A. Aamodt and E. Et-plaza, Case-Based Reasoning: foundational issues, methodological variations, and system approaches, AI Commun, vol.7, pp.1-39, 1994.

M. S. Ackerman and C. A. Et-halverson, Reexamining organizational memory, Communications of the ACM, vol.43, issue.1, pp.1-58, 2000.
DOI : 10.1145/323830.323845

M. S. Ackerman and C. A. Et-halverson, Organizational Memory as Objects, Processes, and Trajectories: An Examination of Organizational Memory in Use, Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW), vol.19, issue.1, pp.2-155, 2004.
DOI : 10.1023/B:COSU.0000045805.77534.2a

. Afnor, NF EN ISO 9000 Systèmes de management de la qualité -Principes essentiels et vocabulaire, 2000.

A. Agostini, G. De-michelis, M. Et-susani, and R. Kuntz, From user participation to user seduction in the design of innovative user centred systems Designing Cooperative Systems, Editeurs), pp.225-240, 2000.

H. J. Ahn, H. J. Lee, K. Cho, and S. J. Et-park, Utilizing knowledge context in virtual collaborative work, Decision Support Systems, vol.39, issue.4, pp.4-563, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.dss.2004.03.005

N. Aifaoui, D. Deneux, and R. Et-soenen, Feature-based Interoperability between Design and Analysis Processes, Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, vol.33, issue.2, pp.13-27, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s10845-005-5510-4

M. Alavi and D. E. Et-leidner, Review: Knowledge Management and Knowledge Management Systems: Conceptual Foundations and Research Issues, MIS Quarterly, vol.25, issue.1, pp.1-107, 2001.
DOI : 10.2307/3250961

H. Ammar, F. Pourroy, and F. Et-villeneuve, Caractérisation d'objets supports au partage de connaissances en simulation numérique, Actes de 9ème Colloque National AIP PRIMECA, pp.5-8, 2005.

K. Andersson, Simulation in product design: An iterative question-answer Driven process, Actes de Design, 2004.

D. Apostolou and G. Et-mentzas, Managing corporate knowledge: a comparative analysis of experiences in consulting firms. Part 2, Knowledge and Process Management, vol.6, issue.4, pp.238-254, 1999.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1441(199912)6:4<238::AID-KPM64>3.0.CO;2-3

Y. Baizet, La Gestion des Connaissances en Conception Application à la simulation numérique chez Renault -DIEC, Thèse de doctorat de l, 2004.

G. Balmisse, Guide des outils du Knowledge Management : Panorama, choix et mise en oeuvre, 2005.

G. A. Beattie, Management of Finite Element Analysis -Guidelines to best practices, NAFEMS, 1995.

I. Becerra-fernandez, Facilitating the online search of experts at NASA using expert seeker people-finder, 2000.

S. Bekhti, DypKM : Un processus dynamique de définition et de réutilisation de mémoires de projets, Thèse de doctorat de l, 2003.

M. Bellaïche, D. L. Et-massot, and P. , Mode d'emploi pour les PME ISO 9001 : Une méthode inédite, 2005.

H. Benbya and N. A. Et-belbaly, Mechanisms for knowledge management systems effectiveness: an exploratory analysis, Knowledge and Process Management, vol.May-June, issue.3, pp.3-203, 2005.
DOI : 10.1002/kpm.231

Y. Benhafid, N. Troussier, N. Boudaoud, and Z. Et-cherfi, M??thode d'aide ?? l'id??alisation de mod??les issus de la CAO pour le calcul de structures, M??canique & Industries, vol.6, issue.3, pp.289-295, 2005.
DOI : 10.1051/meca:2005032

J. Bernard, A Typology of Knowledge Management System Use by Teams, Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'06), 2006.
DOI : 10.1109/HICSS.2006.34

C. Beylier, La qualification des informations comme support de l'ingénierie collaborative et du partage des connaissances en conception : Le cas des PME-PMI, 2004.

C. Beylier, F. Pourroy, and F. Et-villeneuve, Vers un dispositif léger de construction et de validation collaboratives de connaissances métier Actes de Colloque de l'Institut de la Production et des organisations Industrielles IPI, pp.27-29, 2006.

C. Beylier, F. Pourroy, and F. Et-villeneuve, A way to foster knowledge sharing in engineering design SMEs, Actes de International Conference on Integrated Design and Manufacturing in Mechanical Engineering IDMME 06, 2006.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00375281

C. Beylier, F. Pourroy, and F. Et-villeneuve, Implementation of a Light Knowledge Sharing Tool in Engineering Design, Actes de International Conference On Engineering Design, ICED'07, pp.28-31, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00186903

E. Blanco and F. Et-pourroy, Des leviers d'action pour mieux intégrer la simulation au processus de conception, Actes de 17ème Congrès Français de Mécanique, 2005.

L. Blessing and A. Et-chakrabarti, DRM: A Design Research Methodology, Actes de Les Sciences de la Conception, pp.15-16, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-84882-587-1

P. Boart, P. Andersson, and B. Et-elfström, Knowledge enabled pre-processing for structural analysis, Actes de 1st Nordic Conference on Product Lifecycle Management, pp.25-26, 2006.

E. Bou, A. Sauquet, and E. Et-bonet, Exploring the dynamics of knowledge in practice comparing bundles of knowledge of experts and novices, Actes de 5th European conference on Organizational Knowledge, Learning and Competencies, 2004.

J. Boujut and H. Et-tiger, A Socio-Technical Research Method for Analyzing and Instrumenting the Design Activity, J. of Design Research, vol.2, issue.2, p.2, 2002.
DOI : 10.1504/JDR.2002.009821

T. Breitfeld and B. Et-kroplin, An expert system for the verification of finite-element calculations, Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Assessment of Software Tools, 1996.
DOI : 10.1109/AST.1996.506474

P. Brézillon and J. C. Et-pomerol, Is context a kind of collective tacit knowledge, Actes de Workshop on Managing Tacit Knowledge, CSCW 2001, Jacovi M. et Ribak A. (Editeurs), pp.23-29, 2001.

R. C. Broens and M. J. Et-de-vries, Classifying technological knowledge for presentation to mechanical engineering designers, Design Studies, vol.24, issue.5, pp.457-471, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0142-694X(03)00022-X

D. Brown, D. Leal, C. Mcmahon, R. Crossland, and J. Et-devlukia, A Web-enabled virtual repository for supporting distributed automotive component development, Advanced Engineering Informatics, vol.18, issue.3, pp.3-173, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.aei.2004.12.001

J. Browne and J. Et-zhang, Extended and virtual enterprises ??? similarities and differences, International Journal of Agile Management Systems, vol.1, issue.1, pp.30-36, 1999.
DOI : 10.1108/14654659910266691

A. A. Bush and A. Et-tiwana, Designing sticky knowledge networks, Communications of the ACM, vol.48, issue.5, pp.5-66, 2005.
DOI : 10.1145/1060710.1060711

E. Cappe, Mise en oeuvre d'une demarche de gestion des connaissances au sein d'une PME : une réalité éloignée des cas de succès, Actes de Congrès AIMS, pp.6-9, 2005.

J. Caussanel, Contribution à l'étude des Systèmes de Capitalisation des Connaissances : SMOCK, un système dédié aux PME-PMI, Thèse de doctorat de l'université des Sciences d, 2000.

S. Charles, Gestion Intégrée des données CAO et EF ? Contribution à la liaison entre conception mécanique et calcul de structures, Thèse de l'université de Technologie de Troyes, 2005.

B. Choi and H. Et-lee, An empirical investigation of KM styles and their effect on corporate performance, Information & Management, vol.40, issue.5, pp.403-417, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-7206(02)00060-5

F. Dauty and F. Et-larré, La réactivité industrielle : caractéristiques et outils Actes de 3ieme université d'automne du GRECOS "Nouvelles technologies, stratégies des firmes et développement territorial, 2001.

T. H. Davenport and L. Et-prusak, Working knowledge, Ubiquity, vol.2000, issue.August, 1999.
DOI : 10.1145/347634.348775

B. David, De la gestion des connaissances au management global du capital intellectuel, 2005.

F. Del-rey-chamorro, K. Wallace, and R. Et-bracewell, Rationale as a link between information and knowledge, Actes de International Design Conference, 2004.

K. C. Desouza and Y. Et-awazu, Knowledge management at SMEs: five peculiarities, Journal of Knowledge Management, vol.10, issue.1, pp.1-132, 2006.
DOI : 10.1108/13673270610650085

T. Dingsøyr and E. Et-røyrvik, An empirical study of an informal knowledge repository in a medium-sized software consulting company, 25th International Conference on Software Engineering, 2003. Proceedings., 2003.
DOI : 10.1109/ICSE.2003.1201190

B. Donnellan and B. Et-fitzgerald, A knowledge management application to support knowledge sharing in a design engineering community, Actes de Proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Information Systems, Ciborra C. U. et al. (Editeurs), 2003.

P. Dourish and V. Et-bellotti, Awareness and coordination in shared workspaces, Proceedings of the 1992 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work , CSCW '92, 1992.
DOI : 10.1145/143457.143468

C. Eckard, Advantages and disavantadges of FEM analysis in an early state of the design process, Actes de 2nd Worldwide Automotive Conference, MSC.Software Corporation, 2000.

J. L. Ermine, Les processus de la gestion des connaissances, Extraction des Connaissances et Apprentissage, Briand H. et Guillet F. (Editeurs), pp.17-30, 2001.

D. Ettighoffer, L'entreprise virtuelle ou les nouveaux modes de travail, 1992.

B. Eynard, S. Lienard, S. Charles, and A. Et-odinot, Web-based Collaborative Engineering Support System: Applications in Mechanical Design and Structural Analysis, Concurrent Engineering, vol.13, issue.2, pp.2-145, 2005.
DOI : 10.1177/1063293X05053799

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00571180

P. D. Finn and P. Et-cunningham, Physical model generation in PDE analysis using model-based Case-based Reasoning, Actes de QR '94:8th. International Workshop on Qualitative Reasoning about Physical Systems, pp.90-97, 1994.

M. Gardoni, M. Spadoni, and F. Et-vernadat, Harnessing non-structured information and knowledge and Know-How capitalisation in integrated engineering: Case study at Aerospatiale Matra, Concurrent Engineering, vol.8, pp.4-281, 2000.

M. Girod, La mémoire organisationnelle, Revue Française de Gestion, vol.105, pp.30-42, 1995.

G. Goldkuhl and E. Et-braf, Contextual knowledge analysis -Understanding knowledge and its eelations to action and communication, Actes de 2ième European Conference on Knowledge Management, pp.8-9, 2001.

K. Grebici, La maturité de l'information et le processus de conception collaborative, Thèse de doctorat de l'Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, 2007.

I. R. Grosse, J. M. Milton-benoit, and J. C. Et-wileden, Ontologies for supporting engineering analysis models, AI EDAM, vol.11, issue.01, pp.1-1, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/0045-7825(92)90180-R

T. R. Gruber, Toward principles for the design of Ontologies used for knowledge sharing Actes de Formal Ontology in Conceptual Analysis and Knowledge Références Bibliographiques Representation, International Workshop on Formal Ontology, 1993.

M. Grundstein, La capitalisation des connaissances de l'entreprise, système de production de connaissances Actes de Colloque l'Entreprise Apprenante et les Sciences de la Complexité, Mallet J. (Editeur), pp.22-24, 1995.

M. Grundstein, Repérer et mettre en valeur les connaissances cruciales pour l'entreprise, Actes de 10ème Congrès International de l'AFAV, 2000.

M. Grundstein, Management des connaissances et des compétences : vers un modèle de référence (MGKME), Actes de Connaissances et Compétences en Entreprise Industrielle, 2006.

M. Grundstein and C. Et-rosenthal-sabroux, Vers un système d'information source de connaissances Ingénierie des systèmes d'information, Cauvet C. et Rosenthal- Sabroux C, 2001.

J. Hallam, B. Hodges, K. Tabeshfar, and X. Et-velay, The creation of a knowledge sharing culture for effective knowledge management, Actes de International Design Conference, 2002.

C. Halverson, A. Et-ackerman, M. , and S. , Yeah, the rush ain't here yet - take a break : creation and use of an artifact as organizational memory, 36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2003. Proceedings of the, 2003.
DOI : 10.1109/HICSS.2003.1174261

M. T. Hansen, N. Nohria, and T. Et-tierney, What's your strategy for managing knowledge?, Harvard Business Review, vol.77, pp.2-106, 1999.

B. J. Hicks, S. J. Culley, and C. A. Et-mcmahon, A study of issues relating to information management across engineering SMEs, International Journal of Information Management, vol.26, issue.4, pp.4-267, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2006.03.006

N. Hurley, A case based reasoning approach to mesh specification for adaptive finite element analysis, Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, vol.36, issue.4-6, pp.4-6, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-4754(94)90071-X

A. Jaime, From quality management to Knowledge Management in research projects: An approach through the management of contents in bibliographical research, Thèse de doctorat de l'Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, 2005.

M. E. Jennex and L. Et-olfman, Assessing Knowledge Management success, International Journal of Knowledge Management, vol.2, pp.2-33, 2005.
DOI : 10.4018/jkm.2005040104

K. Johansen and M. Et-björkman, Conflicting goals in concurrent engineering: case studies from product introduction within extended enterprises, Actes de 10ieme ISPE International Conference on Concurrent Engineering: Research and Applications, Cha J. e. a. (Editeur), pp.26-30, 2003.

R. Johansen, Groupware: Future directions and wild cards, Journal of Organizational Computing, vol.1, issue.2, pp.2-219, 1991.
DOI : 10.1145/27636.27637

A. A. Joshi, CAE data management using traditional PDM systems Actes de Design Engineering Technical Conferences, ASME, pp.28-30, 2004.

E. Josserand and B. Et-de-saint-leger, Les difficultés pratiques des Communautés de Pratique, Actes de 13e conférence de l'AIMS, pp.2-4, 2004.

P. Julien, Les PME : bilan et perspectives, Economica, vol.352, 1994.

A. Kankanhalli, B. C. Tan, and K. Et-wie, Contributing knowledge to electronic knowledge repositories: An empirical investigation, Mis Quarterly, vol.29, pp.113-143, 2005.

A. Kankanhalli, B. C. Tan, and K. Et-wie, Understanding seeking from electronic knowledge repositories: An empirical study, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, vol.40, issue.11, pp.11-1156, 2005.
DOI : 10.1002/asi.20219

M. P. Kerr, P. E. Waterson, and C. W. Et-clegg, A socio-technical approach to knowledge capture, sharing and reuse in aerospace design, Actes de Design Engineering Technical Conferences, pp.9-11, 2001.

W. R. King and P. V. Et-marks, Motivating knowledge sharing through a knowledge management system, Press, Available Online, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.omega.2005.10.006

O. Klaas and M. S. Et-shepard, Embedding Reliable Numerical Analysis Capabilities into an Enterprise-Wide Information System, Engineering with Computers, vol.17, issue.2, pp.2-151, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/PL00007199

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.25.9995

J. Kraaijenbrink, D. Faran, A. Et-hauptman, . Integration, and E. Jetter, Knowledge Integration by SMEs ??? Framework, Physica-Verlag HD, pp.17-28, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/3-7908-1681-7_2

Z. Krikeb, P. Lafon, and N. Et-troussier, Méthode d'intégration des contraintes du calcul de structure dans le processus de conception de produit mécanique, Actes de 17éme Congrès Français de Mécanique, 2005.

P. Kurowski, When good engineers deliver bad FEA, Machine Design, n°9, pp.61-66, 1995.

M. Labrousse, Proposition d'un modèle conceptuel unifié pour la gestion dynamique des connaissances d'entreprise, Thèse de doctorat de l'Ecole Centrale de Nantes, 2004.

T. Lattanzio, Caractérisation des entreprises organisées en " Gestion Par Affaire, Thèse de l'école Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers, 2006.

P. Lécaille, La trace habilitée Une ethnographie des espaces de conception dans un bureau d 'études de mécanique : l'échange et l'équipement des objets graphonumériques entre outils et acteurs de la conception, Thèse de doctorat de l'Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, 2003.

Y. W. Lee and D. M. Et-strong, Knowing-Why about data processes and data quality, Journal of Management Information Systems, vol.20, pp.3-13, 2003.

D. Leidner, M. Alavi, and T. Et-kayworth, The role of culture in Knowledge Management: A case study of two global firms, International Journal of e- Collaboration, vol.2, pp.1-17, 2006.

P. Leinonen, S. Järvelä, and P. Et-häkkinen, Conceptualizing the Awareness of Collaboration: A Qualitative Study of a Global Virtual Team, Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW), vol.1, issue.1, pp.4-301, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s10606-005-9002-z

B. Leuf and W. Et-cunningham, The Wiki Way, 2001.

R. Lindgren and D. Et-stenmark, Designing competence systems: Towards interestactivated technology, Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems, vol.14, pp.9-35, 2002.

K. Lindsey, Measuring knowledge management effectiveness: A task-contingent organizational capabilities perspective, Actes de 8th Americas Conference on Information Systems, pp.2085-2090, 2002.

B. Longueville, Capitalisation des processus de décision dans les projets d'innovation: Application à l'automobile, Thèse de, 2003.

A. Lowe, C. A. Mcmahon, S. J. Culley, P. Coleman, and M. Et-dotter, A novel approach towards design information management within airbus, Actes de International Conference On Engineering Design ICED'05, pp.15-18, 2005.

R. Maier, State-of-practice of knowledge management systems: results of an empirical study, Upgrade, Knowledge Management and Information Technology, vol.3, pp.1-15, 2002.

M. L. Markus, Toward a theory of knowledge reuse: Types of knowledge reuse situations and factors in reuse success, Journal of Management Information Systems, vol.18, pp.1-57, 2001.

N. Matta, O. Corby, and M. Et-ribière, Méthodes de capitalisation de mémoire de projet, 1999.

N. Matta, B. Eynard, L. Roucoules, and M. Et-lemercier, Continuous capitalization of design knowledge, Actes de European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Workshop on Knowledge Management and Organizational Memories, ECAI'02, 2002.

R. Maus and C. Et-weber, Documentation and enhancement of the Traceability of Finite- Element Analysis, Actes de International Conference On Engineering Design ICED'05, pp.15-18, 2005.

A. Mcmahon, Y. Liu, R. Crossland, D. Brown, D. Leal et al., A best practice advice system to support automotive engineering analysis processes, Engineering with Computers, vol.19, issue.4, pp.4-271, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s00366-003-0267-x

C. Mcmahon, A. Lowe, and S. Et-culley, Knowledge management in engineering design: personalization and codification, Journal of Engineering Design, vol.4, issue.4, pp.307-325, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/b72280

A. Mehta, Sharing Responsibilities Between OEM et Suppliers: Emerging Issues, Actes de 2nd Worldwide Automotive Conference, MSC.Software Corporation, 2000.

G. Mentzas, D. Apostolou, R. Young, and A. Et-abecker, Knowledge networking: a holistic solution for leveraging corporate knowledge, Journal of Knowledge Management, vol.5, issue.1, pp.94-107, 2001.
DOI : 10.1108/13673270110384446

S. Mer, Les mondes et les outils de la conception. Pour une approche socio-technique de la conception du produit, Thèse de doctorat de Génie Industriel de l'Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, 1998.

S. Mer, L'ingénieur-calculs au bureau d'études, Ingénieur au quotidien, Vinck D. (Editeur), 1999.

A. Meroño, C. López, and R. Et-sabater, KM Strategy and instruments alignment: helping SMEs to choose Actes de 5ième conférence Organisational Knowledge, Learning and Capabilites OKLC, 2004.

K. Messeghem, Implications organisationnelles des normes ISO 9000 pour les petites et moyennes entreprises, Finance Contrôle Stratégie, vol.4, pp.183-213, 2001.

A. Mille, From case-based reasoning to traces-based reasoning, Annual Reviews in Control, vol.30, pp.2-223, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.arcontrol.2006.09.003

S. Minneman, The social construction of a technical reality: Empirical studies of group engineering design practice, Thèse de doctorat de l'Université de Stanford, 1991.

G. Mocko, R. J. Malak, J. J. Paredis, and R. Et-peak, A knowledge repository for behavioral models in engineering design Actes de Design Engineering Technical Conferences, ASME, pp.28-30, 2004.

G. Mocko, J. Panchal, M. Fernandez, R. Peak, and F. Et-mistree, Towards Reusable Knowledge-Based Idealizations for Rapid Design and Analysis, 45th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics & Materials Conference, pp.19-22, 2004.
DOI : 10.2514/6.2004-2009

W. Money and A. Et-turner, Assessing Knowledge Management System User Acceptance with the Technology Acceptance Model, International Journal of Knowledge Management, vol.1, issue.1, pp.8-26, 2005.
DOI : 10.4018/jkm.2005010101

A. Neus, P. E. Mit, and R. Et-katz-haas, Managing Information Quality in virtual communities of practice, 2001.

J. A. Ninan and Z. Et-siddique, Finite Element Analysis Template Approach to Support Web Based Customer Centric Design, Volume 4: 24th Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, p.28, 2004.
DOI : 10.1115/DETC2004-57697

I. Nonaka and N. Et-konno, The Concept of ???Ba???: Building a Foundation for Knowledge Creation, California Management Review, vol.3, issue.3, pp.3-40, 1998.
DOI : 10.2307/41165942

I. Nonaka and H. Et-takeushi, The knowledge-creating company: How Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation, Long Range Planning, vol.29, issue.4, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0024-6301(96)81509-3

O. Bara, R. M. Beall, M. W. Et-shephard, and M. S. , Attribute Management System for Engineering Analysis, Engineering with Computers, vol.18, pp.4-339, 2002.

J. Panyasorn, N. Panteli, and P. Powell, Lotus Notes for knowledge management in SMEs: The case of a developing country, Actes de 5th European conference on Organizational Knowledge, Learning and Competencies, 2004.

M. Pinfold, Using knowledge based engineering to automate the post-processing of FEA results, International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology, vol.21, issue.3, pp.99-106, 2004.
DOI : 10.1504/IJCAT.2004.005935

M. Polanyi, The Tacit Dimension, 1966.
DOI : 10.1016/B978-0-7506-9718-7.50010-X

F. Pourroy, E. Blanco, and T. Et-balle, Un exemple de dispositif de gestion des connaissances techniques à l'échelle d'une PME, Actes de Colloque IPI, pp.22-23, 2004.

J. Y. Prax, Le guide du Knowledge Management : concepts et pratiques du management de la connaissance, 2000.

G. Prudhomme, J. F. Boujut, P. Et-franck, and R. Teulier, Activité de conception et instrumentation de la dynamique des connaissances locales, Presses Universitaires de Grenoble, pp.41-61, 2001.

G. Prudhomme, D. Brissaud, and D. Et-choulier, Clustering engineering design research: A methodological framework, Actes de International Conference on Engineering design ICED'05, pp.15-18, 2005.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00368953

F. Rieg and F. Et-koch, Support to designers using FEA, Actes de International Design Conference, 2004.

H. Scarborough, J. Swan, and J. Et-preston, Knowledge Management: A literature review, 1999.

D. A. Schön, The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action, The Journal of Continuing Higher Education, vol.34, issue.3, 1983.
DOI : 10.1080/07377366.1986.10401080

U. Sellgren, Question-driven modeling Actes de International Design Conference, pp.18-21, 2004.

. Sessi, Les normes ISO 9000 et le partenariat industriel, Le 4 pages des statistiques industrielles, p.88, 1998.

. Sessi, La qualité : une démarche pour répondre aux attentes du client, 2000.

S. Shanbhag, I. R. Grosse, J. C. Wileden, and A. Et-kaplan, A meta-object based approach to Finite-Element modeling Actes de Design Engineering Technical Conferences, pp.9-11, 2001.

M. S. Shephard, Meshing environment for geometry-based analysis, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, vol.47, pp.1-3, 2000.

M. S. Shephard, M. W. Beall, R. M. O-'bara, and B. E. Webster, Toward simulationbased design, Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, vol.40, pp.12-1575, 2004.

V. Songis, Instrumentation de la coordination dans les activités de conception : le cas de l'intégration de la simulation dans le Processus de Création de l'Offre de Schneider Electric, 2003.

J. Sparrow, Knowledge management in small firms, Knowledge and Process Management, pp.1-3, 2001.
DOI : 10.1002/kpm.92

S. L. Star and J. R. Et-griesemer, Institutional Ecology, `Translations' and Boundary Objects: Amateurs and Professionals in Berkeley's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 1907-39, Social Studies of Science, vol.19, issue.3, pp.3-387, 1989.
DOI : 10.1177/030631289019003001

B. Steinheider and S. Et-al-hawamdeh, Team Coordination, Communication and Knowledge Sharing in SMEs and Large Organisations, Journal of Information & Knowledge Management, vol.03, issue.03, pp.3-223, 2004.
DOI : 10.1142/S0219649204000845

D. Stenmark and R. Et-lindgren, Integrating Knowledge Management Systems with everyday work, Actes de 37th Hawaii International Conference On System Sciences, 2004.
DOI : 10.1109/hicss.2004.1265590

M. Storga, Traceability in product development Actes de International Design Conference, pp.18-21, 2004.

B. Stvilia, M. B. Twidale, L. C. Smith, and L. Et-gasser, Assessing information quality of a community based encyclopedia, Actes de International Conference on Information Quality -ICIQ 2005, pp.442-454, 2005.

R. Sudarsan, S. J. Fenves, R. D. Sriram, and F. Et-wang, A product information modeling framework for product lifecycle management, Computer-Aided Design, vol.37, issue.13, pp.13-1399, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cad.2005.02.010

Q. Sun and K. Et-gramoll, Internet-based distributed collaborative engineering analysis, Concurrent Engineering, vol.10, pp.4-341, 2002.
DOI : 10.1177/106329302129140232

K. E. Sveiby, The new organizational wealth: Managing and measuring Knowledge- Based Assets, 1997.

B. A. Szabo, The problem of model selection in numerical simulation, Actes de 3ieme international conference of computational structures technology, Topping B. H. V. (Editeur), 1996.

S. Szykman, R. D. Sriram, C. Bochenek, J. W. Racz, and J. Et-senfaute, Design repositories: engineering design's new knowledge base, IEEE Intelligent Systems, vol.15, issue.3, pp.3-48, 2000.
DOI : 10.1109/5254.846285

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.543.2510

C. A. Tacla, De l'utilité des systèmes multi-agents pour l'acquisition des connaissances au fil de l'eau, 2003.

C. Terwiesch, C. H. Loch, and A. Et-de-meyer, Exchanging Preliminary Information in Concurrent Engineering: Alternative Coordination Strategies, Organization Science, vol.13, issue.4, pp.4-402, 2002.
DOI : 10.1287/orsc.13.4.402.2948

K. D. Thoben, F. Weber, and M. Et-wunram, Pragmatic approaches for knowledge management -motivation from cases, Actes de 6th International Conference on Concurrent Enterprising, pp.28-30, 2000.

A. Tiwana, The knowledge management toolkit: orchestrating IT, Strategy, and knowledge platforms, 2002.

A. Tiwana and A. A. Et-bush, Continuance in Expertise-Sharing Networks: A Social Perspective, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, vol.52, issue.1, pp.1-85, 2005.
DOI : 10.1109/TEM.2004.839956

O. Torres, PME, de nouvelles approches, Economica, vol.187, 1998.

P. A. Tourtier, Analyse préliminaire des métiers et de leurs interactions, 1995.

N. Troussier, Contribution à l'intégration du calcul mécanique dans la conception de produits techniques : proposition méthodologique pour l'utilisation et la réutilisation, Thèse de doctorat de Mécanique de l'Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble. Références Bibliographiques, 1999.

S. Tsuchiya, Commensurability, a key concept of business reengineering Actes de 3rd international symposium of the management of information and corporate knowledge, 1995.

N. Udoyen and D. W. Et-rosen, Description logic representation of Finite Element Analysis models for automated retrieval, Actes de Proceedings of International Design Engineering Technical Conferences, pp.10-13, 2006.

J. Vertommen, J. D-'hondt, and J. Et-duflou, Facilitating product development with the help of Knowledge Management: the McKnow Platform Actes de 17ieme Cirp design seminar, Mars, pp.26-28, 2007.

B. Weil, Conception collective, coordination et savoirs -les rationalisations de la conception automobile, Thèse de, 1999.

E. Wenger, Communities of Practice, Learning, Meaning, and Identity, vol.336, 1998.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511803932

E. Wenger, M. Richard, and W. M. Et-snyder, Cultivating Communities of Practice: A Guide to Managing Knowledge, 2002.

A. Wexelblat, History-rich tools for social navigation Actes de CHI 98 conference summary on Human factors in computing systems, 1998.

T. D. Wilson, The nonsense of 'knowledge management, Information Research, vol.8, p.1, 2002.

. Xansys, Forum sur le logiciel de calcul Ansys Voir sur www.xansys.org (dernier accès Mars, 2007.

A. Xiao, K. Bryden, and M. D. Et-mccorkle, VE-Suite: A Software Framework for Design-Analysis Integration During Product Realization, Volume 3: 25th Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, Parts A and B, pp.24-28, 2005.
DOI : 10.1115/DETC2005-85569

M. H. Zack, Managing Codified Knowledge, Sloan Management Review, vol.40, issue.4, pp.45-57, 1999.

Z. Zadrahal, P. Mulholland, M. Valasek, P. Sainter, M. Koss et al., A Toolkit and Methodology to Support the Collaborative Development and Reuse of Engineering Models, Actes de DEXA : 14th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-45227-0_83

S. Zhou, A. Zhao, K. Chin, and S. P. Et-yarlagadda, A Remote Platform for Product Performance Evaluation in Product Development Process, Volume 1: 23rd Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, Parts A and B, pp.3-2003, 2003.
DOI : 10.1115/DETC2003/CIE-48283