W. Aeschbach-hertig, M. Hofer, M. Schmid, R. Kipfer, and D. M. Imboden, The physical structure and dynamics of a deep, meromictic crater lake, Hydrobiologia, vol.487, issue.1, pp.111-136, 2002.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1022942226198

P. Albéric, E. Viollier, D. Jézéquel, C. Grosbois, and G. Michard, Interactions between trace elements and dissolved organic matter in the stagnant anoxic deep layer of a meromictic lake, Limnology and Oceanography, vol.45, issue.5, pp.1088-1096, 2000.
DOI : 10.4319/lo.2000.45.5.1088

A. L. Alldredge and C. C. Gotschalk, Direct observations of the mass flocculation of diatom blooms: characteristics, settling velocities and formation of diatom aggregates, Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers, vol.36, issue.2, pp.159-171, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0198-0149(89)90131-3

J. Alvinerie, B. Dégot, P. Lévêque, and M. Vigneaux, Activité en tritium et caractéristiques chimiques des eaux du lac Pavin, C.R. Acad. Sci, vol.262, pp.846-849, 1966.

C. Amblard, Seasonal succession and strategies of phytoplankton development in two lakes of different trophic states, Journal of Plankton Research, vol.10, issue.6, pp.189-1208, 1988.
DOI : 10.1093/plankt/10.6.1189

T. S. Arnarson and R. G. Keil, Mechanisms of pore water organic matter adsorption to montmorillonite, Marine Chemistry, vol.71, issue.3-4, pp.3-4, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-4203(00)00059-1

R. G. Bader, D. W. Hood, and S. J. , Recovery of dissolved organic matter in sea-water and organic sorption by particulate material, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.19, issue.4, pp.236-243, 1960.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(60)90031-4

L. C. Beadle, The Inland Waters of Tropical Africa : An Introduction To Tropical Limnology. 2 nd eds, 1981.

S. T. Belt, G. Massé, W. G. Allard, J. Robert, and S. J. Rowland, Identification of a C25 highly branched isoprenoid triene in the freshwater diatom Navicula sclesvicensis, Organic Geochemistry, vol.32, issue.9, pp.1169-1172, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00102-4

F. Bergaya and M. Vayer, CEC of clays: Measurement by adsorption of a copper ethylenediamine complex, Applied Clay Science, vol.12, issue.3, pp.275-280, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0169-1317(97)00012-4

R. A. Berner, Distribution and diagenesis of sulfur in some sediments from the Gulf of California, Marine Geology, vol.1, issue.2, pp.117-140, 1964.
DOI : 10.1016/0025-3227(64)90011-8

R. A. Berner, An idealized model of dissolved sulfate distribution in recent sediments, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.28, issue.9, pp.1497-1503, 1964.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(64)90164-4

P. Bertrand, T. F. Pedersen, P. Martinez, S. Calvert, and G. Shimmield, Sea level impact on nutrient cycling in coastal upwelling areas during deglaciation: Evidence from nitrogen isotopes, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, vol.43, issue.3, pp.341-355, 2000.
DOI : 10.1029/1999GB900099

G. C. Bond, Heterogeneous Catalysis : Principales and Applications, p.176, 1987.

J. J. Boon, J. W. De-leeuw, Y. Rubinztain, Z. Aizenshtat, P. Ioselis et al., Thermal evaluation of some model melanoidins by Curie point pyrolysis-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Organic Geochemistry, vol.6, pp.805-811, 1984.
DOI : 10.1016/0146-6380(84)90102-5

O. K. Bordovskiy, Accumulation of organic matter in bottom sediments, Marine Geology, vol.3, issue.1-2, pp.33-82, 1965.
DOI : 10.1016/0025-3227(65)90004-6

P. E. Bournet, Contribution ?? l'??tude hydrodynamique et thermique du lac du Bourget : courants de densit?? et ondes internes, Thèse de Doctorat, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, p.269, 1996.
DOI : 10.1051/lhb/2000001

M. Boussafir, E. Lallier-vergès, P. Bertrand, and D. Badaut-trauth, Structure ultrafine de la matière organique des roches mères du Kimméridgien du Yorkshire (UK), Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr, vol.165, pp.353-361, 1994.

M. Boussafir, F. Gelin, E. Lallier-vergès, S. Derenne, P. Bertrand et al., Electron microscopy and pyrolysis of kerogens from the Kimmeridge Clay Formation, UK: Source organisms, preservation processes, and origin of microcycles, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.59, issue.18, pp.3731-3747, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(95)00273-3

M. Boussafir and E. Lallier-vergès, Accumulation of organic matter in the Kimmeridge Clay formation (KCF): an update fossilisation model for marine petroleum source-rocks, Marine and Petroleum Geology, vol.14, issue.1, pp.75-83, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0264-8172(96)00050-5

G. W. Brown and G. W. Brindley, X-ray Diffraction Procedures for Clay Mineral Identification, pp.305-359, 1980.
DOI : 10.1180/mono-5.5

D. J. Burdige, W. M. Berelson, K. H. Coale, J. Mcmanus, and K. S. Johnson, Fluxes of dissolved organic carbon from California continental margin sediments, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.63, issue.10, pp.1507-1515, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00066-6

A. B. Caldicott and G. Egliton, Surface waxes Inorganic Elements and Special Groups of Chemicals, Phytochemistry, vol.3, p.162, 1973.

S. E. Calvert and T. F. Pedersen, Organic carbon preservation and accumulation in marine sediments : How important is the anoxia?, Productivity, Accumulation and Preservation of Organic Matter in Recent and Ancient Sediments, pp.121-138, 1992.

M. Campy and M. Meybeck, Les sediments lacustres, pp.185-219, 1995.

G. Camus, G. Michard, P. Olive, P. Boivin, P. Degranges et al., Risque d'éruption gazeuse carbonique en Auvergne, Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr, vol.164, pp.767-781, 1993.

M. E. Carr, Estimation of the potential productivity in the Eastern Boundary Currents using remote sensing. Deep-Sea Research Part II-Topical Studies in Oceanography 49, pp.59-80, 2002.

G. Cauwet, Non living particulate matter In : Marine organic chemistry, pp.71-89, 1981.

H. Chamley, Clay sedimentology, p.623, 1989.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-85916-8

M. J. Collins, A. N. Bishop, and P. Farrimond, Sorption by mineral surfaces: Rebirth of the classical condensation pathway for kerogen formation?, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.59, issue.11, pp.2387-2391, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(95)00114-F

P. A. Cranwell, G. Eglinton, and N. Robinson, Lipids of aquatic organisms as potential contributors to lacustrine sediments???II, Organic Geochemistry, vol.11, issue.6, pp.513-527, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/0146-6380(87)90007-6

L. J. Crossey and D. Larsen, Authigenic mineralogy of sandstones intercalated with organic-rich mudstones: Integrating diagenesis and burial history of the Mesaverde group, Piceance Basin, NW Colorado In: Origin, Diagenesis, and petrophysics of clay minerals in sandstones, SEPM Special Publication No 47, pp.125-144, 1992.

B. Dauwe, J. J. Middelburg, and P. M. Herman, Effect of oxygen on the degradability of organic matter in subtidal and intertidal sediments of the North Sea area, Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol.215, pp.13-22, 2001.
DOI : 10.3354/meps215013

J. A. Davis and R. Gloor, Adsorption of dissolved organics in lake water by aluminum oxide. Effect of molecular weight, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.15, issue.10, pp.1223-1229, 1981.
DOI : 10.1021/es00092a012

J. A. Davis, Adsorption of natural dissolved organic matter at the oxide/water interface, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.46, issue.11, pp.2381-2393, 1982.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(82)90209-5

E. T. Degens and K. Mopper, EARLY DIAGENESIS OF ORGANIC MATTER IN MARINE SOILS, Soil Science, vol.119, issue.1, pp.65-72, 1975.
DOI : 10.1097/00010694-197501000-00010

E. T. Degens and K. Moore, Factors Controlling the Distribution and Early Diagenesis of Organic Material in Marine Sediments, Chem. Oceanogr, vol.6, pp.59-113, 1976.
DOI : 10.1016/B978-0-12-588606-2.50012-6

G. J. Demaison and G. T. Moore, Anoxic environments and oil source bed genesis, Organic Geochemistry, vol.2, issue.1, pp.1179-1209, 1980.
DOI : 10.1016/0146-6380(80)90017-0

L. Delevoye, J. Robert, J. Grandjean, and S. Na, Al MAS NMR investigation of laponite and synthetic saponites of variables interlayer charge, Clay Minerals, vol.23, issue.381, pp.27-63, 2003.

S. Derenne, C. Largeau, E. Casadevall, C. Berkaloff, and B. Rousseau, Chemical evidence of kerogen formation in source rocks and oil shales via selective preservation of thin resistant outer walls of microalgae: Origin of ultralaminae, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.55, issue.4, pp.1041-1050, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(91)90162-X

S. Derenne, C. Largeau, and P. G. Hatcher, Structure of Chlorella fusca algaenan: relationships with ultralaminae in lacustrine kerogens; species- and environment-dependent variations in the composition of fossil ultralaminae, Organic Geochemistry, vol.18, issue.4, pp.417-422, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0146-6380(92)90104-6

J. Deveaux, Contribution a l'etude limnologique du lac pavin (France) I: Facteurs abiotiques et phytoplancton, Hydrobiologia, vol.10, issue.2, pp.167-189, 1980.
DOI : 10.4319/lo.1957.2.2.0140

J. Disnar and J. Trichet, The influence of various divalent cations (UO22+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Mn2+) on the thermally induced evolution of organic matter isolated from an algal mat, Organic Geochemistry, vol.6, pp.865-874, 1984.
DOI : 10.1016/0146-6380(84)90109-8

J. Disnar, B. Guillet, D. Keravis, C. Di-giovanni, and D. Sebag, Soil organic matter (SOM) characterization by Rock-Eval pyrolysis: scope and limitations, Organic Geochemistry, vol.34, issue.3, pp.327-343, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0146-6380(02)00239-5

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00069394

V. A. Drits and C. Tchoubar, X-ray diffraction by disordered lamellar structures: Theory and application to microdivided silicates and carbons, p.371, 1990.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-74802-8

W. W. Emerson and M. Raupach, The reaction of polyvinyl alcohol with montmorillonite, Australian Journal of Soil Research, vol.2, issue.1, pp.46-55, 1964.
DOI : 10.1071/SR9640046

L. E. Ensminger and J. E. Gieseking, RESISTANCE OF CLAY-ADSORBED PROTEINS TO PROTEOLYTIC HYDROLYSIS, Soil Science, vol.53, issue.3, pp.205-209, 1942.
DOI : 10.1097/00010694-194203000-00005

M. Ergin, M. N. Bodur, D. Ediger, V. Ediger, and A. Yilmaz, Organic carbon distribution in the surface sediments of the Sea of Marmara and its control by the inflows from adjacent water masses, Marine Chemistry, vol.41, issue.4, pp.311-326, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-4203(93)90263-N

E. Eslinger and D. Peaver, Clay minerals for petroleum geologists engineers. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Minerologists Short Course Notes, p.22, 1988.

J. Espitalié, J. L. Laporte, M. Madec, F. Marquis, P. Leplat et al., Méthode rapide de caractérisation des roches mères, de leur potentiel pétrolier et de leur degré d'évolution, pp.23-42, 1977.

J. Espitalié, S. Makadi, K. Trichet, and J. , Role of the mineral matrix during kerogen pyrolysis, Organic Geochemistry, vol.6, pp.365-382, 1984.
DOI : 10.1016/0146-6380(84)90059-7

J. Espitalié, G. Deroo, and F. Marquis, La pyrolyse Rock-Eval et ses applications, pp.563-579, 1985.

J. Espitalié, G. Deroo, and F. Marquis, La pyrolyse Rock-Eval et ses applications. Troisi??me partie., Revue de l'Institut Fran??ais du P??trole, vol.41, issue.1, pp.733-789, 1986.
DOI : 10.2516/ogst:1986003

P. Faure, L. Schlepp, L. Mansuy-huault, M. Elie, E. Jardé et al., Aromatization of organic matter induced by the presence of clays during flash pyrolysis-gas chromatography???mass spectrometry (PyGC???MS), Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol.75, issue.1, pp.1-10, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaap.2005.02.004

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00021673

M. Follows and S. Dutkiewicz, Meteorological modulation of the North Atlantic spring bloom. Deep-Sea Research Part II-Topical Studies in the Oceanography, pp.321-344, 2002.

R. Francois, A study of sulphur enrichment in the humic fraction of marine sediments during early diagenesis, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.51, issue.1, pp.17-27, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(87)90003-2

A. H. Gemeay, A. S. El-sherbiny, and A. B. Zaki, Adsorption and Kinetic Studies of the Intercalation of Some Organic Compounds onto Na+-Montmorillonite, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol.245, issue.1, pp.116-125, 2002.
DOI : 10.1006/jcis.2001.7989

R. J. Gibbs, Clay Mineral segregation in the marine environment, L. Sedim. Petrol, vol.47, issue.1, pp.237-243, 1977.

A. Gimsing, J. C. Sørensen, B. W. Strobel, and H. C. Hansen, Adsorption of glucosinolates to metal oxides, clay minerals and humic acid, Applied Clay Science, vol.35, issue.3-4, pp.212-217, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.clay.2006.08.008

J. Grandjean and J. Robert, Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies on Aqueous Suspensions of Synthetic Saponites, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol.187, issue.1, pp.267-273, 1997.
DOI : 10.1006/jcis.1996.4686

D. J. Greenland, INTERACTIONS BETWEEN HUMIC AND FULVIC ACIDS AND CLAYS, Soil Science, vol.111, issue.1, pp.34-41, 1971.
DOI : 10.1097/00010694-197101000-00004

B. Gu, J. Schmitt, Z. Chen, . Liang, and J. F. Mccarthy, Adsorption and desorption of different organic matter fractions on iron oxide, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.59, issue.2, pp.219-229, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(94)00282-Q

B. Gu, T. L. Mehlhorn, L. Liang, and J. F. Mccarthy, Competitive adsorption, displacement, and transport of organic matter on iron oxide: I. Competitive adsorption, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.60, issue.11, 1943.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(96)00059-2

P. Guenet, Datation par l'analyse pollinique de l'explosion des volcans du groupe du Pavin (Besse-en-Chandesse, Puy de Dôme, France). 11 ème réunion, Ann. Sci. Terre, Soc. Géol. Fr. éd, vol.85, 1986.

D. L. Hamilton and C. M. Henderson, The Preparation of Silicate Compositions by a Gelling Method, Mineralogical Magazine, vol.36, issue.282, pp.832-838, 1968.
DOI : 10.1180/minmag.1968.036.282.11

W. A. Hartgers, S. Damsté, J. S. Requejo, A. A. Allan, J. Hayes et al., Evidence for only minor contributions from bacteria to sedimentary organic carbon, Nature, vol.369, issue.6477, pp.224-226, 1994.
DOI : 10.1038/369224a0

J. I. Hedges and R. G. Keil, Sedimentary organic matter preservation: an assessment and speculative synthesis, Marine Chemistry, vol.49, issue.2-3, pp.81-115, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-4203(95)00008-F

L. Heller-kallai, Thermally Modified Clay Minerals, pp.289-308, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/B978-0-08-098258-8.00014-6

S. M. Henrichs, Sedimentary organic matter preservation: an assessment and speculative synthesis???a comment, Marine Chemistry, vol.49, issue.2-3, pp.127-136, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-4203(95)00012-G

A. Y. Huc, Sedimentology of organic matter In : Humic substances and their role in the environment, pp.215-243, 1988.

A. Y. Huc, E. Lallier-vergès, P. Bertrand, B. Carpentier, and D. J. Hollander, Organic matter response to change of depositional environment in Kimmeridgian shales, Dorset, Organic Matter: Productivity, Accumulation, and Preservation in Recent and Ancient Sediments, pp.469-486, 1992.

G. E. Hutchinson, A Treatise on Limnology. I, Geography, Physics and chemistry, 1957.

G. A. Jackson, A model of the formation of marine algal flocs by physical coagulation processes, Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers, vol.37, issue.8, pp.1197-1211, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0198-0149(90)90038-W

B. B. Jørgensen, Mineralization of organic matter in the sea bed???the role of sulphate reduction, Nature, vol.42, issue.5858, pp.643-645, 1982.
DOI : 10.1038/296643a0

E. Juvigné and E. Gilot, Age et zones de dispersion des téphras émises par les volcans du Montcineyre et du lac Pavin (Massif Central, France), Z. dt. Geol. Ges, vol.137, pp.613-623, 1986.

B. J. Katz, Limitations of ???Rock-Eval??? pyrolysis for typing organic matter, Organic Geochemistry, vol.4, issue.3-4, pp.195-199, 1983.
DOI : 10.1016/0146-6380(83)90041-4

B. J. Katz, Source Quality and Richness of Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 535 Sediments, Southeastern Gulf of Mexico, Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, pp.445-450, 1984.
DOI : 10.2973/dsdp.proc.77.111.1984

R. G. Keil, E. Tsamakis, C. B. Futh, C. Giddings, and J. I. Hedges, Mineralogical and textural controls on the organic composition of coastal marine sediments: Hydrodynamic separation using SPLITT-fractionation, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.58, issue.2, pp.879-893, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(94)90512-6

R. G. Keil, E. Tsamakis, N. Wolf, J. I. Hedges, and M. Goni, Relationships between organic carbon preservation and mineral surface area along the Amazon fan (Sites 932A and 942A), Proc. Of the Ocean Drilling Program Scientific Results, pp.531-538, 1997.

K. Kelts and K. J. Hsü, Freshwater carbonate sedimentation (eds) Lakes : Chemistry, Geology, Physics, pp.295-323, 1978.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4757-1152-3_9

K. Kelts, A. J. From-fleet, K. Kelts, and M. R. Talbot, Environments of deposition of lacustrine petroleum source rocks: an introduction, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, vol.40, issue.1, pp.3-26, 1988.
DOI : 10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.02

A. Klingberg, J. Odermatt, and D. Meier, Influence of parameters on pyrolysis-GC/MS of lignin in the presence of tetramethylammonium hydroxide, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol.74, issue.1-2, pp.104-109, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaap.2004.11.023

K. Kobo and T. Fujisawa, Studies on the clay-humus complexe. 3. Adsorption of humic acid by clay, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, vol.9, pp.36-37, 1963.

J. C. Kuhr and H. J. Fitting, Monte Carlo simulation of electron emission from solids, Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, vol.105, issue.2-3, pp.257-273, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0368-2048(99)00082-1

E. Lafargue, F. Marquis, and D. Pillot, Rock-Eval 6 Applications in Hydrocarbon Exploration, Production, and Soil Contamination Studies, Revue de l'Institut Fran??ais du P??trole, vol.53, issue.4, pp.421-437, 1998.
DOI : 10.2516/ogst:1998036

R. S. Lampitt, Evidence for the seasonal deposition of detritus to the deep-sea floor and its subsequent resuspension, Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers, vol.32, issue.8, pp.885-897, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/0198-0149(85)90034-2

F. F. Langford and M. Blanc-valleron, Interpreting Rock-Eval pyrolysis data using graphs of pyrolizable hydrocarbons vs. total organic carbon, The American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, vol.74, issue.6, pp.799-804, 1990.

C. Largeau, E. Casadevall, A. Kadouri, and P. Metzger, Formation of Botryococcus-derived kerogens???Comparative study of immature torbanites and of the extent alga Botryococcus braunii, Organic Geochemistry, vol.6, pp.327-332, 1984.
DOI : 10.1016/0146-6380(84)90054-8

C. Largeau, S. Derenne, E. Casadevall, A. Kadouri, and N. Sellire, Pyrolysis of immature Torbanite and of the resistant biopolymer (PRB A) isolated from extant alga Botryococcus braunii. Mechanism of formation and structure of torbanite, Organic Geochemistry, vol.10, issue.4-6, pp.1023-1032, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/S0146-6380(86)80041-9

C. Largeau, S. Derenne, E. Casadevall, C. Berkaloff, M. Corolleur et al., Occurrence and origin of ultralaminar structures in "amorphous" kerogens from various source-rocks and oil-shales Organic Geochemistry, Advances in organic geochemistry, pp.889-896, 1989.

S. R. Larter and A. G. Douglas, Melanoidins???kerogen precursors and geochemical lipid sinks: a study using pyrolysis gas chromatography (PGC), Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.44, issue.12, pp.2087-2095, 1980.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(80)90206-9

B. S. Lartiges, V. Chaignon, L. J. Michot, and J. Robert, Is sweep-flocculation relevant to saponite aggregation?, Water Science and Technology, vol.38, issue.6, pp.319-325, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0273-1223(98)00592-7

J. Lin, J. Cheng, R. Wang, and R. Lee, Tailoring Basal Spacings of Montmorillonite by Poly(oxyalkylene)diamine Intercalation, Macromolecules, vol.34, issue.26, pp.8832-8834, 2001.
DOI : 10.1021/ma011169f

J. Lyklema, How polymers adsorb and affect colloid stability, flocculation, sedimentation and consolidation. In Flocculation, sedimentation and consolidation, Proceedings of the Engineering Foundation Conference, pp.3-21, 1986.

L. C. Maillard, Action des acides aminés sur les sucres: formation des mélanoïdines par voie méthodique. Compte-rendu de l'Académie des sciences 154, pp.66-68, 1913.

J. M. Martin, The Pavin crater lake, Chemical Processes in Lakes. Wiley Interscience, pp.169-188, 1985.

N. Maurin, C. Amblard, and G. Bourdier, Phytoplanktonic excretion and bacterial reassimilation in an oligomesotrophic lake: molecular weight fractionation, Journal of Plankton Research, vol.19, issue.8, pp.1045-1068, 1997.
DOI : 10.1093/plankt/19.8.1045

L. M. Mayer, S. A. Macko, and L. Cammen, Provenance, concentrations and nature of sedimentary organic nitrogen in the gulf of Maine, Marine Chemistry, vol.25, issue.3, pp.291-304, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-4203(88)90056-4

L. M. Mayer, Surface area control of organic carbon accumulation in continental shelf sediments, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.58, issue.4, pp.1271-1284, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(94)90381-6

L. M. Mayer, Extent of coverage of mineral surfaces by organic matter in marine sediments, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.63, issue.2, pp.207-215, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00028-9

D. Mc, G. Day, B. T. Hart, I. D. Mc-kelvie, and R. Beckett, Adsorption of natural organic matter onto goethite, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, vol.89, pp.1-13, 1994.

D. W. Menzel, Primary productivity, dissolved and particulate organic matter, and the sites of oxidation of organic matter In : The Sea, Marine Chemistry, vol.5, pp.659-678, 1974.

M. Meybeck, J. M. Martin, and P. Olive, Géochimie des eaux et des sédiments de quelques lacs du Massif Central français, Vehr. Int. Limnol, vol.19, pp.1150-1165, 1975.

M. Meybeck, Les lacs et leur bassin, pp.7-59, 1995.

P. A. Meyers and J. G. Quinn, Fatty acid-clay mineral association in artificial and natural sea water solutions, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.35, issue.6, pp.628-632, 1971.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(71)90094-9

P. A. Meyers, Association of fatty acids and hydrocarbons with mineral particles in sea water, 1972.

P. A. Meyers and J. G. Quinn, Factors affecting the association of fatty acids with mineral particles in sea water, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.37, issue.7, pp.1745-1759, 1973.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(73)90160-9

G. Michard, E. Viollier, D. Jézéquel, and G. Sarazin, Geochemical study of a crater lake: Pavin Lake, France ??? Identification, location and quantification of the chemical reactions in the lake, Chemical Geology, vol.115, issue.1-2, pp.103-115, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0009-2541(94)90147-3

L. J. Michot, I. Bihannic, M. Pelletier, E. Rinnert, and J. Robert, Hydration and swelling of synthetic Na-saponites: Influence of layer charge, American Mineralogist, vol.90, issue.1, pp.166-172, 2005.
DOI : 10.2138/am.2005.1600

G. Millot, Géologie des argiles English translation 1970, Geology of Clays, pp.499-429, 1964.

T. Mongenot, M. Boussafir, S. Derenne, E. Lallier-vergès, C. Largeau et al., Sulphur-rich matter from bituminous laminites of Orbagnoux (France, Upper Kimmeridgian). The rôle of early vulcanization, Bull. Soc. géol. France, vol.168, issue.3, pp.331-341, 1997.

T. Mongenot, S. Derenne, C. Largeau, N. P. Tribovillard, E. Lallier-vergès et al., Spectroscopic, kinetic and pyrolytic studies of kerogen from the dark parallel laminae facies of the sulphur-rich Orbagnoux deposit (Upper Kimmeridgian, Jura), Organic Geochemistry, vol.30, issue.1, pp.39-56, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0146-6380(98)00199-5

F. Nipkow, Vorläufige Mitteilungen über Untersuchungen des Schlammabsatzes im Zürichsee, Z. Hydrologie, vol.1, pp.1-27, 1920.
DOI : 10.1007/bf02485147

M. Ochs, B. ?osovi?, and W. Stumm, Coordinative and hydrophobic interaction of humic substances with hydrophilic Al2O3 and hydrophobic mercury surfaces, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.58, issue.2, pp.639-650, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(94)90494-4

M. Ogawa, T. Ishii, N. Miyamoto, and K. Kuroda, Intercalation of a cationic azobenzene into montmorillonite, Applied Clay Science, vol.22, issue.4, pp.179-185, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0169-1317(02)00157-6

L. Olivier, Matériaux pour la connaissance limnologique des lacs montdoriens, 1939.

N. Omaly, Le lac Pavin -Historique et, Hydrobiologie. Rev. Sc. Nat. d'Auvergne, vol.34, pp.7-31, 1968.

H. Paquet, G. Coudé-gaussen, and P. Rognon, Etude minéralogique de poussières sahariennes le long d'un itinéraire entre 19° et 35° de latitude nord, Rev. Géol. Dyn. Géogr. Phys, vol.25, pp.257-265, 1984.

R. L. Parfitt and D. J. Greenland, The Adsorption of Poly(Ethylene Glycols) on Clay Minerals, Clay Minerals, vol.8, issue.3, pp.305-318, 1970.
DOI : 10.1180/claymin.1970.008.3.08

M. Pelletier, L. J. Michot, O. Barres, B. Humbert, S. Petit et al., Influence of KBr Conditioning on the Infrared Hydroxyl-Stretching Region of Saponites, Clay Minerals, vol.34, issue.3, pp.439-445, 1997.
DOI : 10.1180/claymin.1999.034.3.05

M. Pelletier, L. J. Michot, B. Humbert, O. Barrès, J. Espinose-de-la-caillerie et al., Influence of layer charge on the hydroxyl stretching of trioctahedral clay minerals: A vibrational study of synthetic Na- and K-saponites, American Mineralogist, vol.88, issue.11-12, pp.1801-1808, 2003.
DOI : 10.2138/am-2003-11-1221

S. Peulvé, J. W. De-leeuw, M. A. Sicre, M. Baas, and A. Saliot, Characterization of macromolecular organic matter in sediment traps from the northwestern Mediterranean Sea, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.60, issue.7, pp.1239-1259, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(95)00442-4

L. Pichevin, P. Bertrand, M. Boussafir, and J. Disnar, Organic matter accumulation and preservation controls in a deep sea modern environment: an example from Namibian slope sediments, Organic Geochemistry, vol.35, issue.5, pp.543-559, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2004.01.018

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00068277

T. Platt, S. Sathyendranath, A. M. Edwards, D. S. Broomhead, and O. Ulloa, Nitrate supply and demand in the mixed layer of the ocean, Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol.254, pp.3-9, 2003.
DOI : 10.3354/meps254003

M. R. Preston and J. P. Riley, The interactions of humic compounds with electrolytes and three clay minerals under simulated estuarine conditions, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, vol.14, issue.5, pp.567-576, 1982.
DOI : 10.1016/S0302-3524(82)80078-9

B. Ransom, R. H. Bennett, R. Baerwald, and K. Shea, TEM study of in situ organic matter on continental margins: occurrence and the ???monolayer??? hypothesis, Marine Geology, vol.138, issue.1-2, pp.1-9, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00012-1

M. A. Rashid, D. E. Buckley, and K. R. Robertson, Interactions of a marine humic acid with clay minerals and a natural sediment, Geoderma, vol.8, issue.1, pp.11-27, 1972.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7061(72)90029-8

J. F. Raynaud, B. Lugardon, and G. Lacrampe-couloume, Structures lamellaires et bactéries, composants essentiels de la matière organique amorphe des roches mères, pp.1-21, 1989.

E. Rinnert, C. Carteret, B. Humbert, G. Fragneto-cusani, J. D. Ramsay et al., Hydration of a Synthetic Clay with Tetrahedral Charges:?? A Multidisciplinary Experimental and Numerical Study, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol.109, issue.49, pp.23745-23759, 2005.
DOI : 10.1021/jp050957u

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00165296

S. J. Rowland and J. N. Robson, The widespread occurrence of highly branched acyclic C20, C25 and C30 hydrocarbons in recent sediments and biota???A review, Marine Environmental Research, vol.30, issue.3, pp.191-216, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0141-1136(90)90019-K

Y. Rubinsztain, S. Yariz, P. Ioselis, Z. Aizenshtat, and R. Ikan, Characterization of melanoidins by IR spectroscopy???I. Galactose-glycine melanoidins, Organic Geochemistry, vol.9, issue.3, pp.117-125, 1986.
DOI : 10.1016/0146-6380(86)90101-4

Y. Rubinsztain, S. Yariz, P. Ioselis, Z. Aizenshtat, and R. Ikan, Characterization of melanoidins by IR spectroscopy???II. Melanoidins of galactose with arginine, isoleucine, lysine and valine, Organic Geochemistry, vol.9, issue.6, pp.371-374, 1986.
DOI : 10.1016/0146-6380(86)90118-X

V. Salmon, S. Derenne, E. Lallier-vergès, C. Largeau, and B. Beaudoin, Protection of organic matter by mineral matrix in a Cenomanian black shale, Organic Geochemistry, vol.31, issue.5, pp.463-474, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0146-6380(00)00013-9

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00115181

J. Sanz and J. Robert, Influence of structural factors on 29 Si and 27 Al NMR chemical shifts of phyllosilicates 2:1, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, vol.19, issue.1, pp.39-45, 1992.

J. Satterberg, T. S. Arnarson, E. J. Lessard, and R. G. Keil, Sorption of organic matter from four phytoplankton species to montmorillonite, chlorite and kaolinite in seawater, Marine Chemistry, vol.81, issue.1-2, pp.11-18, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-4203(02)00136-6

R. D. Shannon, Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides, Acta Crystallographica Section A, vol.32, issue.5, pp.751-767, 1976.
DOI : 10.1107/S0567739476001551

H. W. Scharpenseel, Tracer investigations on synthesis and radiometric combination of soil organo-mineral complexes, Transactions of the Meeting of Commissions II and IV of the International Society of Soil Science, pp.41-52, 1966.

M. J. Schwab, D. Acksel, C. Brüchmann, M. Stebich, and J. F. Negendank, The lac Pavin sediment cores (Massif Central, France) -chronological and paleoenvironmental information from varved sediments, XVI INQUA Congress paper, pp.43-47, 2003.

R. P. Schwarzenbach, P. M. Gschwend, and D. M. Imboden, Environmental Organic Chemistry, p.681, 1993.
DOI : 10.1002/0471649643

C. Schwarzinger, I. Tanczos, and H. Schmidt, Levoglucosan, cellobiose and their acetates as model compounds for the thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation of cellulose and cellulose acetate, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol.62, issue.2, pp.179-196, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0165-2370(01)00114-0

D. Sebag, J. Disnar, B. Guillet, D. Giovanni, C. Verrecchia et al., Monitoring organic matter dynamics in soil profiles by 'Rock-Eval pyrolysis': bulk characterization and quantification of degradation, European Journal of Soil Science, vol.321, issue.3, pp.344-356, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/S0165-2370(03)00059-7

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00022652

S. Damsté, J. S. De-leeuw, and J. W. , Analysis, structure and geochemical significance of organically-bound sulphur in the geosphere: State of the art and future research, Organic Geochemistry, vol.16, issue.4-6, pp.1077-1101, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0146-6380(90)90145-P

W. O. Smith, R. T. Barber, and S. A. Huntsman, Primary production of the coast of northwest Africa: excretion of dissolved organic matter and its heterotrophic uptake. Deep sea research 24, pp.35-47, 1976.

M. Stebich, C. Bruchmann, T. Kulbe, and J. F. Negendank, Vegetation history, human impact and climate change during the last 700 years recorded in annually laminated sediments of Lac Pavin, France, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, vol.133, issue.1-2, pp.115-133, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2004.09.004

W. Stumm and J. J. Morgan, Aquatic Chemistry, p.1022, 1996.

M. Sturm and A. Matter, Sedimente und Sedimentationsvorgänge im Thunersees. Eclogae geol, Helv, vol.65, issue.3, pp.563-590, 1972.

M. Sturm and A. Matter, Turbidites and Varves in Lake Brienz (Switzerland): Deposition of Clastic Detritus by Density Currents, Special Publication of the International Association of Sedimentologists, vol.2, pp.147-168, 1978.
DOI : 10.1002/9781444303698.ch8

E. Suess, Interaction of organic compounds with calcium carbonate-II. Organo-carbonate association in Recent sediments, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.37, issue.11, pp.2435-2447, 1973.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(73)90290-1

S. F. Sugai and S. M. Henrichs, Rates of amino acid uptake and mineralization in Resurrection Bay (Alaska) sediments, Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol.88, pp.129-141, 1992.
DOI : 10.3354/meps088129

E. W. Tegelaar, J. W. De-leeuw, S. Derenne, and C. Largeau, A reappraisal of kerogen formation, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.53, issue.11, pp.3103-3106, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(89)90191-9

B. K. Theng and H. W. Scharpenseel, The adsorption of 14 C-labelled humic acid by montmorillonite, Proceedings of the International Clay Conference, 1975.

B. K. Theng, Formation and properties of clay-polymer complexes, Dev. Soil Sci, vol.9, p.372, 1979.

B. K. Theng, Clay-Polymer Interactions: Summary and Perspectives, Clays and Clay Minerals, vol.30, issue.1, pp.1-10, 1982.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.1982.0300101

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.608.2942

C. A. Thimsen and R. G. Keil, Potential interactions between sedimentary dissolved organic matter and mineral surfaces, Marine Chemistry, vol.62, issue.1-2, pp.65-76, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-4203(98)00018-8

E. M. Thurman, Organic Geochemistry of Natural Waters, p.497, 1985.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-009-5095-5

E. Tipping and C. Woof, Elevated concentrations of humic substances in a seasonally anoxic hypolimnion: Evidence for co-accumulation with iron, Arch. Hydrobiol, vol.98, pp.137-145, 1983.

E. Tipping, Interactions of organic acids with inorganic and organic surfaces In: Organic Acids in Aquatic Ecosystems, Life Sciences Research Reports, pp.209-221, 1990.

B. P. Tissot and D. H. Welte, Petrolium formation and occurrence. 2 nd edition, 1984.

N. P. Tribovillard, A. Desprairies, E. Lallier-vergès, and P. Bertrand, Vulcanization of lipidic organic matter in reactive-iron deficient environments : a possible enhancement for the storage of hydrogen-rich organic matter, C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, vol.319, issue.2, pp.1199-1206, 1994.

J. A. Van-veen and P. J. Kuikman, Soil structural aspects of decomposition of organic matter by micro-organisms, Biogeochemistry, vol.61, issue.3, pp.213-233, 1990.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00004497

J. D. Van-heemst, M. Baas, J. W. De-leeuw, and R. Renner, Molecular characterization of marine dissolved organic matter, pp.694-698, 1993.

B. Velde, Origin and mineralogy of clays, p.356, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-662-12648-6

E. Viollier, P. Albéric, D. Jézéquel, G. Michard, M. Pèpe et al., Geochernical study of a crater lake (Pavin Lake, France): Trace-element behaviour in the monimolimnion, Chemical Geology, vol.125, issue.1-2, pp.61-72, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0009-2541(95)00059-U

E. Viollier, G. Michard, D. Jézéquel, M. Pèpe, and G. Sarazin, Geochemical study of a crater lake: Lake Pavin, Puy de D??me, France. Constraints afforded by the particulate matter distribution in the element cycling within the lake, Chemical Geology, vol.142, issue.3-4, pp.225-241, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0009-2541(97)00093-4

S. G. Wakeham, J. W. Farrington, and R. B. Gagosian, Variability in lipid flux and composition of particulate organic matter in the Peru upwelling region, Organic Geochemistry, vol.6, pp.204-215, 1984.

S. G. Wakeham, J. W. Farrington, and R. B. Gagosian, Biogeochemistry of particulate organic matter in the oceans: results from sediment trap experiments, Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers, vol.31, issue.5, pp.509-528, 1984.
DOI : 10.1016/0198-0149(84)90099-2

X. Wang and C. Lee, Adsorption and desorption of aliphatic amines, amino acids and acetate by clay minerals and marine sediments, Marine Chemistry, vol.44, issue.1, pp.1-23, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-4203(93)90002-6

C. E. Weaver, Clays, Muds and Shales, 1989.

J. T. Westrich and R. A. Berner, model tested1, Limnology and Oceanography, vol.29, issue.2, pp.236-249, 1984.
DOI : 10.4319/lo.1984.29.2.0236

U. G. Whitehouse and R. S. Mccarter, Diagenetic modification of clay minerals in artificial sea water, Clays and Clay Minerals, 1958.

U. G. Whitehouse, L. M. Jeffrey, and J. D. Debrecht, Differential settling tendencies of clay minerals in the saline solution, 1960.

H. L. Windom, Lithogenous material in marine sediments Academic press, pp.103-136, 1976.

. Xu-chen, . Wang, and C. Lee, Adsorption and desorption of aliphatic amines, amino acids and acetate by clay minerals and marine sediments, Marine Chemistry, vol.44, pp.1-23, 1993.

Y. Zegouagh, S. Derenne, C. Largeau, P. Bertrand, M. A. Sicre et al., Refractory organic matter in sediments from the North???West African upwelling system: abundance, chemical structure and origin, Organic Geochemistry, vol.30, issue.2-3, pp.101-118, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0146-6380(98)00207-1

J. L. Zhou, S. Rowland, R. F. Mantoura, and J. Braven, The formation of humic coatings on mineral particles under simulated estuarine conditions???A mechanistic study, Water Research, vol.28, issue.3, pp.571-579, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0043-1354(94)90008-6

J. Zumstein and J. Buffle, Circulation of pedogenic and aquagenic organic matter in an eutrophic lake, Water Research, vol.23, issue.2, pp.229-239, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0043-1354(89)90047-X

. Signal-en-spectrométrie, Spectre de la bentonite du Wyoming avec une proportion modérée de Fe 3+ (bande à 885 cm -1 ) Le quartz est détectable (bande à 780, et 373 cm -1 ), ainsi que des traces de carbonates