C. Bathias and J. Ba?¨lonba?¨lon, La fatigue des matériaux et des structures, International Journal of Fatigue References, issue.1, 1997.

M. Luong, Infrared thermography of fatigue in metals, SPIE, vol.1682, pp.222-255, 1992.

J. Bérard, S. Rathery, and A. Béranger, Détermination de la limite d'endurance des matériaux par thermographie infrarouge, Mater Technol, vol.1, issue.2, pp.55-62, 1998.

J. Krapez, D. Pacou, and C. Bertin, Application of lock-in thermography to a rapid evaluation of the fatigue limit in metals, editor. Fifth AITA, Int. Workshop on Advanced Infrared Techn. and Appl, pp.379-85, 1999.

L. Rosa, G. Risitano, and A. , Thermographic methodology for rapid determination of the fatigue limit of materials and mechanical components, International Journal of Fatigue, vol.22, issue.1, pp.65-73, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0142-1123(99)00088-2

C. Mabru, A. Chrysochoos, . Photomécanique, Y. Berthaud, M. Cottron et al., Dissipation et couplages accompagnant la fatigue de matériaux métalliques, pp.375-82, 2001.

A. Galtier, O. Bouaziz, and A. Lambert, Influence de la microstructure des aciers sur leurs propriétésm e ´caniques, Méc. Ind, vol.3, issue.5, pp.457-62, 2002.

C. Doudard, S. Calloch, F. Hild, P. Cugy, and A. Galtier, Identification of the scatter in high cycle fatigue from temperature measurements, Comptes Rendus Mecanique, vol.332, issue.10, pp.795-801, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S1631-0721(04)00153-6
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00002927

C. Doudard, S. Calloch, P. Cugy, A. Galtier, and F. Hild, A probabilistic two-scale model for high-cycle fatigue life predictions, Fatigue <html_ent glyph="@amp;" ascii="&"/> Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures, vol.5, issue.3, pp.279-88, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00553691
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00322496

A. Freudenthal, Statistical approach to brittle fracture, Fracture, vol.2, pp.591-619, 1968.

G. Speich and R. Miller, Structure and properties of dual phase steels, pp.146-81, 1979.

Z. Li, J. Han, Y. Wang, and Z. Kuang, Low-cycle fatigue investigations and numerical simulations on dual phase steel with different microstructures, Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct, vol.3, issue.3, pp.229-269, 1990.

A. Gustavsson and A. Melanger, Variable-amplitude fatigue of a dual-phase sheet steel subjected to prestrain, International Journal of Fatigue, vol.16, issue.7, pp.503-512, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0142-1123(94)90201-1

T. Lei, G. Lin, and Y. Cui, DISLOCATION SUBSTRUCTURES IN FERRITE OF PLAIN CARBON DUAL-PHASE STEELS AFTER FATIGUE FRACTURE, Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures, vol.6, issue.4, pp.451-459, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0036-9748(71)90062-7

T. Hashimoto and M. Pereira, Fatigue life studies in carbon dual-phase steels, International Journal of Fatigue, vol.18, issue.8, pp.529-562, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0142-1123(96)00042-4

K. Nakajima, S. Kamiishi, M. Yokoe, and T. Miyata, The Influence of Microstructural Morphology and Prestrain on Fatigue Crack Propagation of Dual-phase Steels in the Near-threshold Region., ISIJ International, vol.39, issue.5, pp.486-92, 1999.
DOI : 10.2355/isijinternational.39.486

M. Sarwar and R. Priestner, Fatigue Crack Propagation Behavior in Dual-Phase Steel, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, vol.8, issue.2, pp.245-51, 1999.
DOI : 10.1361/105994999770347106

Z. Wang and S. Ai, Fatigue of Martensite-Ferrite High Strength Low-alloy Dual Phase Steels., ISIJ International, vol.39, issue.8, pp.747-59, 1999.
DOI : 10.2355/isijinternational.39.747

M. Haque and M. Sudhakar, ANN based prediction model for fatigue crack growth in DP steel, Fatigue <html_ent glyph="@amp;" ascii="&"/> Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures, vol.24, issue.1, pp.63-71, 2001.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1460-2695.2001.00361.x

R. Gulino and S. Phoenix, Weibull strength statistics for graphite fibres measured from the break progression in a model graphite/glass/epoxy microcomposite, Journal of Materials Science, vol.58, issue.11, pp.3107-3125, 1991.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01124848

D. Jeulin, Modèles morphologiques de structures aléatoires et changement d'e ´chelle, 1991.

J. Eshelby, The Determination of the Elastic Field of an Ellipsoidal Inclusion, and Related Problems, Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol.241, issue.1226, pp.376-96, 1957.
DOI : 10.1098/rspa.1957.0133

M. Berveiller and A. Zaoui, An extension of the self-consistent scheme to plastically-flowing polycrystals, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, vol.26, issue.5-6, pp.325-369, 1979.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-5096(78)90003-0

E. Krö-ner, Zur plastischen verformung des vielkristalls, Acta Metallurgica, vol.9, issue.2, pp.155-61, 1984.
DOI : 10.1016/0001-6160(61)90060-8

J. Lemaitre, J. Lemaitre, and C. , Mécanique des matériaux solides, 1985.

P. Cugy and A. Galtier, Microplasticity ant temperature increase in low carbon steel, 2002.

W. Weibull, A statistical theory of the strength of materials, Roy Swed Inst Eng Res, 1939.

W. Weibull, A statistical distribution function of wide applicability, ASME J Appl Mech, vol.18, issue.3, pp.293-300, 1951.

F. Cottet, LabVIEW Programmations et applications, 2001.

C. Stromeyer, The Determination of Fatigue Limits under Alternating Stress Conditions, Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol.90, issue.620, pp.411-436, 1914.
DOI : 10.1098/rspa.1914.0066

. Boulanger, Calorimetric analysis of dissipative and thermoelastic effects associated with the fatigue behavior of steels, International Journal of Fatigue, vol.26, issue.3, pp.221-229, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0142-1123(03)00171-3

P. Brémont, La thermographie infrarouge pour voir les contraintes, Mesures, vol.653, pp.53-56, 1996.

S. Calloch, Essais triaxiaux non-proportionnels et ingéniérie des modèles de comportement, 1997.

S. Calloch, Mécanique des matériaux sous sollicitations multiaxiales . HabilitationàHabilitation`Habilitationà diriger des recherches, 2002.

C. Et-jaeger-]-carslaw, H. S. Et-jaeger, and J. C. , Conduction of Heat in Solids, 1959.

R. Cazaud, La fatigue des métaux, Dunod, 1959.

[. Lima and I. , Tolérance aux défauts initiaux et effets de surface : dimensionnementàdimensionnement`dimensionnementà la fatigue depì ece de fonderie, 2000.

. Charkaluc, . Constantinescu, E. Charkaluc, and A. Constantinescu, Estimation of the mesoscopic thermoplastic dissipation in High-Cycle Fatigue, Comptes Rendus M??canique, vol.334, issue.6, pp.373-379, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.crme.2006.03.014

. Charkaluk, Fatigue design of structures under thermomechanical loadings, Fat. Fract. Eng Mat. Struct, issue.12, pp.251199-1206, 2002.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00111365

A. Chrysochoos, Dissipation et blocage d'´ energie lors d'unécrouissage un´unécrouissage en traction simple, 1987.

A. Chrysochoos, La thermographie infrarouge, un outil en puissance pour????????tudier le????comportement des mat????riauxInfrared thermography, a potential tool for analysing the material behaviour, M????canique & Industries, vol.3, issue.1, pp.3-14, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1296-2139(01)01128-9

C. Et-louche-]-chrysochoos, A. Et-louche, and H. , An infrared image processing to analyse the calorific effects accompanying strain localisation, International Journal of Engineering Science, vol.38, issue.16, pp.1759-1788, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0020-7225(00)00002-1

B. Crossland, Effect of large hydrostatic pressures on the torsional fatigue strength of an alloy steel, Proc. Int. Conf. Fatigue of Metals, pp.138-149, 1956.

C. Et-galtier-]-cugy, P. Galtier, and A. , Microplasticity and temperature increase in low carbon steel, Proceedings of the 8th International Fatigue Conference, 2002.

[. Van and K. , Sur la résistancè a la fatigue des métaux, Sciences et techniques de l'armement, 1973.

[. Van, Biaxial and Multiaxial Fatigue, chapter Criterion for high-cycle fatigue failure under multiaxial loading, pp.459-478, 1989.

[. Van, M. Van, K. Et-maitournam, and M. H. , On some recent trends in modelling of contact fatigue and wear in rail, Wear, vol.253, issue.1-2, pp.219-227, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0043-1648(02)00104-7
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00111361

. Davoli, Independence of the torsional fatigue limit upon a mean shear stress, International Journal of Fatigue, vol.25, issue.6, pp.471-480, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0142-1123(02)00174-3

. Decker, . Mackin, C. A. Decker, and T. J. Et-mackin, Measuring film thickness using infrared imaging, Thin Solid Films, vol.473, issue.2, pp.196-200, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tsf.2004.04.058

C. Doudard, Identification of the scatter in high cycle fatigue from temperature measurements, Comptes Rendus Mecanique, vol.332, issue.10, pp.795-801, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S1631-0721(04)00153-6
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00002927

. Doudard, A probabilistic model for multiaxial high cycle fatigue, Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures, vol.90, issue.2, pp.107-114, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00553691
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00497859

. Doudard, Determination of an HCF criterion by thermal measurements under biaxial cyclic loading, International Journal of Fatigue, vol.29, issue.4, pp.748-757, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2006.06.009
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00322198

S. A. Dunn, On the effects of through-thickness thermal conduction on stress measurement by thermoelastic techniques, Experimental Mechanics, vol.30, issue.4, pp.32-36, 1993.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02322547

E. Et-golos-]-ellyin, F. Et-golos, and K. , Multiaxial Fatigue Damage Criterion, Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, vol.110, issue.1, pp.63-68, 1988.
DOI : 10.1115/1.3226012

J. D. Eshelby, The determination of the elastic field of an ellipsoidal inclusion and related problems, Proc. Roy. Soc, pp.376-396, 1957.

. Ewing, . Humfrey, J. A. Ewing, and J. C. Et-humfrey, The fracture of metals under repeated alternations of stress, Phil. Trans. Royal Society, pp.241-250, 1903.

W. Findley, Fatigue of metals under combinations of stresses, Trans. ASME, vol.79, pp.1337-1348, 1957.

L. Flacelì-ereflacelì-ere, Modélisation de l'endommagement en fatigue polycyclique, 2004.

. Flacelì-ere, L. Morelflacelì-ere, and F. Et-morel, Probabilistic approach in high-cycle multiaxial fatigue: volume and surface effects, Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, vol.44, issue.12, pp.1123-1135, 2004.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1460-2695.2004.00823.x

. Flavenot, . Skalli, J. Flavenot, and L. Et-skalli, Biaxial and Multiaxial Fatigue, chapter A comparison of multiaxial fatigue criteria incorporating residual stress effect, pp.437-457, 1989.

. Froustey, Essais de fatigue multiaxiaux et par blocs, validation d'un critère pour les matériaux métalliques, Mat-Tec 92 Technology transfer series, pp.79-85, 1992.

A. Galtier, A. Galtier, O. Bouaziz, and A. Et-lambert, ContributionàContribution`Contributionà l'´ etude de l'endommagement des aciers sous sollicitations uni ou multi-axiales Influence de la microstructure des aciers sur leurs propriétés mécaniques, Méc. Ind, vol.3, issue.5, pp.457-462, 1993.

G. Gaussorgues, La thermographie infrarouge, 1980.

. Geraci, On the new methodology for the determination of the fatigue limit of materials using thermal infrared techniques, VDI IMEKO/GESA Symposium, pp.183-190, 1992.

H. J. Gough, . London, G. Scott, and . Greene, The Fatigue of Metals Crack detection in rail using infrared methods, p.46, 1924.

. Hénaff, G. Hénaff, and F. Et-morel, Fatigue des structures : Endurance , critères de dimmensionnement, propagation des fissures, rupture. Ellipses, 2005.

F. Hild, Correli LMT : A software for displacement field measurements by digital image correlation, 2002.

. Hild, Hétérogénéité des contraintes et rupture des matériaux fragiles, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, t, pp.3151293-1298, 1992.

. Hild, Mesure de champs de déplacements 2d par intercorrélation d'images : Correli 2D, 1999.

. Honorat, Calorimetric analysis of polymer behaviour using a pixel calibration of an IRFPA camera, Quantitative InfraRed Thermography Journal, vol.1, issue.2, pp.153-172, 2005.
DOI : 10.3166/qirt.2.153-171
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00572562

. Krapez, . Pacou, J. Krapez, and D. Et-pacou, Thermography detection of early thermal effects during fatigue tests of steel and aluminum samples, AIP Conference Proceedings, pp.1545-1552, 2002.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1472977

. Krapez, Application of lock-in thermography to a rapid evaluation of the fatigue limit in metals, Int. Workshop on Advanced Infrared Techn. and Appl, pp.5-379, 1999.

. Krapez, Lock-in thermography and fatigue limit of metals, Proceedings of the 2000 International Conference on Quantitative InfraRed Thermography, pp.277-282, 2000.
DOI : 10.21611/qirt.2000.051

E. Kröner, Zur plastischen verformung des vielkristalls, Acta Metallurgica, vol.9, issue.2, pp.155-161, 1984.
DOI : 10.1016/0001-6160(61)90060-8

[. , R. , R. Rosa, G. Et-risitano, and A. , Thermographic methodology for rapid determination of the fatigue limit of materials and mechanical components, Int. J. Fat, vol.22, issue.1, pp.65-73, 2000.

G. Lanza, J. Lemaitre, and J. Et-chaboche, Strength of shafting subject to both twisting and bending. trans. ASME, 8 :130. [Lemaitre et Chaboche Mécanique des matériaux solides, 1886.

L. Et-doghri-]-lemaitre, J. Et-doghri, and I. , Damage 90: a post processor for crack initiation, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, vol.115, issue.3-4, pp.197-232, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0045-7825(94)90060-4

H. P. Lieurade, La pratique des essais de fatigue, PYC Edition, issue.1, 1982.

M. P. Luong, Infrared thermography of fatigue in metals, SPIE, vol.1682, pp.222-233, 1992.

M. P. Luong, Infrared thermographic scanning of fatigue in metals, Nuclear Engineering and Design, vol.158, issue.2-3, pp.363-376, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0029-5493(95)01043-H

M. P. Luong, Fatigue limit evaluation of metals using an infrared thermographic technique, Mechanics of Materials, vol.28, issue.1-4, pp.155-163, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-6636(97)00047-1
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00111598

C. Mabru, C. Mabru, and A. Et-chrysochoos, Dissipation et couplages accompagnant la fatigue des matériaux métalliques, pp.375-382, 2001.

A. K. Mackenzie, Effects of surface coatings on infra-red measurements of thermoelastic responses. SPIE Stress and vibration : Recent developments in industrial measurement and analysis, pp.59-71, 1989.

F. Maquin and . Mareau, Méthodologie expérimentale d'´ etude du comportement thermo-mécanique de matériaux sous sollicitations cycliques. thèse de doctorat, ´ Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers Modelling of self-heating of steels under cyclic loading using a polycristalline model, Proceeding of Plasticity, 2006.

J. Marin, Résistance des métauxmétaux`métauxà la fatigue par contraintes biaxiales, J. of Applied Mechanics, vol.16, p.383, 1949.

W. Mason, Alternating stress experiments, Proc. Inst, pp.187-190, 1917.
DOI : 10.1243/PIME_PROC_1917_092_010_02

P. L. Masson and P. Et-dumons, Instrumentation d'unéchantillon un´unéchantillon en thermocouples et estimation du coefficients de transfert, p.2, 2006.

J. Mckelvie, <title>Consideration Of The Surface Temperature Response To Cyclic Thermoelastic Heat Generation</title>, Stress Analysis by Thermoelastic Techniques, pp.44-53, 1987.
DOI : 10.1117/12.937886

. Medgenberg, . Ummenhofer, J. Medgenberg, and T. Et-ummenhofer, Assesment of fatigue damage in low-carbon steel using lock-in-thermography, 2006.

. Medgenberg, . Ummenhofer, J. Medgenberg, and T. Et-ummenhofer, Detection of localized fatigue damage in steel by thermography, Thermosense XXIX, pp.17-18, 2007.
DOI : 10.1117/12.720166

G. Meneghetti, Analysis of the fatigue strength of a stainless steel based on the energy dissipation, International Journal of Fatigue, vol.29, issue.1, pp.81-94, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2006.02.043

M. Moore, H. F. Et-kommers, and J. B. , Fatigue of metals under repeated stress, Chem. Met. Eng, vol.25, pp.1141-1144, 1921.

J. C. Morisson, Biaxial Testing Using Cruciform Specimens, Techniques for Multiaxial Creep Testing, pp.111-126, 1985.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-009-3415-3_7

. Nakai, Observation of fatigue damage in structural steel by scanning atomic force microscopy, International Journal of Fatigue, vol.19, issue.93, pp.223-236, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0142-1123(97)00023-6

. Nakai, Observations of fatigue slip-bands and stage I crack initiation process in alpha-brass using scanning atomicforce microscopy, In Small Fatigue Cracks : Mechanics, Mechanisms and Applications, 1999.

C. C. Osgood, Fatigue Design, 1982.

D. Pajani, Thermographie : principes et mesure, p.2740, 2001.

. Pajani, . Audaire, D. Pajani, and L. Et-audaire, Thermographie : technologies et applications, p.2741, 2001.

I. V. Papadopoulos, Fatigue polycyclique des métaux -Une nouvelle approche, 1987.

. Papadopoulos, A comparative study of multiaxial high-cycle fatigue criteria for metals, International Journal of Fatigue, vol.19, issue.3, pp.219-235, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0142-1123(96)00064-3

R. E. Peterson, Stress concentration design factors, 1962.

J. Petit, Amorçage et propagation des fissures par fatigue dans les métaux et alliages : influence de la microstructure et de l'environnement, mécanismes et modélisation Développement et mise au point d'un essai d'´ echauffement biaxial pour l'identification rapide d'un critère en FGNC, Colloque National MECAMAT -Aussois 2007 -Fatigue des Matériaux et des Structures. [Poncelet, 2004.

. Poncelet, Prediction of self-heating measurements under proportional and non-proportional multiaxial cyclic loadings, Comptes Rendus M??canique, vol.335, issue.2, pp.81-86, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.crme.2007.01.002
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00199382

L. K. Pook, Metal Fatigue : What It Is, Why It Matters, 2007.

. Saint-sulpice and L. M. Saint-sulpice, ´ Etude et modélisation de la microplasticité sous chargements cycliques Effets de surface et anisotropie en fatigue multiaxiale, 2000.

M. Sauzay, Cubic elasticity and stress distribution at the free surface of polycrystals, Acta Materialia, vol.55, issue.4, pp.1193-1202, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.09.035

J. Sauzay, M. Sauzay, and T. Et-jourdan, Dispersion des champs mécaniques locaux et de la germination des fissures de fatiguè a grand nombre de cycles, 2005.

W. Schütz, A history of fatigue, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, vol.54, issue.2, pp.263-300, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0013-7944(95)00178-6

G. Sines, Behavior of Metals under Complex Static and Alterning Stresses, pp.145-169, 1959.

C. E. Stromeyer, The determination of fatigue limits under alternting stress conditions, Proc. Roy. Soc, pp.411-425, 1914.

S. Suresh and K. W. Taillard, Fatigue of Materials 2` eme edition ´ Etude du comportement thermomécanique des Alliagesà Alliages`Alliagesà Mémoire de Forme sous sollicitations multiaxiales complexes, Cambridge (UK), p.210, 1924.

. Bibliographie and . Wang, Comportement en fatigue gigacyclique d'une fonte gs, pp.221-226, 1999.

G. Wastiaux, La microscopie optique moderne, Technique & Documentation, issue.1, 1994.

W. Weibull, A statistical teory of the strength of materials, 1939.

W. Weibull, A statistical distribution function of wide applicability, 1951.

. Ziebs, Effects of proportional and non-proportional straining sequences on the hardening/softening behaviour of in 738 lc at elevated temperatures, Eur. J. Mech., A Solids, vol.13, pp.605-619, 1994.