Guide neige et avalanches, Connaissances, pratiques, sécurité. Edisud, 1998. ,
On the mechanics of snow slab release. Cold Regions Science and Technology, pp.287-299, 1990. ,
The Friction and Creep of Polycrystalline Ice, Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol.324, issue.1557, pp.127-55, 1971. ,
DOI : 10.1098/rspa.1971.0132
Abstract, Journal of Glaciology, vol.19, issue.137, pp.41-335, 1995. ,
DOI : 10.2307/1551176
Utilisation d'un code éléments distincts pour modéliser la rupture en mode I d'une poutre de neige, 2001. ,
Loi rhéologique incrémentale pour les sols et application par la méthode des éléments finis, Revue Francaise de Géotechnique, pp.5-22, 1977. ,
Gradient metamorphism, zonal weakening of the snowpack and avalanche initiation, Journal of Glaciology, vol.19, issue.81, pp.335-342, 1977. ,
Slab avalanching and the state of stress in fallen snow, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.8, issue.54, pp.4570-4580 ,
DOI : 10.1029/JC077i024p04570
A failure criterion for snow, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.23, issue.23, pp.4950-4958, 1973. ,
DOI : 10.1029/JB078i023p04950
Mécanique de la neige et variabilité. Application à la prévision du risque d'avalanche, 2002. ,
1999 : Modelling of the snow cover variability with Gaussian stochastic field, ICASP8, pp.869-875 ,
The Impact of surface perturbations on snow-slope stability, Annals of Glaciology, vol.30, pp.307-312, 1998. ,
DOI : 10.1029/JB084iB07p03519
Abstract, Journal of Glaciology, vol.26, issue.106, pp.321-327, 1984. ,
DOI : 10.1029/JC075i036p07619
Abstract, Journal of Glaciology, vol.34, issue.117, pp.170-177, 1988. ,
DOI : 10.1017/S0022143000032196
The Statistical Theory of the Strength of Bundles of Threads. I, Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol.183, issue.995, pp.405-435, 1945. ,
DOI : 10.1098/rspa.1945.0011
Abstract, Journal of Glaciology, vol.1, issue.92, pp.289-307, 1980. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0045-7949(78)90113-X
Snow toughness measurements and possible applications to avalanche triggering, Proceedings. Victoria, B.C., B.C. Ministry of Transportation. Snow Avalanche Programs, pp.540-543, 2002. ,
Mechanical and structural properties of weak snow layers measured in situ, Annals of Glaciology, vol.19, pp.1-6, 1998. ,
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2818.1983.tb04254.x
Modelling the change in structure and mechanical properties in drysnow densification to ice. Annals of glaciology 26, pp.45-50, 1998. ,
Le PANDA: Pénétromètre dynamique léger à énergie variable pour la reconnaissance des sols, 1991. ,
Abstract, Journal of Glaciology, vol.14, issue.100, pp.457-473, 1982. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0095-8522(51)90011-6
A Model of Initial Failure in Slab-Avalanche Release, Annals of Glaciology, vol.13, pp.90-95, 1989. ,
DOI : 10.1017/S0260305500007692
Spatial variability of snow stratification in the absence of terrain factors, Proceedings. Victoria, B.C., B.C. Ministry of Transportation. Snow Avalanche Programs, pp.366-373, 2002. ,
Self-organized criticality in earth systems, 2002. ,
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-662-04390-5
Modelization of fracture in disordered systems. Statistical models for the fracture of disordered media, pp.159-188, 1990. ,
Abstract, Journal of Glaciology, vol.32, issue.122, pp.102-106, 1990. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0165-232X(82)90040-4
A fracture-arrest model for unconfined dry slab avalanches, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol.29, issue.1, pp.61-66, 1992. ,
DOI : 10.1139/t92-007
Fracture toughness of snow in tension, Philosophical Magazine A, vol.48, issue.5, pp.1265-1272, 2000. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0956-7151(94)00421-8
Snow as a foam of ice: Plasticity, fracture and the brittle-to-ductile transition, Philosophical Magazine A, vol.48, issue.9, pp.2161-2181, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1080/01418610008212053
Fracture toughness of snow in shear and tension, Scripta Materialia, vol.46, issue.6, pp.425-429, 2002. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S1359-6462(02)00007-6
The Relationship between the Visco-Elastic and Structural Properties of Fine-Grained Snow, Journal of Glaciology, vol.14, issue.72, pp.479-500, 1975. ,
DOI : 10.1007/BF01897837
Stress concentrations in sloping snowpack from geometric imperfections, pp.311-320, 1975. ,
Creep instability of the weak layer and natural slab avalanche triggerings, Cold Regions Science and Technology, vol.33, issue.2-3, pp.141-146, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0165-232X(01)00035-0
A transition in dry-snow slab avalanche triggering modes, Annals of Glaciology, vol.32, issue.1, pp.285-289, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.3189/172756401781818996
How Long Is the Coast of Britain? Statistical Self-Similarity and Fractional Dimension, Science, vol.156, issue.3775, pp.636-638, 1967. ,
DOI : 10.1126/science.156.3775.636
Fracture mechanical models of dry slab avalanche release, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.6, issue.4, pp.10783-10790, 1981. ,
DOI : 10.1029/JB086iB11p10783
A review of basic snow mechanics, pp.251-291, 1975. ,
Abstract, Journal of Glaciology, vol.5, issue.81, pp.15-66, 1977. ,
DOI : 10.1029/JZ066i001p00181
Abstract, Journal of Glaciology, vol.10, issue.94, pp.275-282, 1980. ,
DOI : 10.1017/S0022143000010819
The Growth of Slip Surfaces in the Progressive Failure of Over-Consolidated Clay, Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol.332, issue.1591, pp.527-548, 1973. ,
DOI : 10.1098/rspa.1973.0040
A theory of snow slab failure, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.3, issue.54, pp.7619-7627, 1970. ,
DOI : 10.1029/JC075i036p07619
On the rheological behavior of snow under high stresses. Contributions from the Institute of Low Temperature Science, pp.1-43, 1971. ,
Mechanical properties of snow. Reviews of geophysics and space physics, pp.1-19, 1982. ,
Contribution on the role of deficit zones or imperfections in dry snow slab avalanche release, Proceeding ISSW, 1998. ,
Review of dry snow slab avalanche release. Cold Regions Science and Technology, pp.43-57, 1999. ,
On the fracture toughness of snow, Annals of Glaciology, vol.38, issue.1, 2003. ,
DOI : 10.3189/172756404781814906
Snow mechanics: a review of the state of knowledge and applications, 1997. ,
Abstract, Journal of Glaciology, vol.21, issue.54, pp.451-462, 1969. ,
DOI : 10.1063/1.1735224
A Weibull prediction of the tensile strength-volume relationship of snow, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.9, issue.23, pp.3353-3356, 1974. ,
DOI : 10.1029/JB079i023p03353
Abstract, Journal of Glaciology, vol.22, issue.94, pp.217-223, 1980. ,
DOI : 10.1139/t77-021
A review of snow acoustics. Review of Geophysics and Space Physics, pp.62-66, 1982. ,
Snow Avalanches and Acoustic Emissions, Annals of Glaciology, vol.24, pp.271-276, 1983. ,
DOI : 10.1029/JB075i026p04997
Abstract, Journal of Glaciology, vol.3, issue.81, pp.411-417, 1977. ,
DOI : 10.1029/JB075i008p01351
1997 Fractals and Chaos in Geology and Geophysics ,
DOI : 10.1017/cbo9781139174695
URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.230.7967
Modélisation de la rupture d'une plaque de neige et mode de fonctionnement d'une couche fragile. Thèse, 2001. ,
A statistical theory of strength of materials, Ingeniorsvetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, p.151, 1939. ,
Elastic properties of fractals and dynamics of brittle fracture solids, Sov. Phys. Solid State, vol.34, issue.4, pp.658-665, 1992. ,
Fractal fracture mechanics???A review, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, vol.51, issue.6, pp.997-1033, 1995. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0013-7944(94)00323-A
The Phenomena of Rupture and Flow in Solids, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol.221, issue.582-593, pp.163-198, 1920. ,
DOI : 10.1098/rsta.1921.0006
Analysis of stresses and strains near the end of a crack traversing a plate, Trans. ASME, Journal of Applied Mechanics, vol.24, pp.361-364, 1957. ,
Physics of toughness, Phys. Stat. Sol, vol.131, pp.1-9, 1992. ,
Engineering fracture mechanics, 1996. ,
The stress analysis of cracks Handbook, 1973. ,
Bearing pressures and cracks, Journal of Applied Mechanics, vol.6, pp.49-53, 1939. ,
Quantitative seismology, 1980. ,
noise, Physical Review Letters, vol.59, issue.4, pp.381-384, 1987. ,
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.59.381
Self-organized criticality, Physical Review A, vol.38, issue.1, pp.364-374, 1988. ,
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.38.364
A forest-fire model and some thoughts on turbulence, Physics Letters A, vol.147, issue.5-6, pp.297-300, 1990. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0375-9601(90)90451-S
The theory of critical phenomena. An introduction to the renormalization group, 1992. ,
Abstract, Journal of Glaciology, vol.19, issue.137, pp.41-335, 1995. ,
DOI : 10.2307/1551176
Scaling of fracture systems in geological media, Reviews of Geophysics, vol.91, issue.11, pp.347-383, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1029/1999RG000074
Percolation processes I. crystals and mazes, Proceeding of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, pp.629-641, 1957. ,
Model and theoretical seismicity, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, vol.57, pp.341-371, 1967. ,
values and nontrivial temporal correlations in a Spring-Block Model for earthquakes, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.65, issue.B6, pp.8729-8735, 1992. ,
DOI : 10.1029/92JB00427
Scaling, phase transitions, and nonuniversality in a self-organized critical cellular-automaton model, Physical Review A, vol.46, issue.4, pp.1829-1838, 1992. ,
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.46.1829
Percolation theory, equilibrium and non-equilibrium statistical mechanics . Lecture note, 2001. ,
Comment on ???Self-Organized Criticality in the Olami-Feder-Christensen Model???, Physical Review Letters, vol.87, issue.3, pp.39-081, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.039801
The Statistical Theory of the Strength of Bundles of Threads. I, Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol.183, issue.995, pp.405-435, 1945. ,
DOI : 10.1098/rspa.1945.0011
Scaling laws in fracture, Physical Review B, vol.40, issue.1, pp.877-880, 1989. ,
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.40.877
Scale invariance of snow triggering mechanisms, Proceedings. Victoria, B.C., B.C. Ministry of Transportation. Snow Avalanche Programs, pp.528-531, 2002. ,
What is complexity ? Complexity 1, p.1, 1995. ,
A Model of Initial Failure in Slab-Avalanche Release, Annals of Glaciology, vol.13, pp.90-95, 1989. ,
DOI : 10.1017/S0260305500007692
Power-law correlations of landslide areas in central Italy, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.195, issue.3-4, pp.169-183, 2002. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00589-1
Burst avalanches in bundles of fibers: Local versus global load-sharing, Physics Letters A, vol.184, issue.6, pp.394-396, 1994. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0375-9601(94)90511-8
The Distribution of Simultaneous Fiber Failures in Fiber Bundles, Journal of Applied Mechanics, vol.59, issue.4, pp.909-914, 1992. ,
DOI : 10.1115/1.2894060
Self-organized criticality in a landslide model, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.1, issue.4, pp.801-804, 1998. ,
DOI : 10.1029/98GL50419
Self-organized criticality in earth systems, 2002. ,
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-662-04390-5
Sediment flux from a mountain belt derived by landslide mapping, Geology, vol.25, issue.3, pp.231-234, 1997. ,
DOI : 10.1130/0091-7613(1997)025<0231:SFFAMB>2.3.CO;2
Scaling and universality in avalanches, Physical Review A, vol.39, issue.12, pp.6524-6537, 1989. ,
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.39.6524
Sandpile model on the Sierpinski gasket fractal, Physical Review E, vol.54, issue.1, pp.272-277, 1996. ,
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.54.272
Pertinence du formalisme des transition de phase pour aborder la mécanique des objets géologiques, Thèse. UJF-Grenoble 1, 2000. ,
Possible deviations from Griffith???s criterion in shallow slabs, and consequences on slab avalanche release, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, pp.1-5, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.5194/nhess-2-157-2002
Forest Fires: An Example of Self-Organized Critical Behavior, Science, vol.281, issue.5384, pp.1840-1841, 1998. ,
DOI : 10.1126/science.281.5384.1840
Self-organized criticality applied to natural hazards, Natural Hazards, vol.20, issue.2/3, pp.93-116, 1999. ,
DOI : 10.1023/A:1008014000515
Failure of hierarchical distibution of fiber bundles, International Journal of Fracture, vol.50, pp.1-14, 1991. ,
Les arbres de l'évolution. Univers, vie, sociétés, 2000. ,
Self-organized criticality in a continuous, nonconservative cellular automaton modeling earthquakes, Physical Review Letters, vol.68, issue.8, pp.1244-1247, 1992. ,
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.1244
Scale-invariance of soil moisture variability and its implications for the frequency-size distribution of landslides, Engineering Geology, vol.48, issue.3-4, pp.255-268, 1997. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0013-7952(97)00041-0
Evidence of chaos in slab avalanches, Proceedings . Victoria, B.C., B.C. Ministry of Transportation. Snow Avalanche Programs, pp.13-18, 2002. ,
Scaling with respect to disorder in time-to-failure, The European Physical Journal B, vol.1, issue.3, pp.353-357, 1998. ,
DOI : 10.1007/s100510050194
Critical Phenomena in Natural Science ? Chaos, Fractals, Self-organization and Disorder: Concept and Tools, 2000. ,
Introduction to percolation theory, 1994. ,
1997 Fractals and Chaos in Geology and Geophysics ,
How self-organized criticality works: A unified mean-field picture, Physical Review E, vol.57, issue.6, pp.6345-6362, 1998. ,
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.57.6345
Les phénomène de physique et les échelles de longueur, dans L'ordre du chaos, Pour la science, 1992. ,
First-Order Transition in the Breakdown of Disordered Media, Physical Review Letters, vol.78, issue.8, pp.1408-1411, 1997. ,
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.1408
Analysis of damage clusters in fracture processes, Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, vol.270, issue.1-2, pp.57-62, 1999. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-4371(99)00125-9
155 Modélisation éléments distincts, p.99 ,
115 rupture, p.151 ,