J. D. Watson and F. H. Crick, Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid, Nature, vol.9, issue.4356, pp.737-738, 1953.
DOI : 10.1016/0006-3002(53)90232-7

E. M. Southern, Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis, Journal of Molecular Biology, vol.98, issue.3, pp.503-517, 1975.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-2836(75)80083-0

A. D. Mirzabekov, An Oligonucleotide Hybridization Approach to DNA Sequencing

D. Wang, S. Liu, B. J. Trummer, C. Deng, and A. Wang, Carbohydrate microarrays for the recognition of cross-reactive molecular markers of microbes and host cells, Nature Biotechnology, vol.20, issue.3
DOI : 10.1038/nbt0302-275

W. G. Willats, S. E. Rasmussen, T. Kristensen, J. D. Mikkelsen, and J. P. Knox, Sugar-coated microarrays: A novel slide surface for the high-throughput analysis of glycans, PROTEOMICS, vol.2, issue.12, pp.1666-1671, 2002.
DOI : 10.1002/1615-9861(200212)2:12<1666::AID-PROT1666>3.0.CO;2-E

S. Park and I. Shin, Fabrication of Carbohydrate Chips for Studying Protein?????????Carbohydrate Interactions, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol.98, issue.17, pp.3180-3182, 2002.
DOI : 10.1002/1521-3773(20020902)41:17<3180::AID-ANIE3180>3.0.CO;2-S

S. Park, M. R. Lee, and S. J. Pyo, Carbohydrate Chips for Studying High-Throughput Carbohydrate???Protein Interactions, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.126, issue.15, pp.4812-4819, 2004.
DOI : 10.1021/ja0391661

E. W. Adams, J. Ueberfeld, D. M. Ratner, B. R. O-'keefe, D. R. Walt et al., Encoded Fiber-Optic Microsphere Arrays for Probing Protein???Carbohydrate Interactions, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol.42, issue.43, pp.5317-5320, 2003.
DOI : 10.1002/anie.200351286

D. M. Ratner, E. W. Adams, J. Su, B. R. O-'keefe, M. Mrksich et al., Probing Protein-Carbohydrate Interactions with Microarrays of Synthetic Oligosaccharides, ChemBioChem, vol.5, issue.3, pp.379-383, 2004.
DOI : 10.1002/cbic.200300804

E. A. Smith, W. D. Thomas, L. L. Kiessling, and R. M. Corn, Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging Studies of Protein-Carbohydrate Interactions, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.125, issue.20, pp.6140-6148, 2003.
DOI : 10.1021/ja034165u

C. M. Niemeyer and H. Waldmann, Staudinger Ligation: a New Immobilisation Strategy for the Preparation of Small Molecule Arrays, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed, vol.42, pp.5830-5834, 2003.

B. T. Houseman and M. Mrksich, Carbohydrate Arrays for the Evaluation of Protein Binding and Enzymatic Modification, Chemistry & Biology, vol.9, issue.4, pp.443-454, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1074-5521(02)00124-2

G. Macbeath and S. L. Schreiber, Printing Proteins as Microarrays for High-Throughput Function Determination, Science, vol.289, pp.1760-1763, 2000.

M. D. Moody, S. W. Van-arsedell, K. P. Murphy, S. F. Oremcole, and C. Burns, Array- Based ELISAs for High-Throughput Analysis of Hulan Cytokines, Biotech, vol.31, pp.186-190, 2001.

R. Wiese, Y. Belosludtsev, T. Powdrill, P. Thompson, and M. Hogan, Simultaneous Multianalyte ELISA Performed on a Microarray Platform, Clin. Chem, vol.47, pp.1451-1457, 2001.

M. P. Bruchez, Immunofluorescencent Labeling of Cancer Marker Her2 and other Cellular Targets with Semiconductor Quantum Dots, Nat. Biotechnol, vol.21, pp.41-46, 2003.

L. Wang, C. Lofton, M. Popp, and W. Tan, Using Luminescent Nanoparticles as Staining Probes for Affymetrix GeneChips, Bioconjugate Chemistry, vol.18, issue.3, pp.610-613, 2007.
DOI : 10.1021/bc060365u

R. J. Rawle, C. R. Selassie, and M. S. Johal, Creation of Mammalian Single- and Double-Stranded DNA Surfaces:?? A Real-Time QCM-D Study, Langmuir, vol.23, issue.19, pp.9563-9566, 2007.
DOI : 10.1021/la702043t

S. P. Florin, V. T. Moy, and H. Gaub, Adhesion forces between individual ligand-receptor pairs, Science, vol.264, issue.5157, pp.415-417, 1991.
DOI : 10.1126/science.8153628

M. Rief, H. Clausem-schaumann, and H. Gaub, Sequence-Dependent Mechanics of Single DNA Molecules, Nat Struct Biol, vol.6, pp.346-349, 1999.

O. H. Willemsen, M. M. Snel, A. Cambi, J. Greve, B. G. De-grooth et al., Biomolecular Interactions Measured by Atomic Force Microscopy, Biophysical Journal, vol.79, issue.6, pp.3267-3281, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-3495(00)76559-3

K. Richter, M. Orfert, S. Howitz, and S. Thierbach, Deep plasma silicon etch for microfluidic applications, Surface and Coatings Technology, vol.116, issue.119, pp.116-119, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0257-8972(99)00112-7

M. Anduze, S. Colin, R. Caen, H. Camon, and V. Conedera, Analysis and testing of a fluidic vortex microdiode, Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, vol.11, issue.2, pp.108-112, 2001.
DOI : 10.1088/0960-1317/11/2/304

H. Andersson, W. Van-der-wijngaart, P. Enoksson, and G. Stemme, Micromachined flow-through filter-chamber for chemical reactions on beads, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol.67, issue.1-2, pp.203-208, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0925-4005(00)00413-5

B. H. Jo, L. M. Van-lerberghe, K. M. Motsegood, and D. J. Beebe, Three-dimensional micro-channel fabrication in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer, Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, vol.9, issue.1, pp.76-81, 2000.
DOI : 10.1109/84.825780

S. D. Spillman, G. Sridharan, and M. J. Schöning, Fabrication of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Microfluidic Chips by Atmospheric Molding, Anal. Chem, vol.76, pp.2290-2297, 2004.

W. Zhan, G. H. Seong, and R. M. Crooks, Hydrogel-Based Microreactors as a Functional Component of Microfluidic Systems, Analytical Chemistry, vol.74, issue.18, pp.4647-4652, 2002.
DOI : 10.1021/ac020340y

M. Y. Balakirev, S. Porte, M. Vernaz-gris, M. Berger, J. P. Arié et al., Photochemical Patterning of Biological Molecules Inside a Glass Capillary, Analytical Chemistry, vol.77, issue.17, pp.5474-5479, 2005.
DOI : 10.1021/ac0504619

S. Blair, K. Richmond, M. Rodesch, M. Bassetti, and F. Cerrina, A scalable method for multiplex LED-controlled synthesis of DNA in capillaries, Nucleic Acids Research, vol.34, issue.16, p.110, 2006.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/gkl641

W. P. Jencks, Studies on the Mechanism of Oxime and Semicarbazone Formation, J. Am. Chem. Soc, vol.81, pp.475-481, 1959.
DOI : 10.1016/B978-0-08-203484-1.50017-X

O. Renaudet, Chemoselectively Template-Assembled Glycoconjugates as Mimics for Multivalent Presentation of Carbohydrates, Organic Letters, vol.5, issue.3, pp.243-246, 2003.
DOI : 10.1021/ol0270935

B. 1. Karstedt and B. D. , General Electric), US Patent, pp.715-334, 1973.

L. N. Lewis and N. Lewis, Platinum-catalyzed hydrosilylation - colloid formation as the essential step, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.108, issue.23, pp.7228-7231, 1986.
DOI : 10.1021/ja00283a016

L. N. Lewis, On the mechanism of metal colloid catalyzed hydrosilylation: proposed explanations for electronic effects and oxygen cocatalysis, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.112, issue.16, pp.5998-6004, 1990.
DOI : 10.1021/ja00172a014

J. Stein, L. N. Lewis, Y. Gao, and R. A. Scott, In Situ Determination of the Active Catalyst in Hydrosilylation Reactions Using Highly Reactive Pt(0) Catalyst Precursors, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.121, issue.15, p.3693, 1999.
DOI : 10.1021/ja9825377

S. L. Beaucage and R. P. Iyer, Advances in the Synthesis of Oligonucleotides by the Phosphoramidite Approach, Tetrahedron, vol.48, issue.12, pp.2223-2311, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/S0040-4020(01)88752-4

L. J. Mcbride, M. Matteucci, Z. Stabinsky, and J. Tang, Chemical Synthesis of Deoxyoligonucleotides by the Phosphoramidite Method, Methods Enzymol, vol.154, pp.287-313, 1987.

D. Forget, D. Boturyn, E. Defrancq, J. Lhomme, and P. Dumy, Highly Efficient Synthesis of Peptide-Oligonucleotide Conjugates: Chemoselective Oxime and Thiazolidine Formation, Chemistry - A European Journal, vol.7, issue.18, pp.3976-3984, 2001.
DOI : 10.1002/1521-3765(20010917)7:18<3976::AID-CHEM3976>3.0.CO;2-X

G. Nonglaton, I. O. Benitez, I. Guisle, M. Pipelier, J. Léger et al., New Approach to Oligonucleotide Microarrays Using Zirconium Phosphonate-Modified Surfaces, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.126, issue.5, pp.1497-1502, 2004.
DOI : 10.1021/ja039072r

R. M. Georgiadis, K. P. Peterlinz, and A. W. Peterson, Quantitative Measurements and Modeling of Kinetics in Nucleic Acid Monolayer Films Using SPR Spectroscopy, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.122, issue.13
DOI : 10.1021/ja9930824

M. S. Shchepinov, S. C. Casegreen, and E. M. Southern, Steric factors influencing hybridisation of nucleic acids to oligonucleotide arrays, Nucleic Acids Research, vol.25, issue.6, pp.1155-1161, 1997.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/25.6.1155

A. J. Thiel, A. G. Frutos, C. E. Jordan, R. M. Corn, and L. M. Smith, In Situ Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging Detection of DNA Hybridization to Oligonucleotide Arrays on Gold Surfaces, Analytical Chemistry, vol.69, issue.24, pp.4948-4956, 1997.
DOI : 10.1021/ac9708001

J. M. Brockman, A. G. Frutos, and R. M. Corn, A Multistep Chemical Modification Procedure To Create DNA Arrays on Gold Surfaces for the Study of Protein???DNA Interactions with Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.121, issue.35, pp.8044-8051, 1999.
DOI : 10.1021/ja991608e

O. P. Edupuganti, O. Renaudet, E. Defrancq, and P. Dumy, The oxime bond formation as an efficient chemical tool for the preparation of 3???,5???-bifunctionalised oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, vol.14, issue.11, pp.2839-2842, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.03.053

R. K. Iler, The Chemistry of Silica, Solubility, Polymerization, Colloid, and Surface Properties and Biochemistry, 1979.

B. A. Morrow, Surface Groups on Oxides, In Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, pp.161-224, 1990.

F. Martin, Surfaces Modifiées par des Organisilanes à Terminaisons Fonctionnelles ? Application aux Puces à ADN, Thèse Montpellier II, 2004.

J. Sagiv, Organized monolayers by adsorption. 1. Formation and structure of oleophobic mixed monolayers on solid surfaces, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.102, issue.1, pp.92-98, 1980.
DOI : 10.1021/ja00521a016

D. L. Angst and G. W. Simmons, Moisture absorption characteristics of organosiloxane self-assembled monolayers, Langmuir, vol.7, issue.10, pp.2236-2242, 1991.
DOI : 10.1021/la00058a043

H. O. Finklea, L. R. Robinson, A. Blackburn, B. Richter, D. L. Allara et al., Formation of an organized monolayer by solution adsorption of octadecyltrichlorosilane on gold: electrochemical properties and structural characterization, Langmuir, vol.2, issue.2, pp.239-244, 1986.
DOI : 10.1021/la00068a022

K. C. Vrancken, P. Van-der-voort, K. Possemiers, P. Grobet, and E. Vansant, The Physisorption and Condensation of Aminosilanes on Silica Gel. Chemically Modified Surfaces, pp.46-56, 1996.

M. L. Hair and C. P. Tripp, Alkylchlorosilane reactions at the silica surface. Colloids and surfaces A : Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, pp.95-103, 1995.

E. P. Plueddemann, Silane Coupling Agents, 1982.

S. R. Wasserman, Y. Tao, and G. M. Whitesides, Structure and reactivity of alkylsiloxane monolayers formed by reaction of alkyltrichlorosilanes on silicon substrates, Langmuir, vol.5, issue.4, pp.1074-1087, 1989.
DOI : 10.1021/la00088a035

J. Duchet, B. Chabert, J. Chapel, J. F. Gérard, J. M. Chovelon et al., Influence of the Deposition Process on the Structure of Grafted Alkylsilane Layers, Influence of the Deposition Process on the Structure of Grafted Alkylsilane Layers, pp.2271-2278, 1998.
DOI : 10.1021/la960598h

J. Gun and J. Sagiv, On the Formation and Structure of Self-Assembling Monolayers

M. E. Mcgovern, K. M. Kallury, and M. Thompson, Role of Solvent on the Silanization of Glass with Octadecyltrichlorosilane, Langmuir, vol.10, issue.10, pp.3607-3614, 1994.
DOI : 10.1021/la00022a038

J. B. Brzoska, I. Ben-azouz, and F. Rondelez, Silanization of Solid Substrates: A Step Toward Reproducibility, Langmuir, vol.10, issue.11, pp.4367-4373, 1994.
DOI : 10.1021/la00023a072

R. R. Rye, -Alkyltrichlorosilane Monolayers, Langmuir, vol.13, issue.9, pp.2588-2590, 1997.
DOI : 10.1021/la960934u

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01479510

K. Iimura, Y. Nakajima, and T. Kato, A study on structures and formation mechanisms of self-assembled monolayers of n-alkyltrichlorosilanes using infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy, Thin Solid Films, vol.379, issue.1-2, pp.230-239, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0040-6090(00)01544-3

A. N. Parikh, D. L. Allara, I. B. Azouz, and F. Rondelez, An Intrinsic Relationship between Molecular Structure in Self-Assembled n-Alkylsiloxane Monolayers and Deposition Temperature, The Journal of Physical Chemistry, vol.98, issue.31, pp.7577-7590, 1994.
DOI : 10.1021/j100082a031

P. Silberzan, L. Léger, D. Ausserré, and J. J. Benattar, Silanation of silica surfaces. A new method of constructing pure or mixed monolayers, Langmuir, vol.7, issue.8, pp.1647-1651, 1991.
DOI : 10.1021/la00056a017

R. Banga, J. Yarwood, A. M. Morgan, B. Evans, and J. Kells, In-situ FTIR Studies of the Kinetics and Self Assembly of Alkyl and Perfluoroalkyl Trichlorosilanes on Silicon. Thin Solid Films, pp.261-266, 1996.

. Aminopropyl, Triethoxysilane on Silica from Aqueous Solution: A Microcalorimetric Study, Langmuir, vol.11, pp.551-554, 1995.

M. Schena, D. Shalon, R. W. Davis, and P. Brown, Quantitative Monitoring of Gene Expression Patterns with a Complementary DNA Microarray, Science, vol.270, issue.5235, pp.467-470, 1995.
DOI : 10.1126/science.270.5235.467

M. C. Gosnell and H. A. Mottola, Determination of reactive aldehyde groups immobilized on silica using (p-nitrophenyl)hydrazine as a chromophoric probe, Analytical Chemistry, vol.58, issue.3
DOI : 10.1021/ac00294a032

C. Adessi, G. Matton, G. Ayala, G. Turcatti, J. J. Mermond et al., Solid phase DNA amplification: characterisation of primer attachment and amplification mechanisms, Nucleic Acids Research, vol.28, issue.20, p.87, 2000.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/28.20.e87

S. Taylor, S. Smith, B. Windle, and A. Guiseppi-elie, Impact of Surface Chemistry and Blocking Strategies on DNA Microarrays High-Density, Covalent Attachment of DNA to Silicon Wafers for Analysis by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry, Nucleic Acids Res Anal. Chem, vol.69, pp.31-87, 1997.

R. Benters, C. M. Niemeyer, D. Drutschmann, D. Blohm, and D. Wöhrle, DNA Microarrays with PAMAM Dentritic Linker Systems, Nucleic Acids Res, pp.30-40, 2002.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/30.2.e10

URL : http://doi.org/10.1093/nar/30.2.e10

T. Strother, R. J. Hamers, and L. M. Smith, Covalent attachment of oligodeoxyribonucleotides to amine-modified Si (001) surfaces, Nucleic Acids Research, vol.28, issue.18, pp.3535-3541, 2000.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/28.18.3535

H. Lönnberg, Aminooxy Functionalized Oligonucleotides: Preparation, On-Support Derivatization, and Postsynthetic Attachment to Polymer Support, Bioconjugate Chem, vol.10, pp.815-823, 1999.

E. Defrancq, A. Hoang, F. Vinet, and P. Dumy, Oxime bond formation for the covalent attachment of oligonucleotides on glass support, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, vol.13, issue.16, pp.2683-2686, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0960-894X(03)00537-7

M. Boncheva, L. Scheibler, H. V. Per-lincoln, and B. Åkerman, Design of Oligonucleotide Arrays at Interfaces. Langmuir, pp.4317-4320, 1999.

F. Martin, A. Diran, J. Durand, M. Granier, and R. Desmet, Hydroxylamine-functionalised silica surfaces for biochip applications, Tetrahedron Letters, vol.46, issue.46, pp.7973-7975, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.09.084

S. L. Beaucage and R. P. Iyer, Advances in the Synthesis of Oligonucleotides by the Phosphoramidite Approach, Tetrahedron, vol.48, issue.12, pp.2223-2311, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/S0040-4020(01)88752-4

L. J. Mcbride, M. Matteucci, Z. Stabinsky, and J. Tang, Chemical Synthesis of Deoxyoligonucleotides by the Phosphoramidite Method, Methods Enzymol, vol.154, pp.287-313, 1987.

D. K. Owens and R. C. Wendt, Estimation of the surface free energy of polymers, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol.13, issue.8
DOI : 10.1002/app.1969.070130815

. Appl, Polymer Sci, pp.1741-1749, 1969.

W. Barthlott and C. Neinhuis, Purity of the sacred lotus, or escape from contamination in biological surfaces, Planta, vol.202, issue.1, pp.1-8, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/s004250050096

C. P. Tripp and M. L. Hair, An infrared study of the reaction of octadecyltrichlorosilane with silica, Langmuir, vol.8, issue.4, pp.1120-1126, 1992.
DOI : 10.1021/la00040a018

C. P. Tripp and M. L. Hair, Reaction of alkylchlorosilanes with silica at the solid/gas and solid/liquid interface, Langmuir, vol.8, issue.8, pp.1961-1967, 1992.
DOI : 10.1021/la00044a014

T. Buffeteau, B. Desbat, and J. M. Turlet, Polarization Modulation FT-IR Spectroscopy of Surfaces and Ultra-thin Films: Experimental Procedure and Quantitative Analysis, Applied Spectroscopy, vol.45, issue.3
DOI : 10.1366/0003702914337308

G. Binning, C. F. Quate, and C. Gerber, Atomic Force Microscope, Physical Review Letters, vol.56, issue.9, pp.930-933, 1986.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.56.930

T. Kaijyama, K. Tanaka, S. R. Ge, and A. Takahara, Morphology and mechanical properties of polymer surfaces via scanning force microscopy, Progress in Surface Science, vol.52, issue.1, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0079-6816(96)00006-8

G. Meyer and N. M. Amer, Erratum: Novel Optical Approach to Atomic Force Microscopy, Appl. Phys.Lett, issue.24, pp.53-2400, 1988.

J. Gun, R. Iscovici, and J. Sagiv, On the formation and structure of self-assembling monolayers, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol.101, issue.1, pp.201-213, 1984.
DOI : 10.1016/0021-9797(84)90020-1

A. Franquet, J. De-laet, H. Terryn, V. Subramanian, and W. J. Vanreecken, Determination of the Thickness of Thin Silane Films on Aluminium Surfaces by Means of Spectroscopic Ellipsometry. Thin Solide Films, pp.37-45, 2001.