Four New Derivatives of Artemisinin, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.50, issue.12, pp.4206-4208, 2006.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.00793-06

D. S. Lindsay, B. L. Blagburn, J. E. Hall, and R. R. , Activity of pentamidine and pentamidine analogs against Toxoplasma gondii in cell cultures., Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.35, issue.9, pp.1914-1916, 1991.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.35.9.1914

R. Estes, N. Vogel, D. Mack, and R. , Mcleod Paclitaxel arrests growth of intracellular Toxoplasma gondii Antimicrob, Agents Chemother, vol.42, pp.2036-2040, 1998.

D. G. Mack and R. , Mcleod New micromethod to study the effect of antimicrobial agents on Toxoplasma gondii: comparison of Sulfadoxine and Sulfadiazine individually and in combination with Pyrimethamine and study of Clindamycin, Metronidazole, and Cyclosporin A Antimicrob, Agents Chemother, vol.28, pp.26-30, 1984.

J. A. Silverman, M. L. Hayes, B. J. Luft, and K. A. , Joiner Characterization of anti-Toxoplasma Activity of SDZ 215-918, a Cyclosporin derivative lacking immunosuppressive and peptidyl-prolyl-isomerase-inhibiting activity: possible role of a P Glycoprotein in Toxoplasma physiology Antimicrob, Agents Chemother, pp.41-1859, 1997.

F. G. Araujo and T. , Slifer Nonionic block copolymers potentiate activities of drugs for treatment of infections with Toxoplasma gondii Antimicrob, Agents Chemother, pp.39-2696, 1995.

V. Conseil, M. Soete, and J. , Dubremetz Serine protease inhibitors block invasion of host cells by Toxoplasma gondii Antimicrob, Agents Chemother, vol.43, pp.1358-1361, 1999.

M. E. Sarciron, P. Lawton, C. Saccharin, A. F. Petavy, and F. , Peyron Effects of 2,'3'-Dideoxyinosine on Toxoplasma gondii cysts in mice, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother, pp.41-1531, 1997.

F. Derouin and M. , Anti-Toxoplasma Activities of Antiretroviral Drugs and Interactions with Pyrimethamine and Sulfadiazine In Vitro, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.44, issue.9, pp.2575-2577, 2000.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.44.9.2575-2577.2000

M. B. Martin, Bisphosphonates inhibit the growth of Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium falciparum: a potential route to chemotherapy

V. Yardley, A. A. Khan, M. B. Martin, T. R. Slifer, F. G. Araujo et al., In Vivo Activities of Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Synthase Inhibitors against Leishmania donovani and Toxoplasma gondii, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.46, issue.3, pp.929-931, 2002.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.46.3.929-931.2002

Y. Ling, G. Sahota, S. Odeh, J. M. Chan, F. G. Araujo et al., Oldfield Bisphosphonate inhibitors of Toxoplasma gondi growth, vitro, QSAR, and in vivo investigations

B. Nare, J. J. Allocco, P. A. Liberator, and R. G. , Evaluation of a Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Inhibitor in Treatment of Murine Toxoplasmosis: Gamma Interferon Is Required for Efficacy, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.46, issue.2, pp.300-307, 2002.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.46.2.300-307.2002

F. Dzierszinski, A. Coppin, M. Mortuaire, E. Dewailly, C. Slomianny et al., Ligands of the Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptor Are Potent Inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii In Vitro, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.46, issue.10, pp.3197-3207, 2002.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.46.10.3197-3207.2002

T. Asai, T. Takeuchi, J. Diffenderfer, and L. D. , Identification of Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Nucleoside Triphosphate Hydrolase in Toxoplasma gondii, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.46, issue.8, pp.2393-2399, 2002.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.46.8.2393-2399.2002

M. H. Iltzsch, S. S. Uber, K. O. Tankersly, and M. H. Kouni, Structure-activity relationship for the binding of nucleoside ligands to adenosine kinase from Toxoplasma gondii, Biochemical Pharmacology, vol.49, issue.10, pp.1501-1512, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0006-2952(95)00029-Y

M. H. Kouni, V. Guarcello, O. N. Safarjalani, and F. N. , Naguib Metabolism and selective toxicity of 6-Nitrobenzylthioinosine in Toxoplasma gondii, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother, vol.43, pp.2437-2443, 1999.

O. N. Safarjalani, F. N. Naguib, and M. H. , el Kouni Uptake of nitrobenzylthioinosine and purine ?-L-Nucleosides by intracellular Toxoplasma gondii, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother, pp.47-3247, 2003.

R. H. Rais, O. N. Safarjalani, V. Yadav, V. Guarcello, M. Kirk et al., el Kouni 6-Benzylthioinosine analogues as subversive substrate of Toxoplasma gondii adenosine kinase: Activities and selective toxicities Biochemical Pharmacology, pp.69-1409, 2005.

V. Yadav, C. K. Chu, R. H. Rais, O. N. Safarjalani, V. Guarcello et al., el Kouni Synthesis, biological activity and molecular modeling of 6-benzylthioinosine analogues as subversive substrates of Toxoplasma gondii adenosine kinase

A. Gupte, J. K. Buolamwini, V. Yadav, C. K. Chu, F. N. Naguib et al., 6-Benzylthioinosine analogues: Promising anti-toxoplasmic agents as inhibitors of the mammalian nucleoside transporter ENT1 (es), Biochemical Pharmacology, vol.71, issue.1-2, pp.69-73, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bcp.2005.10.031

Y. A. Kim, A. Sharon, C. K. Chu, R. H. Rais, O. N. Safarjalani et al., el Kouni Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling studies of N6- benzyladenosine analogues as potential anti-toxoplasma agents, Biochemical Pharmacology, issue.10, pp.73-1558, 2007.

W. J. Sullivan-jr, S. E. Dixon, C. Li, B. Striepen, and S. F. , IMP Dehydrogenase from the Protozoan Parasite Toxoplasma gondii, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.49, issue.6, pp.2172-2179, 2005.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.49.6.2172-2179.2005

S. Sonda, G. Sala, R. Ghidoni, A. Hemphill, and J. , Inhibitory Effect of Aureobasidin A on Toxoplasma gondii, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.49, issue.5, pp.1794-1801, 2005.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.49.5.1794-1801.2005

E. J. Mui, D. Jacobus, W. K. Milhous, G. Schiehser, H. Hsu et al., Triazine Inhibits Toxoplasma gondii Tachyzoites In Vitro and In Vivo, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.49, issue.8, pp.3463-3467, 2005.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.49.8.3463-3467.2005

A. Saleh, J. Friesen, S. Baumeister, U. Gross, and W. , Growth Inhibition of Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium falciparum by Nanomolar Concentrations of 1-Hydroxy-2-Dodecyl-4(1H)Quinolone, a High-Affinity Inhibitor of Alternative (Type II) NADH Dehydrogenases, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.51, issue.4, pp.1217-1222, 2007.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.00895-06

C. F. Teo, X. W. Zhou, M. Bogyo, and V. B. , Carruthers Cysteine protease inhibitors block Toxoplasma gondii microneme secretion and cell invasion Antimicrob, Agents Chemother, pp.51-679, 2007.
DOI : 10.1128/aac.01059-06
URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1797762

A. T. Smith, M. R. Livingston, A. Mai, P. Filetici, S. F. Queener et al., Quinoline Derivative MC1626, a Putative GCN5 Histone Acetyltransferase (HAT) Inhibitor, Exhibits HAT-Independent Activity against Toxoplasma gondii, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.51, issue.3, pp.1109-1111, 2007.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.01256-06

M. E. Sarciron, P. Nebois, F. Pautet, A. F. Pétavy, H. F. et al., Walchshofer Quinonic derivatives active against Toxoplasma gondii Parasitology Research, pp.88-969, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s00436-002-0615-6

R. A. Tapia, Y. Prieto, F. Pautet, N. Walchshofer, H. Fillion et al., Synthesis and antiprotozoal evaluation of benzothiazolopyrroloquinoxalinones, analogues of kuanoniamine A, Bioorg Med Chem, issue.16, pp.11-3407, 2003.

R. A. Tapia, L. Alegria, C. D. Pessoa, C. Salas, M. J. Cortes et al., Fillion Synthesis and antiprotozoal activity of naphthofuranquinones and naphthothiophenequinones containing a fused thiazole ring

F. Alvarez, A. Gherardi, P. Nebois, M. E. Sarciron, A. F. Petavy et al., Benzimidazole-4,7-diones as Inhibitors of Protozoal (Toxoplasma gondii) Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, vol.12, issue.6, pp.12-977, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0960-894X(02)00064-1

R. B. Gilbertsen and J. C. , Sircair Comprehensive medicinal chemistry, CH 8.3 Enzyme cascades, purine metabolism and immunosuppression

E. C. Krug, J. J. Marr, and R. L. , Berens Purine metabolism in Toxoplasma gondii The journal of biological chemistry, pp.264-10601, 1989.

K. Chaudhary, J. A. Darling, L. M. Fohl, W. J. Sullivan-jr, R. G. Donald et al., Roos Purine salvage pathway in the apicomplexa parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The journal of biological chemistry, pp.279-31221, 2004.

A. Ghérardi, M. E. Sarciron, A. F. Pétavy, and F. , Peyron Purine pathway enzymes in a cyst forming strain of Toxoplasma gondii Life sciences, pp.65-1733, 1999.

K. Chaudhary, L. M. Ting, K. Kim, and D. S. , Roos Toxoplasma gondii purine nucleoside phosphorylase biochemical characterization, inhibitor profiles, and comparison with the Plasmodium falciparum ortholog The journal of biological chemistry, pp.281-25652, 2006.

A. Bzowska, E. Kulikowska, and D. , Shugar Purine nucleoside phosphorylases : properties, functions and clinical aspects, pp.349-425, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/s0163-7258(00)00097-8

A. Ghérardi, Toxoplasma gondii : étude de la purine nucléoside phosphorylase, Thèse de Doctorat, pp.248-254, 1976.

. Anal, Freshly distilled cyclopentadiene 17 (1.05 g, 15.9 mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of the carbazoledione 3 (1 g, 5.3 mmol) in CH 2 Cl 2 (40 ml) stirred and cooled at 10 °C. The stirring was continued for 5 h at 10 °C then for 12 h at room temperature. The solution was concentrated under vacuum and the resulting residue was chromatographed on silica gel using CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH (97 : 3) as the eluent Compound 18 was obtained as a yellow solid in 49% yield, mp 182 °C. IR (KBr) cm 1 : 3260 1700, 1640. 1 H- NMR (CDCl 3 ) d: 8.9 (1H, s, NH), s, H-12). 13 C-NMR (DMSO-d 6 ) d: 199, 1H, t, J5.3, 3.0 Hz, H-2 or H-3), 4.1 (1H, dd, J7.2, 3.8 Hz, H-11c), 3.59 (2H, s, p.5811

H. Knölker and K. R. Reddy, 4.33 (1H, s, H-1 or H-4), 4.16 (1H, s, H-1 or H-4 13 C-NMR (DMSO-d 6 ) d: 178, 1H, dd, J4.9, 3.2 Hz, H-2 or H-3), 4.45 (2H, q, J7.4 Hz, CH 2 CH 3 ), pp.96-102, 2002.

K. Shin-ya, M. Tanaka, K. Furihata, Y. Hayakawa, and H. Seto, Structure of carquinostatin a, a new neuronal cell protecting substance produced by Streptomyces exfoliatus, Tetrahedron Letters, vol.34, issue.31, pp.4943-4944, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)74052-4

K. Shin-ya, S. Shimizu, T. Kunigami, K. Furihata, and H. Seto, A New Neuronal Cell Protecting Substance, Lavanduquinocin, Produced by Streptomyces viridochromogenes., The Journal of Antibiotics, vol.48, issue.7, pp.574-578, 1995.
DOI : 10.7164/antibiotics.48.574

M. Tanaka, K. Shin-ya, K. Furihata, and H. Seto, Isolation and Structural Elucidation of Antioxidative Substances, Carbazoquinocins A to F., The Journal of Antibiotics, vol.48, issue.4, pp.326-328, 1995.
DOI : 10.7164/antibiotics.48.326

A. Poumaroux, Z. Bouaziz, H. Fillion, M. Domard, J. Giraud et al., Regiospecific Synthesis of Pyrido(3,4-b)- and Pyrido(4,3-b)carbazole-5,11-dione Derivatives. Evaluation of Their In Vitro Antifungal or Antiprotozoological Activities., CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN, vol.47, issue.5, pp.643-646, 1999.
DOI : 10.1248/cpb.47.643

A. Aouacheria, B. Néel, Z. Bouaziz, R. Dominique, N. Walchshofer et al., Carbazolequinone induction of caspase-dependent cell death in Src-overexpressing cells, Biochemical Pharmacology, vol.64, issue.11, pp.1605-1616, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-2952(02)01385-0
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00314327

H. Teuber and G. Staiger, Reaktionen mit Nitrosodisulfonat, VI. Mitteil.: Oxyindole und Indolchinone aus Dihydroindolen, Chemische Berichte, vol.53, issue.9, pp.1251-1254, 1954.
DOI : 10.1002/cber.19540870909

D. Albanese, D. Landini, M. Penso, G. Spano, and A. Trebicka, Chemoselective N-alkylation of 2-hydroxycarbazole as a model for the synthesis of N-substituted pyrrole derivatives containing acidic functions, Tetrahedron, vol.51, issue.19, pp.5681-5688, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0040-4020(95)00232-W

H. Teuber and G. Jellinek, Reaktionen mit Nitrosodisulfonat, VII. Mitteil.: Oxydation von prim??ren aromatischen Aminen, Chemische Berichte, vol.55, issue.12, pp.1841-1848, 1954.
DOI : 10.1002/cber.19540871207

L. Horner and K. Sturm, Zur Kenntnis der o-Chinone VII: Chinon-imide als Zwischenprodukte bei der Einwirkung des Fremyschen Salzes auf aromatische Amine, Chemische Berichte, vol.46, issue.3, pp.329-338, 1955.
DOI : 10.1002/cber.19550880304

P. Nebois, O. Cherkaoui, L. Benameur, H. Fillion, and B. Fenet, 2-Ethoxybut-2-enal N,N-dimethylhydrazone: A useful reagent for the synthesis of furo[2,3-f]quinoline-4,5-diones, Tetrahedron, vol.50, issue.28, pp.8457-8464, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/S0040-4020(01)85566-6

B. Genisson, V. Nebois, P. Domard, M. Fillion, and H. , Reactivity of an o-Indoloquinone to 1- and 2-Azadienes., CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN, vol.48, issue.6, pp.893-894, 2000.
DOI : 10.1248/cpb.48.893

J. =. Mhz, 71 (s, 3H, 6'-CH 3, pp.7-4881

1. Hz, 36 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H, 5-H) 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 ): ? ppm 15

. Hz, CDCl 3 ): ? ppm 15, 13 C NMR (75 MHz

. Mg, 38 mmol) in EtOH (50 mL) was added benzyl bromide (1130 mg, 6.61 mmol) or 4-methoxybenzyl bromide (1330 mg, 6.61 mmol). The solution was heated at reflux for 24 h, cooled

. Mecn, The orange reaction suspension was concentrated in vacuum then filtered to yield compound (6a) as an orange solid which was purified by recristallization from EtOH. It was obtained in 50% yield (90 mg). mp 279 °C IR (KBr): 1678, 1667, 1652 cm -1 . 1 H NMR (300 MHz98 (s, 2H, CDCl 3 ): ? ppm 1.48 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H, CH 2 CH 3 ), 4.76), 8.33 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H, 9-H). 13 C NMR (75 MHz, p.865

H. Nmrt, J. =q, and J. =. , 94 (s, 2H, pp.48-52