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C. Rollyson, L. Paddock, and S. Sontag, The Making of an Icon 51 Bloom, Prodigal Sons, op. cit., 277. 52 Sontag avait cependant prévu de faire publier l'essai dans un magazine grand public, Show, avant de se tourner vers Partisan Review The Making of an Icon, Rollyson et Paddock, vol.67, issue.84, 2000.

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. Considéré-objectivement and . Le-camp-tel-que-le-décrit, Sontag n'est qu'un mode de consommation culturel, ironique et marginal, issu, comme elle le souligne, du milieu homosexuel. 57 Ce type de description du mode de consommation d'un groupe social 55 SontagSartre's Saint Genet, p.93

M. Mccarthy-l-'emploie-ainsi-dès, Notes on Camp" dans sa critique enthousiaste du Pale Fire de Vladimir Nabokov pour The New Republic Le mot, utilisé dans un sens péjoratif, n'y est accompagné d'aucune explicationA Bolt From the Blue" dans Vladimir Nabokov, Pale Fire (Londres : Penguin, 1991), xvi. It is in part due to the newness of cinema as an art. It also owes to the happy accident that films for such a long time were just movies; in other words that they were understood to be part of mass, as opposed to high, culture, and were left alone by most people with minds, p.68, 1962.

L. Sontag, elle propose est un argument classique : les arts populaires comme culture vivante (que l'on pense aux "sept arts vivants" de l'ouvrage de Gilbert Seldes), par opposition à la raideur d'une culture noble contrainte au sérieux. Il s'agit là de l'expression la plus nette de l'aversion de Sontag pour les théories de la culture de masse. L'ironie cruelle sur laquelle s'achève cette réflexion, lorsque Sontag moque ces "gens dotés d'un cerveau", que leur intellectualisme 65 "It is still assumed that a work of art is its contentAgainst Interpretation

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G. P. Elliot, 203) constituent toutefois une notable exception, dans lesquelles se réalise le projet d'analyse formelle de la culture populaire. 9 Auteur notamment de The American Character Brogan avait popularisé les théories de la culture de masse dans les années cinquante, dans des revues comme le Saturday Review. Ses textes sont proches de ceux de Macdonald, qu'il a visiblement lu, et à qui il emprunte par exemple l'idée d'une "loi de Gresham culturel". Voir par exemple: Denis BroganTaste and the Common Man, McLuhan: Double Agent Pour une analyse des différences entre ses théories et celles de Macdonald, voir sa critique de "A Theory of Mass CultureThe Problem of High Culture and Mass Culture Literary Taste, Culture and Mass Communication. Volume 1 ? Culture and Mass Culture, pp.87-9691, 1944.

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. H. Qui-leur and . Gans, Mass Culture, publie ainsi en 1974 un ouvrage consacré quasi-exclusivement à une remise en cause de la forme canonique de ces théories (Macdonald, Van den Haag, Lowenthal), et conclut à l'existence de niveaux esthétiques (taste levels) reprenant peu ou prou l'analyse de Shils dans "Society and Culture", quinze ans auparavant. Fraîchement accueilli par la critique, l'ouvrages n'en intègrera pas moins les bibliographies de la grande majorité des études consacrées sujet, et connaîtra une nouvelle édition en, 1999.

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