H. M. Jaeger, S. R. Nagel, H. M. Jaeger, S. R. Nagel, R. P. Fierro et al., Unifying Concepts in Granular Media and Glasses, Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Physics of Dry Granular Media, pp.1523-1259, 1992.

C. Josserand, A. Tkachenko, D. M. Mueth, and H. M. Jaeger, Memory Effects in Granular Materials, Physical Review Letters, vol.85, issue.17, p.3632, 2000.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.3632

D. S. Dean and A. Lefèvre, Tapping Spin Glasses and Ferromagnets on Random Graphs, Physical Review Letters, vol.86, issue.25, pp.5639-5673, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.5639

URL : http://hdl.handle.net/2003/18731

A. Lefèvre, Etats métastables dans les systèmes désordonnés : des verres de spins aux milieux granulaires, Thèse de doctorat, 2003.

J. Berg and A. Mehta, On random graphs and the statistical mechanics of granular matter, Europhysics Letters (EPL), vol.56, issue.6, p.784, 2001.
DOI : 10.1209/epl/i2001-00588-3

M. Nicodemi, A. Coniglio, and H. J. Herrmann, Frustration and slow dynamics of granular packings, Physical Review E, vol.55, issue.4, p.3962, 1997.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.55.3962

W. Kob and H. C. Andersen, Kinetic lattice-gas model of cage effects in high-density liquids and a test of mode-coupling theory of the ideal-glass transition, Physical Review E, vol.48, issue.6, p.4364, 1993.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.48.4364

C. Toninelli, G. Biroli, and D. S. Fisher, Spatial Structures and Dynamics of Kinetically Constrained Models of Glasses, Physical Review Letters, vol.92, issue.18, p.185504, 2004.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.185504

J. Kurchan, L. Peliti, and M. Sellitto, Aging in lattice-gas models with constrained dynamics, Europhysics Letters (EPL), vol.39, issue.4, p.365, 1997.
DOI : 10.1209/epl/i1997-00363-0

M. Sellitto and J. J. Arenzon, Free-volume kinetic models of granular matter, Physical Review E, vol.62, issue.6, p.7793, 2000.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.62.7793

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00116515

G. Tarjus and P. Viot, Statistical mechanical description of the parking-lot model for vibrated granular materials, Physical Review E, vol.69, issue.1, p.11307, 2004.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.69.011307

G. Caballero, A. Lindner, G. Ovarlez, G. Reydellet, J. Lanuza et al., Unifying Concepts in Granular Media and Glasses, p.403603

G. Marty and O. Dauchot, Subdiffusion and Cage Effect in a Sheared Granular Material, Physical Review Letters, vol.94, issue.1, p.15701, 2005.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.015701

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00200738

M. Nicodemi and A. Coniglio, Aging in Out-of-Equilibrium Dynamics of Models for Granular Media, Physical Review Letters, vol.82, issue.5, p.916, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.916

M. C. Wang and G. E. Uhlenbeck, On the Theory of the Brownian Motion II, Toda et H. Hashitsume, Statistical Physics II : Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics, pp.323-342, 1945.
DOI : 10.1103/RevModPhys.17.323

A. Crisanti and F. Ritort, Violation of the fluctuation???dissipation theorem in glassy systems: basic notions and the numerical evidence, Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General, vol.36, issue.21, p.181, 2003.
DOI : 10.1088/0305-4470/36/21/201

L. F. Cugliandolo, J. Kurchan, and L. Peliti, Energy flow, partial equilibration, and effective temperatures in systems with slow dynamics, Physical Review E, vol.55, issue.4, p.3898, 1997.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.55.3898

L. Berthier and J. L. Barrat, Shearing a Glassy Material: Numerical Tests of Nonequilibrium Mode-Coupling Approaches and Experimental Proposals, Physical Review Letters, vol.89, issue.9, p.95702, 2002.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.095702

L. Cugliandolo, Dynamics of glassy systems, Lecture notes, Les Houches, 2002.

H. Makse and J. Kurchan, Testing the thermodynamic approach to granular matter with a numerical model of a decisive experiment, Nature, vol.415, issue.6872, p.614, 2002.
DOI : 10.1038/415614a

G. D. Anna, P. Mayor, A. Barrat, V. Loreto, and F. Nori, Observing brownian motion in vibration-fluidized granular matter, Nature, vol.424, issue.6951, pp.909-912, 2003.
DOI : 10.1038/nature01867

A. Mehta, R. J. Needs, and S. Dattagupta, The Langevin dynamics of vibrated powders, Journal of Statistical Physics, vol.131, issue.133, p.1131, 1992.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01048889

R. Monasson, Structural Glass Transition and the Entropy of the Metastable States, Physical Review Letters, vol.75, issue.15, p.2847, 1995.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.2847

T. S. Grigera and N. F. Israeloff, Observation of Fluctuation-Dissipation-Theorem Violations in a Structural Glass, Physical Review Letters, vol.83, issue.24, pp.5038-5041, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.5038

L. Bellon, S. Ciliberto, and C. Laroche, Violation of the fluctuation-dissipation relation during the formation of a colloidal glass, Europhysics Letters (EPL), vol.53, issue.4, pp.511-517, 2001.
DOI : 10.1209/epl/i2001-00182-9

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/ensl-00179723

A. Barrat, V. Loreto, and A. Puglisi, Temperature probes in binary granular gases, Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, vol.334, issue.3-4, p.513, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.physa.2003.11.008

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00013469

R. D. Wildman, J. M. Huntley, and D. J. Parker, Granular temperature profiles in three-dimensional vibrofluidized granular beds, Physical Review E, vol.63, issue.6, p.61311, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.63.061311

F. Rouyer and N. Menon, Velocity Fluctuations in a Homogeneous 2D Granular Gas in Steady State, Physical Review Letters, vol.85, issue.17, p.3676, 2000.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.3676

D. L. Blair and A. Kudrolli, Collision statistics of driven granular materials, Physical Review E, vol.67, issue.4, p.41301, 2003.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.67.041301

S. Luding, H. J. Herrmann, and A. Blumen, Simulations of two-dimensional arrays of beads under external vibrations: Scaling behavior, Physical Review E, vol.50, issue.4, p.3100, 1994.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.50.3100

S. F. Foerster, M. Y. Louge, H. Chang, and K. Allia, Measurements of the collision properties of small spheres, Physics of Fluids, vol.6, issue.3, p.1108, 1994.
DOI : 10.1063/1.868282

R. Soto, J. Piasecki, and M. Mareschal, Precollisional velocity correlations in a hard-disk fluid with dissipative collisions, Physical Review E, vol.64, issue.3, p.31306, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.64.031306

I. Pagonabarraga, E. Trizac, T. P. Van-noije, and M. H. Ernst, Randomly driven granular fluids: Collisional statistics and short scale structure, Physical Review E, vol.65, issue.1, p.11303, 2002.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.011303

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00127028

G. A. Bird, Approach to Translational Equilibrium in a Rigid Sphere Gas, Physics of Fluids, vol.6, issue.10, p.1518, 1963.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1710976

S. Warr, J. M. Huntley, and G. T. Jacques, Fluidization of a two-dimensional granular system: Experimental study and scaling behavior, Physical Review E, vol.52, issue.5, p.5583, 1995.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.52.5583

T. P. Van-noije and M. Ernst, Velocity distributions in homogeneous granular fluids: the free and the heated case, Granular Matter, vol.1, issue.2, p.57, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/s100350050009

O. R. Walton and R. L. Braun, Viscosity, granular???temperature, and stress calculations for shearing assemblies of inelastic, frictional disks, Journal of Rheology, vol.30, issue.5, p.949, 1986.
DOI : 10.1122/1.549893

R. Cafiero, S. Luding, and H. J. Herrmann, Two-Dimensional Granular Gas of Inelastic Spheres with Multiplicative Driving, Physical Review Letters, vol.84, issue.26, p.6014, 2000.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.6014

K. Feitosa and N. Menon, 2D granular gases confined in a vertical cage as in [3]

A. Barrat and E. Trizac, Molecular dynamics simulations of vibrated granular gases, Physical Review E, vol.66, issue.5, p.51303, 2002.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.051303

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00013468

C. Villani, A Review of Mathematical Topics in Collisional Kinetic Theory Handbook of mathematical fluid mechanics, Susan Friedlander et Denis Serre editors, publié par North-Holland, 2002.

A. Barrat, T. Biben, Z. Rácz, E. Trizac, and F. Van-wijland, On the velocity distributions of the one-dimensional inelastic gas, Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General, vol.35, issue.3, p.463, 2002.
DOI : 10.1088/0305-4470/35/3/302

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00013456

D. Benedetto, E. Caglioti, and M. Pulvirenti, A kinetic equation for granular media, ESAIM: Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Analysis, vol.31, issue.5, p.615, 1997.
DOI : 10.1051/m2an/1997310506151

J. J. Brey and M. J. Ruiz-montero, Velocity distribution of fluidized granular gases in the presence of gravity, Physical Review E, vol.67, issue.2, p.21307, 2003.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.67.021307

D. Paolotti, C. Cattuto, U. Marini-bettolo, A. Marconi, and . Puglisi, Dynamical properties of vibrfluidized granular mixtures, Granular Matter, vol.5, issue.2, p.75, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/s10035-003-0133-y

J. S. Van-zon and F. C. Mackintosh, Velocity Distributions in Dissipative Granular Gases, Physical Review Letters, vol.93, issue.3, p.38001, 2004.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.038001

R. D. Wildman and D. J. Parker, Coexistence of Two Granular Temperatures in Binary Vibrofluidized Beds, Physical Review Letters, vol.88, issue.6, p.64301, 2002.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.064301

K. Van-der-weele, D. Van-der-meer, M. Versluis, D. Lohse, . Europhys et al., Ce travaií etablit le résultat intéressant que la brisure de symétrie en question peut se voir comme une transition de phase du premier ordre lorsque le récipient est constitué de trois compartiments, 2001.

J. Brey, F. Moreno, R. Garcia-rojo, and M. Ruiz-montero, Hydrodynamic Maxwell demon in granular systems, Physical Review E, vol.65, issue.1, p.11305, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.011305

A. Barrat and E. Trizac, A molecular dynamics ???Maxwell Demon??? experiment for granular mixtures, Molecular Physics, vol.49, issue.11, p.1713, 2003.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.57.2019

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00013459

B. Meerson, T. Pöschel, P. V. Sasorov, and T. Schwager, Giant fluctuations at a granular phase separation threshold, Physical Review E, vol.69, issue.2, p.21302, 2004.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.69.021302

]. R. Albert and A. Barabási, Statistical mechanics of complex networks, Troisì eme partie Réseaux complexes Références bibliographiques, p.47, 2002.
DOI : 10.1103/RevModPhys.74.47

]. S. Dorogovtsev and J. F. Mendes, Evolution of networks : From biological nets to the Internet and WWW, 2003.

R. Pastor-satorras and A. Vespignani, Evolution and structure of the Internet : A statistical physics approach, 2004.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511610905

P. Erdös and P. Rényi, « On random graphs I, » Publ, Math. Inst. Hung. Acad. Sci, vol.5, p.17, 1960.

S. H. Yook, H. Jeong, A. Barabási, and Y. Tu, Weighted Evolving Networks, Physical Review Letters, vol.86, issue.25, p.5835, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.5835

URL : http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0101309

R. Pastor-satorras, A. Vázquez, and A. Vespignani, Dynamical and Correlation Properties of the Internet, Physical Review Letters, vol.87, issue.25, p.258701, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.258701

M. E. Newman, Assortative Mixing in Networks, Physical Review Letters, vol.89, issue.20, p.208701, 2002.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.208701

M. E. Newman, Scientific collaboration networks.??????I. Network construction and fundamental results, Physical Review E, vol.64, issue.1, p.16131, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.64.016131

M. E. Newman, Scientific collaboration networks. II. Shortest paths, weighted networks, and centrality, Physical Review E, vol.64, issue.1, p.16132, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.64.016132

D. Zheng, S. Trimper, B. Zheng, and P. M. Hui, Weighted scale-free networks with stochastic weight assignments, Physical Review E, vol.67, issue.4, p.40102, 2003.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.67.040102

A. Barrat, M. Barthélemy, and E. A. Vespignani, Weighted Evolving Networks: Coupling Topology and Weight Dynamics, Physical Review Letters, vol.92, issue.22, p.228701, 2004.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.228701

URL : https://repository.library.northeastern.edu/files/neu:331312/fulltext.pdf

M. Faloutsos, P. Faloutsos, and C. Faloutsos, On power-law relationships of the Internet topology, Proc. of IEEE Infocom Internet topology : connectivity of IP graphs, » San Diego Proceedings of SPIE International symposium on Convergence of IT and Communication, pp.251-262, 1999.
DOI : 10.1145/316194.316229

C. Jin, Q. Chen, E. S. Jamin, and «. Inet, Internet topology generators, 2000.

A. Lakhina, J. W. Byers, M. Crovella, and P. Xie, Sampling biases in IP topology measurements, IEEE INFOCOM 2003. Twenty-second Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37428), 2002.
DOI : 10.1109/INFCOM.2003.1208685

A. Clauset and C. Moore, Accuracy and Scaling Phenomena in Internet Mapping, Physical Review Letters, vol.94, issue.1, p.18701, 2005.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.018701

U. Brandes and J. , A faster algorithm for betweenness centrality*, The Journal of Mathematical Sociology, vol.113, issue.2, p.163, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-8733(97)00007-5