N. Delaubert, C. C. Treps, P. K. Harb, and H. Lam, Bachor e-print arxiv

P. Török and F. Kao, Optical Imaging and Microscopy, 2003.

M. I. Kolobov and P. Kumar, Sub-shot-noise microscopy: imaging of faint phase objects with squeezed light, Optics Letters, vol.18, issue.11, pp.849-851, 1993.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.18.000849

I. V. Sokolov, Imaging of faint phase objects at the Heisenberg limit with quadrature-squeezed light, Journal of Optics B: Quantum and Semiclassical Optics, vol.2, issue.2, pp.179-183, 2000.
DOI : 10.1088/1464-4266/2/2/320

A. F. Abouraddy, B. E. Saleh, A. V. Sergienko, and M. C. Teich, Role of Entanglement in Two-Photon Imaging, Physical Review Letters, vol.87, issue.12, p.123602, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.123602

T. B. Pittman, Y. H. Shih, D. V. Strekalov, and A. V. Sergienko, Optical imaging by means of two-photon quantum entanglement, Physical Review A, vol.52, issue.5, pp.3429-3432, 1995.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.52.R3429

R. S. Bennick, S. J. Bentley, and R. W. Boyd, Quantum and Classical Coincidence Imaging, Physical Review Letters, vol.92, issue.3, p.33601, 2004.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.033601

R. S. Bennink, S. J. Bentley, and R. W. Boyd, ???Two-Photon??? Coincidence Imaging with a Classical Source, Physical Review Letters, vol.89, issue.11, p.113601, 2002.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.113601

A. Gatti, E. Brambilla, M. Bache, and L. A. Lugiato, Ghost Imaging with Thermal Light: Comparing Entanglement and ClassicalCorrelation, Physical Review Letters, vol.93, issue.9, p.93602, 2004.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.093602

A. Gatti, E. Brambilla, and L. A. Lugiato, Entangled Imaging and Wave-Particle Duality: From the Microscopic to the Macroscopic Realm, Physical Review Letters, vol.90, issue.13, p.133603, 2003.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.133603

M. I. Kolobov, The spatial behavior of nonclassical light, Reviews of Modern Physics, vol.71, issue.5, pp.1539-1589, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/RevModPhys.71.1539

L. A. Lugiato, A. Gatti, and E. Brambilla, Quantum imaging, Journal of Optics B: Quantum and Semiclassical Optics, vol.4, issue.3, pp.176-183, 2002.
DOI : 10.1088/1464-4266/4/3/372

R. M. Simmons, J. T. Finer, S. Chu, and J. A. Spudich, Quantitative measurements of force and displacement using an optical trap, Biophysical Journal, vol.70, issue.4, pp.1813-1822, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-3495(96)79746-1

F. Gittes and C. F. Schmidt, Interference model for back-focal-plane displacement detection in optical tweezers, Optics Letters, vol.23, issue.1, pp.7-9, 1998.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.23.000007

W. Denk and W. W. Webb, Optical measurement of picometer displacements of transparent microscopic objects, Applied Optics, vol.29, issue.16, pp.2382-2391, 1990.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.29.002382

M. T. Hsu, V. Delaubert, P. K. Lam, and W. P. Bowen, Optimal optical measurement of small displacements, Journal of Optics B: Quantum and Semiclassical Optics, vol.6, issue.12, pp.495-501, 2004.
DOI : 10.1088/1464-4266/6/12/003

N. Treps, N. Grosse, W. P. Bowen, C. Fabre, H. Bachor et al., A Quantum Laser Pointer, Science, vol.301, issue.5635, pp.940-943, 2003.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1086489

N. Treps, N. Grosse, W. P. Bowen, M. T. Hsu, A. Maître et al., Nano-displacement measurements using spatially multimode squeezed light, Journal of Optics B: Quantum and Semiclassical Optics, vol.6, issue.8, pp.664-674, 2004.
DOI : 10.1088/1464-4266/6/8/007
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00004930

E. W. Williams, The CD-ROM and Optical Disc Recording Systems, 1996.

K. Mckenzie, N. Grosse, W. P. Bowen, S. E. Whitcomb, M. B. Gray et al., Squeezing in the Audio Gravitational-Wave Detection Band, Physical Review Letters, vol.93, issue.16, p.161105, 2004.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.161105

J. Laurat, T. Coudreau, G. Keller, N. Treps, and C. Fabre, Compact source of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entanglement and squeezing at very low noise frequencies, Physical Review A, vol.70, issue.4, p.42315, 2004.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.70.042315

V. Delaubert, N. Treps, G. Bo, and C. Fabre, Optical storage of high-density information beyond the diffraction limit: A quantum study, Physical Review A, vol.73, issue.1, p.13820, 2006.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.73.013820
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00016079

L. Lopez, S. Gigan, N. Treps, A. Maître, C. Fabre et al., Multimode squeezing properties of a confocal optical parametric oscillator: Beyond the thin-crystal approximation, Physical Review A, vol.72, issue.1, p.13806, 2005.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.72.013806

]. D. Anderson84 and . Anderson, Alignment of resonant optical cavities, Applied Optics, vol.23, issue.17, pp.2944-75, 1984.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.23.002944

]. J. Arlt98, K. Arlt, L. Dholakia, M. J. Allen, and . Padgett, The production of multiringed Laguerre???Gaussian modes by computer-generated holograms, Journal of Modern Optics, vol.45, issue.6, pp.1231-113, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.56.4193

]. I. Basistiy93, V. Y. Basistiy, M. S. Bazhenov, M. V. Soskin, and . Vasnetsov, Optics of light beams with screw dislocations, Optics Communications, vol.103, issue.5-6, pp.422-84, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0030-4018(93)90168-5

]. H. Bachor03, T. C. Bachor, and . Ralph, A guide to experiments in quantum optics, pp.89-134, 2003.
DOI : 10.1002/9783527619238

]. M. Bandres04, J. C. Bandres, . Guti}errez, and . Vega, Ince???Gaussian modes of the paraxial wave equation and stable resonators, Journal of the Optical Society of America A, vol.21, issue.5, p.10, 2004.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSAA.21.000873

]. S. Barnett06, R. Barnett, and . Zambrini, Resolution in rotation measurements, Journal of Modern Optics, vol.50, issue.5-6, pp.613-83, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/0030-4018(91)90534-K

P. Woerdman, Helical-wavefront laser beams produced with a spiral phaseplate, Opt. Commun, vol.112, issue.321, p.84, 1994.

M. Bertero and P. Boccacci, Introduction to inverse problems in imaging, p.50, 1998.
DOI : 10.1887/0750304359

]. A. Bertolini06, R. Bertolini, F. Desalvo, M. Fidecaro, and . Francesconi, Mechanical design of a single-axis monolithic accelerometer for advanced seismic attenuation systems, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in, Physics Research A, p.5, 2006.

]. B. Blinov04, D. L. Blinov, L. M. Moehring, C. Duan, and . Monroe, Observation of entanglement between a single trapped atom and a single photon, Nature, vol.428, issue.6979, pp.153-175, 2004.
DOI : 10.1038/nature02377

]. C. Boccara80, D. Boccara, J. Fournier, and . Badoz, Thermo???optical spectroscopy: Detection by the ??????mirage effect??????, Applied Physics Letters, vol.36, issue.2, p.130, 1980.
DOI : 10.1063/1.91395

]. D. Borah06, D. G. Borah, and . Voelz, Cramer-Rao lower bounds on estimation of laser system pointing parameters by use of the return photon signal, Principles of Optics: Electromagnetic Theory of Propagation, Interference and Diffraction of Light, pp.1029-151, 1997.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.31.001029

]. W. Bowen02, N. Bowen, R. Treps, P. K. Schnabel, and . Lam, Experimental Demonstration of Continuous Variable Polarization Entanglement, Physical Review Letters, vol.89, issue.25, pp.253601-165, 2002.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.253601

]. W. Bowen03, R. Bowen, P. K. Schnabel, T. C. Lam, and . Ralph, Experimental Investigation of Criteria for Continuous Variable Entanglement, Physical Review Letters, vol.90, issue.4, pp.43601-165, 2003.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.043601

]. W. Bowenphd03 and . Bowen, Experiments towards a Quantum Information Network with Squeezed Light and Entanglement Parametric interaction of focused Gaussian beams, J. Appl. Phys, vol.22, issue.188, pp.170-3597, 1968.

. Mcclelland, Suppression of classic and quantum radiation pressure noise by electro-optic feedback, Opt. Lett, vol.24, issue.259, p.19, 1999.

]. B. Buchlerphd01 and . Buchler, Electro-optic Control of Quantum Measurements, 2001.

]. C. Caves94, P. D. Caves, and . Drummond, Quantum limits on bosonic communication rates, Reviews of Modern Physics, vol.66, issue.2, pp.481-149, 1994.
DOI : 10.1103/RevModPhys.66.481

]. C. Cohen87, J. Cohen-tannoudji, G. Dupont-roc, and . Grynberg, Photons et atomes : IntroductionàIntroductionà l'optique quantique, Inter Editions/ Editions du CNRS, p.7, 1987.

C. Cw, Pump Lasers -High-Power (up to 18W), CW, Single-Frequency (532 nm) laser -Coherent Inc. Quoted p, p.121

]. S. Curilef05, F. Curilef, A. Pennini, and . Plastino, Fisher information, Wehrl entropy, and Landau diamagnetism, Wehrl entropy, and Landau diamagnetism, pp.24420-89, 2005.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.024420

]. K. Dechoum04, P. D. Dechoum, S. Drummond, M. D. Chaturvedi, and . Reid, Critical fluctuations and entanglement in the nondegenerate parametric oscillator, Physical Review A, vol.70, issue.5, pp.53807-53847, 2004.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.70.053807

]. V. Delaubert02, D. A. Delaubert, P. K. Shaddock, B. C. Lam, H. Buchler et al., Generation of a phase-flipped Gaussian mode for optical measurements, Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics, vol.4, issue.4, pp.47-115, 2002.
DOI : 10.1088/1464-4258/4/4/305

]. V. Delaubert, N. Treps, C. C. Harb, P. K. Lam, and H. Bachor, Quantum measurements of spatial conjugate variables: displacement and tilt of a Gaussian beam, Optics Letters, vol.31, issue.10, p.1537, 2006.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.31.001537
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00016078

]. V. Delaubert, N. Treps, G. Bo, and C. Fabre, Optical storage of high-density information beyond the diffraction limit: A quantum study, Physical Review A, vol.73, issue.1, pp.13820-56, 2006.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.73.013820
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00016079

H. Lam and . Bachor, TEM 10 homodyne detection as an optimal small displacement and tilt measurements scheme, Phys. Rev. A, vol.74, pp.53823-151, 2006.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00087009

]. V. Delaubert, N. Treps, C. Fabre, H. A. Bachor, and P. Réfrégier, Quantum limits in image processing, quant-ph, p.609188, 2006.

. Harb, Selective conversion of higher order spatial modes via second harmonic generation, submitted to Nature Photonics, p.133

]. W. Denk90, W. W. Denk, and . Webb, Optical measurement of picometer displacements of transparent microscopic objects, Applied Optics, vol.29, issue.16, pp.2382-151, 1990.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.29.002382

]. R. Drever83, J. L. Drever, F. V. Hall, J. Kowalski, G. M. Hough et al., Laser phase and frequency stabilization using an optical resonator, Applied Physics B Photophysics and Laser Chemistry, vol.17, issue.2, pp.97-140, 1983.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00702605

]. Duan, G. Giedke, J. I. Cirac, and P. Zoller, Inseparability Criterion for Continuous Variable Systems, Physical Review Letters, vol.84, issue.12, pp.2722-2746, 2000.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.2722

]. Duan, J. I. Cirac, P. Zoller, and E. S. Polzik, Quantum Communication between Atomic Ensembles Using Coherent Light, Physical Review Letters, vol.85, issue.26, pp.5643-5665, 2000.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.5643

]. A. Einstein35, B. Einstein, N. Podolsky, and . Rosen, Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete?, Physical Review, vol.47, issue.10, p.164, 1935.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRev.47.777

]. J. Eisert04, M. B. Eisert, S. Plenio, J. Bose, and . Hartley, Towards Quantum Entanglement in Nanoelectromechanical Devices, Towards Quantum Entanglement in Nanoelectromechanical Devices, pp.190402-190424, 2004.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.190402

]. C. Fabre85 and . Fabre, Quantum fluctuations, Les Houches LXIII, p.11, 1995.

]. C. Fabre00, J. B. Fabre, A. Fouet, and . Ma??trema??tre, Quantum limits in the measurement of very small displacements in optical images, Optics Letters, vol.25, issue.1, pp.46-151, 2000.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.25.000076

]. P. Franken61, A. E. Franken, C. W. Hill, G. Peters, and . Weinreich, Generation of Optical Harmonics, Physical Review Letters, vol.7, issue.4, p.121, 1961.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.7.118

]. Y. Furukawa01, A. Furukawa, R. Alexandrovski, M. Route, G. Fejer et al., Green-induced infrared absorption in MgO doped LiNbO3, Applied Physics Letters, vol.78, issue.14, pp.1970-147, 2001.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1359137

]. J. Gao98, F. Gao, C. Cui, C. Xue, P. Xie et al., Generation and application of twin beams from an optical parametric oscillator including an ?-cut KTP crystal, Opt. Let, vol.23, issue.870, 1998.

]. A. Gatti03, E. Gatti, L. A. Brambilla, and . Lugiato, Entangled Imaging and Wave-Particle Duality: From the Microscopic to the Macroscopic Realm, Physical Review Letters, vol.90, issue.13, pp.133603-164, 2003.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.133603

]. A. Gatti04, E. Gatti, M. Brambilla, L. A. Bache, and . Lugiato, Correlated imaging, quantum and classical, Physical Review A, vol.70, issue.1, p.13802, 2004.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.70.013802

]. S. Giganphd04 and . Gigan, Amplification paramétrique d'images en cavité : Effets classiques et quantiques, p.110, 2004.

]. S. Gigan05, L. Gigan, N. Lopez, A. Treps, C. Ma??trema??tre et al., Image transmission through a stable paraxial cavity, Image transmission through a stable paraxial cavity, pp.23804-110, 2005.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.72.023804

. Ma??trema??tre, Continuous-wave phase-sensitive parametric image amplification, J. Mod. Opt, vol.53, pp.809-105, 2006.

]. V. Giovannetti03, S. Giovannetti, D. Mancini, P. Vitali, and . Tombesi, Characterizing the entanglement of bipartite quantum systems, Physical Review A, vol.67, issue.2, pp.22320-22344, 2003.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.67.022320

]. R. Glauber65 and . Glauber, Optical coherence and photon statistics in Quantum optics and electronics, p.92, 1965.

]. N. Grosse06, W. P. Grosse, K. Bowen, P. K. Mckenzie, and . Lam, Harmonic Entanglement with Second-Order Nonlinearity, Physical Review Letters, vol.96, issue.6, pp.63601-121, 2006.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.063601

]. H. Grote02, G. Grote, A. Heinze, S. Freise, B. Gossler et al., The automatic alignment system of GEO 600, Classical and Quantum Gravity, vol.19, issue.7, pp.1849-75, 2002.
DOI : 10.1088/0264-9381/19/7/384

]. G. Grynberg97, A. Grynberg, C. Aspect, and . Fabre, Introduction aux lasers etàetà l'optique quantique, cours de l'´ ecole Polytechnique, Ellipses, Displacement and Force Measurements with Quadrant Photodetector in Optical Tweezers, pp.121-950, 1997.

]. S. Haine05, J. J. Haine, and . Hope, Outcoupling from a Bose-Einstein condensate with squeezed light to produce entangled-atom laser beams, Physical Review A, vol.72, issue.3, pp.33601-33623, 2005.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.72.033601

]. L. Heaney06, J. Heaney, V. Anders, and . Vedral, Spatial Entanglement of a Free Bosonic Field,quant-ph/0607069, p.164

T. J. Poizat, . Chang, . Ph, and . Grangier, Spatial quantum noise of semiconductor lasers, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, vol.16, p.2140, 1999.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00558800

]. G. Hetet06, O. Hétet, K. A. Glöckl, C. C. Pilypas, B. C. Harb et al., Squeezed light for bandwidth limited atom optics experiments at the Rubidium D1, preprint : quant- ph, p.132

]. P. Horodecki97 and . Horodecki, Separability criterion and inseparable mixed states with positive partial transposition, Physics Letters A, vol.232, issue.5, p.333, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00416-7

]. J. Howell04, R. S. Howell, S. J. Bennink, R. W. Bentley, and . Boyd, Realization of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox Using Momentum- and Position-Entangled Photons from Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion, Physical Review Letters, vol.92, issue.21, pp.210403-164, 2004.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.210403

. Bowen, Optimum Small Optical Beam Displacement Measurement, J. Opt. B : Qu. Semiclass. Opt, vol.6, issue.495, pp.75-85, 2004.

]. M. Hsu05, W. P. Hsu, N. Bowen, P. K. Treps, . T. Lamhsu06-]-m et al., Continuous- Variable Spatial Entanglement for Bright Optical Beams A quantum study of multi-bit phase coding for optical storage, Phys. Rev. A IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol.72, issue.10, pp.13802-79, 2005.

]. J. Jing06, S. Jing, R. Feng, O. Bloomer, and . Pfister, Experimental continuous-variable entanglement from a phase-difference-locked optical parametric oscillator, quant-ph/0604134, p.165

]. I. Juwiler99, A. Juwiler, A. Arie, G. Skliar, and . Rosenman, Efficient quasi-phase-matched frequency doubling with phase compensation by a wedged crystal in a standing-wave external cavity, Optics Letters, vol.24, issue.17, pp.1236-143, 1999.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.24.001236

]. A. Katsaggelos91 and . Katsaggelos, Digital image restoration, of Springer Series in Information Sciences, pp.44-50, 1991.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-58216-5

]. V. Khokhlov61 and . Khokhlov, Wave propagation in nonlinear dispersive lines, Radiotek . Electron, vol.6, pp.1116-121, 1961.

]. M. Kimble87, L. Xiao, H. J. Wu, and . Kimble, Precision measurement beyond the shot-noise limit, Optics News, vol.13, issue.12, pp.278-89, 1987.
DOI : 10.1364/ON.13.12.000023

]. R. Knobel03, A. N. Knobel, and . Cleland, Nanometre-scale displacement sensing using a single electron transistor, Nature, vol.424, issue.6946, p.291, 2003.
DOI : 10.1038/nature01773

]. H. Kogelnik64 and . Kogelnik, Coupling and conversion coefficients for optical modes, Proceedings of the Symposium on Quasi-Optics, 1964.

]. M. Kolobov95, L. A. Kolobov, and . Lugiato, Noiseless amplification of optical images, Physical Review A, vol.52, issue.6, pp.4930-105, 1995.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.52.4930

]. M. Kolobov06 and . Kolobov, Quantum imaging, p.1, 2007.

]. N. Korolkova02, G. Korolkova, R. Leuchs, T. C. Loudon, C. Ralph et al., Polarization squeezing and continuous-variable polarization entanglement, Physical Review A, vol.65, issue.5, pp.52306-164, 2002.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.65.052306

[. Kuroda, Large-scale Cryogenic Gravitational wave Telescope (LCGT), TEION KOGAKU (Journal of Cryogenics and Superconductivity Society of Japan), vol.46, issue.7, p.5, 1999.
DOI : 10.2221/jcsj.46.385

]. J. Mlynekkurz02, X. Kurz, M. M. Xie, and . Fejer, Odd waveguide mode quasiphase matching with angled and staggered gratings, Mode converters and sorters for quasiphase matching waveguide devices, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, pp.121-1445, 1992.

]. J. Kurz04, J. Kurz, X. Huang, T. Xie, M. M. Saida et al., Mode multiplexing in optical frequency mixers, Optics Letters, vol.29, issue.6, p.551, 2004.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.29.000551

]. P. Lam99, T. Lam, B. Ralph, D. Buchler, H. Mcclelland et al., Optimization and transfer of vacuum squeezing from an optical parametric oscillator, Journal of Optics B: Quantum and Semiclassical Optics, vol.1, issue.4, pp.181-469, 1999.
DOI : 10.1088/1464-4266/1/4/319

]. N. Langford04, R. Langford, M. Dalton, J. Harvey, G. Obrien et al., Measuring Entangled Qutrits and Their Use for Quantum Bit Commitment, Physical Review Letters, vol.93, issue.5, pp.5360-106, 2004.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.053601

]. M. Lassen05, P. Lassen, P. Tidemand-lichtenberg, and . Buchhave, Simultaneous measurement of patterns in the signal and idler near and far fields from a confocal optical parametrical oscillator, Phys. Rev. A, vol.72, issue.1, p.140, 2005.

]. M. Lassen06, V. Lassen, C. C. Delaubert, N. Harb, P. K. Treps et al., Generation of Squeezing in Higher Order Hermite - Gaussian Modes with an Optical Parametric Amplifier, Journal of the European Optical Society: Rapid Publications, vol.1
DOI : 10.2971/jeos.2006.06003

]. M. Lassen07, V. Lassen, J. Delaubert, K. Janousek, H. Wagner et al., Tools for spatial multi-mode quantum information: modulation, detection and quantum correlations, accepted for publication in Phys, Rev. Lett, vol.106, p.134

]. N. Lastzka06, R. Lastzka, and . Schnabel, The Gouy phase shift in nonlinear interactions of waves, preprint : physics/0611257, p.128

J. Laurat, Etats non-classiques et intrication en variables continuesà continuesà l'aide d'un oscillateur paramétrique optique, pp.17-23, 2004.

]. J. Laurat04, T. Laurat, G. Coudreau, N. Keller, C. Treps et al., Compact source of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entanglement and squeezing at very low noise frequencies, Physical Review A, vol.70, issue.4, pp.42315-42337, 2004.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.70.042315

]. J. Laurat05, G. Laurat, J. Keller, C. Oliveira-huguenin, T. Fabre et al., Entanglement of two-mode Gaussian states: characterization and experimental production and manipulation, Journal of Optics B: Quantum and Semiclassical Optics, vol.7, issue.12, pp.577-599, 2005.
DOI : 10.1088/1464-4266/7/12/021

]. J. Laurat06, G. Laurat, C. Keller, T. Fabre, and . Coudreau, Generation of two-color polarization-entangled optical beams with a self-phase-locked two-crystal optical parametric oscillator, Physical Review A, vol.73, issue.1, pp.12333-12355, 2006.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.73.012333

]. L. Lopez05, S. Lopez, N. Gigan, A. Treps, C. Ma??trema??tre et al., Multimode squeezing properties of a confocal optical parametric oscillator: Beyond the thin-crystal approximation, Physical Review A, vol.72, issue.1, pp.13806-138, 2005.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.72.013806

]. R. Loudon00, . T. Loudonlue87-]-j, C. J. Lue, and . Sun, The Quantum Theory of Light Quoted p Limiting factors for parametric generation with focused high-order transverse-and multilongitudinal-mode lasers, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, vol.4, pp.92-1958, 1987.

]. M. Macdonald02, L. Macdonald, K. Paterson, J. Volke-sepulveda, W. Arlt et al., Creation and Manipulation of Three-Dimensional Optically Trapped Structures, Entanglement of the orbital angular momentum states of photons, pp.1101-133, 2001.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1069571

]. L. Mandel95, E. Mandel, and . Wolf, Optical Coherence and Quantum Optics, Science, p.83, 1995.

]. L. Marrucci06, C. Marrucci, D. Manzo, and . Paparo, Optical Spin-to-Orbital Angular Momentum Conversion in Inhomogeneous Anisotropic Media, Physical Review Letters, vol.96, issue.16, pp.163905-83, 2006.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.163905

]. M. Martinelli03, N. Martinelli, S. Treps, S. Ducci, A. Gigan et al., Experimental study of the spatial distribution of quantum correlations in a confocal optical parametric oscillator, Physical Review A, vol.67, issue.2, pp.23808-23845, 2003.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.67.023808

[. Mattle, H. Weinfurter, and P. Kwiat, Dense Coding in Experimental Quantum Communication, Physical Review Letters, vol.76, issue.25, p.4656, 1996.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.76.4656

]. K. Mckenzie02, D. A. Mckenzie, D. E. Shaddock, B. C. Mcclelland, P. K. Buchler et al., Experimental Demonstration of a Squeezing-Enhanced Power-Recycled Michelson Interferometer for Gravitational Wave Detection, Physical Review Letters, vol.88, issue.23, pp.231102-231123, 2002.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.231102

P. Mc-clelland and . Lam, Squeezing in the audio gravitational-wave detection band, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.93, pp.161105-134, 2004.

]. E. Morrison94, B. Morrison, D. Meers, H. Robertson, and . Ward, Automatic alignment of optical interferometers, Applied Optics, vol.33, issue.22, pp.75-81, 1994.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.33.005041

]. P. Navez01, E. Navez, A. Brambilla, L. A. Gatti, and . Lugiato, Spatial entanglement of twin quantum images, Physical Review A, vol.65, issue.1, p.13813, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.65.013813

]. J. Neergaard-nielsen06, B. M. Neergaard-nielsen, C. Nielsen, K. Hettich, E. S. Mølmer et al., Generation of a Superposition of Odd Photon Number States for Quantum Information Networks, Physical Review Letters, vol.97, issue.8, pp.83604-83621, 2006.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.083604

]. D. Nicholson98, A. Nicholson, and . Vecchio, Bayesian bounds on parameter estimation accuracy for compact coalescing binary gravitational wave signals, Physical Review D, vol.57, issue.8, pp.4588-89, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevD.57.4588

]. V. Nikulin01, M. Nikulin, V. A. Bouzoubaa, T. E. Skormin, and . Busch, Modeling of an acousto-optic laser beam steering system intended for satellite communication, Optical Engineering, vol.40, issue.10, pp.2208-151, 2001.
DOI : 10.1117/1.1403022

S. Oemrawsingh, A. Aiello, E. Eliel, G. Nienhuis, and J. Woerdman, How to Observe High-Dimensional Two-Photon Entanglement with Only Two Detectors, Physical Review Letters, vol.92, issue.21, pp.217901-106, 1992.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.217901

]. M. Padgett06, G. Padgett, J. Whyte, A. Girkin, L. Wright et al., Polarization and image rotation induced by a rotating dielectric rod: an optical angular momentum interpretation Position-momentum Einstein- Podolsky-Rosen state of distantly separated trapped atoms, Opt. Lett. Phys. Rev. A, vol.31, issue.61, pp.2205-83, 2000.

]. S. Paschotta94, J. Paschotta, J. Schiller, and . Mlynek, 82% Efficient continuous-wave frequency doubling of 106 ??m with a monolithic MgO:LiNbO_3 resonator, Optics Letters, vol.19, issue.17, pp.1325-121, 1994.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.19.001325

]. C. Patel66 and . Patel, Laser, Physical Review Letters, vol.16, issue.14, pp.613-121, 1966.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.16.613

]. L. Paterson01, M. P. Paterson, J. Macdonald, W. Arlt, P. E. Sibbett et al., Controlled rotation of optically trapped microscopic particles Automatic alignment and mode-matching of a laser beam to an optical resonator, Gravitational Astronomy: Instrument Design and Astrophysical Prospects, pp.83-81, 1991.

]. A. Peres96 and . Peres, Separability Criterion for Density Matrices, Physical Review Letters, vol.77, issue.8
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.1413

]. S. Pirandola03, S. Pirandola, D. Mancini, P. Vitali, and . Tombesi, Continuous variable entanglement by radiation pressure, Journal of Optics B: Quantum and Semiclassical Optics, vol.5, issue.4, pp.5-523, 2003.
DOI : 10.1088/1464-4266/5/4/359

]. J. Poizat98, T. Poizat, O. Chang, P. Ripoll, and . Grangier, Spatial quantum noise of laser diodes, Journal of the Optical Society of America B, vol.15, issue.6, pp.1757-1790, 1998.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSAB.15.001757

]. R. Pound46 and . Pound, Electronic Frequency Stabilization of Microwave Oscillators, Review of Scientific Instruments, vol.17, issue.11, pp.490-173, 1946.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1770414

]. C. Putman92, K. O. Putman, B. G. Van-der-werf, N. F. De-grooth, F. B. Van-hulst et al., Atomic force microscope with integrated optical microscope for biological applications, Review of Scientific Instruments, vol.63, issue.3, pp.1914-151, 1992.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1143303

]. T. Ralph95, M. S. Ralph, A. G. Taubman, D. E. White, H. Mcclelland et al., Squeezed light from second-harmonic generation: experiment versus theory, Optics Letters, vol.20, issue.11, pp.1316-121, 1995.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.20.001316

[. Rayleigh, Collected Optics Papers of Lord Rayleigh

]. M. Raymer93, J. Raymer, M. Cooper, and . Beck, Many-port homodyne detection of an optical phase, Physical Review A, vol.48, issue.6, p.4617, 1993.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.48.4617

]. P. Refregier02 and . Réfrégier, Théorie du bruit et applications en physique, Lavoisier, p.90, 2002.

]. M. Reid88, P. D. Reid, and . Drummond, Quantum Correlations of Phase in Nondegenerate Parametric Oscillation, Physical Review Letters, vol.60, issue.26, pp.2731-2755, 1988.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.60.2731

]. S. Reynaud92, A. Reynaud, E. Heidmann, C. Giacobino, and . Fabre, Quantum fluctuations in optical systems, Progress in Optics, p.8, 1992.

]. P. Ribeiro97, C. Ribeiro, A. Schwob, C. Ma??trema??tre, and . Fabre, Sub-shot-noise high-sensitivity spectroscopy with optical parametric oscillator twin beams, Optics Letters, vol.22, issue.24, p.1893, 1997.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.22.001893

]. H. Riedmatten06, J. De-riedmatten, C. W. Laurat, E. W. Chou, D. Schomburg et al., Direct Measurement of Decoherence for Entanglement between a Photon and Stored Atomic Excitation, Physical Review Letters, vol.97, issue.11, pp.113603-164, 2006.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.113603

]. N. Robertson02 and . Robertson, Quadruple suspension design for Advanced LIGO, Classical and Quantum Gravity, vol.19, issue.15, pp.4043-4048, 2002.
DOI : 10.1088/0264-9381/19/15/311

. Stelzer, Trapping and tracking a local probe with a photonic force microscope, Rev. Sci. Instr, vol.75, pp.2197-89, 2004.

]. T. Santhanakrishnan95, N. K. Santhanakrishnan, M. D. Mohan, R. S. Kothiyal, and . Sirohi, A Non-Contact Simultaneous Measurement of Out-Of- Plane Displacement and Tilt of a Cantilever, J. Opt, vol.24, pp.109-151, 1995.

J. Bandres and . Gutierrez-vega, Observation of Ince-Gaussian modes in stable resonators, Opt. Lett, vol.29, pp.1870-140, 2004.

]. C. Schwob98, P. Schwob, C. Cohadon, M. Fabre, H. Marte et al., Transverse effects and mode couplings in OPOS All-optical image processing with cavity type II second-harmonic generation, Quoted p. [Scotto03] P. Scotto, P. Colet, and M. San Miguel, pp.1695-123, 1998.

]. D. Serkland97, P. Serkland, M. A. Kumar, M. M. Arbore, and . Fejer, Amplitude squeezing by means of quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation in a lithium niobate waveguide, Optics Letters, vol.22, issue.19, p.1497, 1997.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.22.001497

. Ch, P. K. Silberhorn, O. Lam, F. Weiss, N. Koenig et al., Generation of continuous variable Einstein-Podolsky- Rosen entanglement via the Kerr nonlinearity in an optical fiber, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.86, pp.4267-4289, 2001.

]. R. Simmons96, J. T. Simmons, S. Finer, J. A. Chu, and . Spudich, Quantitative measurements of force and displacement using an optical trap, Biophysical Journal, vol.70, issue.4, pp.1813-151, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-3495(96)79746-1

]. R. Simon00 and . Simon, Peres-Horodecki Separability Criterion for Continuous Variable Systems, Physical Review Letters, vol.84, issue.12, pp.2726-2750, 2000.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.2726

]. R. Slusher85, L. W. Slusher, B. Hollberg, J. C. Yurke, J. F. Mertz et al., Observation of Squeezed States Generated by Four-Wave Mixing in an Optical Cavity, Physical Review Letters, vol.55, issue.22, pp.2409-2428, 1985.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.55.2409

]. S. Smith76, H. D. Smith, R. P. Riccius, and . Edwin, Refractive indices of lithium niobate, Optics Communications, vol.17, issue.3, pp.332-188, 1976.
DOI : 10.1016/0030-4018(76)90273-X

]. I. Sokolov01, M. Sokolov, A. Kolobov, L. Gatti, and . Lugiato, Quantum holographic teleportation, Quantum holographic teleportation, pp.175-105, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0030-4018(01)01256-1

]. P. Soutoribeiro97, C. Souto-ribeiro, A. Schwob, C. Ma??trema??tre, and . Fabre, Sub-shotnoise high-sensitivity spectroscopy with optical parametric oscillator twin beams, Opt. Let, vol.22, issue.45, pp.1893-89, 1997.

]. S. Suzuki06, H. Suzuki, F. Yonezawa, M. Kannari, A. Sasaki et al., 7dB quadrature squeezing at 860nm with periodically poled KTiOPO4, Applied Physics Letters, vol.89, issue.6, pp.61116-134, 2006.
DOI : 10.1063/1.2335806

]. Y. Takeno07, M. Takeno, H. Yukawa, A. Yonezawa, and . Furusawa, Observation of -9 dB quadrature squeezing with improvement of phase stability in homodyne measurement, preprint: quant-ph, pp.702139-148, 2007.

]. L. Tian06, R. W. Tian, and . Simmonds, Coupled macroscopic quantum resonators: entanglement and squeezed state, p.22, 2006.

E. Stelzer and . Florin, Three-dimensional thermal noise imaging, Appl. Phys. Lett, vol.79, pp.3878-3923, 2001.

]. N. Trepsphd01 and . Treps, Quantum effects in optical images, pp.46-47, 2001.

]. N. Treps02, U. Treps, B. Andersen, P. K. Buchler, A. Lam et al., Surpassing the Standard Quantum Limit for Optical Imaging Using Nonclassical Multimode Light, Physical Review Letters, vol.88, issue.20, pp.203601-203646, 2002.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.203601

]. N. Treps03, N. Treps, W. P. Grosse, C. Bowen, H. Fabre et al., A Quantum Laser Pointer, Science, vol.301, issue.5635, p.940, 2003.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1086489

]. N. Treps, N. Grosse, W. Bowen, M. T. Hsu, A. Ma??trema??tre et al., Nano-displacement measurements using spatially multimode squeezed light, Journal of Optics B: Quantum and Semiclassical Optics, vol.6, issue.8, pp.664-709, 2004.
DOI : 10.1088/1464-4266/6/8/007
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00004930

]. N. Treps and C. Fabre, Title: Criteria of quantum correlation in the measurement of continuous variables in optics, quant-ph, pp.407214-407241, 2004.

]. N. Treps05, V. Treps, A. Delaubert, J. M. Ma??trema??tre, C. Courty et al., Quantum noise in multipixel image processing, Physical Review A, vol.71, issue.1, pp.13820-13848, 2005.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.013820

]. H. Vahlbruch05, S. Vahlbruch, B. Chelkowski, A. Hage, K. Franzen et al., Demonstration of a Squeezed-Light-Enhanced Power- and Signal-Recycled Michelson Interferometer, Physical Review Letters, vol.95, issue.21
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.211102

]. A. Van-de-nes, S. F. Pereira, and J. J. Braat, On the conservation of fundamental optical quantities in non-paraxial imaging systems, Journal of Modern Optics, vol.4, issue.5-6, pp.677-56, 2006.
DOI : 10.1364/OPEX.12.001281

]. A. Vaziri02, G. Vaziri, A. Weihs, and . Zeilinger, Superpositions of the orbital angular momentum for applications in quantum experiments, Journal of Optics B: Quantum and Semiclassical Optics, vol.4, issue.2, p.47, 2002.
DOI : 10.1088/1464-4266/4/2/367

]. V. Vedral97, M. B. Vedral, M. A. Plenio, P. L. Rippin, and . Knight, Quantifying Entanglement, Physical Review Letters, vol.78, issue.12, p.2275, 1997.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.2275

]. B. Willke02 and . Willke, The GEO 600 gravitational wave detector, Classical and Quantum Gravity, vol.19, issue.7, pp.1377-1382, 2002.
DOI : 10.1088/0264-9381/19/7/321

]. H. Wiseman99, ]. L. Wisemanwu86, H. Wu, J. Kimble, H. Hall et al., Generation of squeezed states by parametric down conversion, First Ultraviolet High-Gain Harmonic-Generation Free-Electron Laser, pp.19-074801, 1986.

]. R. Zambrini03, A. Zambrini, L. A. Gatti, and M. Lugiato, Polarization quantum properties in a type-II optical parametric oscillator below threshold, Physical Review A, vol.68, issue.6, pp.63809-164, 2003.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.68.063809

]. A. Zeilinger00 and . Zeilinger, Quantum entangled bits step closer to IT, Science, vol.289, issue.405, p.106, 2000.

]. Y. Zhang00, H. Zhang, X. Wang, J. Li, C. Jing et al., Experimental generation of bright two-mode quadrature squeezed light from a narrow-band nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier, Physical Review A, vol.62, issue.2, pp.23813-23835, 2000.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.62.023813