S. Akers, Binary Decision Diagrams, IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol.27, issue.6
DOI : 10.1109/TC.1978.1675141

C. Ammar, S. M. Islam-amoia, G. De-micheli, M. Santomauro-anderson, T. F. Lunt et al., Time Scale Decomposition of a Class of Generalized Stochastic Petri Net Models Computer-Oriented Formulation of Transition-Rate Matrices via Kronecker Algebra Detecting Unusual Program Behavior Using the Statistical Component of the Next-generation Intrusion Detection Expert System (NIDES), " SRI SRI-CSL-95-06 Validation de la sûreté de fonctionnement par injection de fautes : méthode?mise en oeuvre? application Fault Injection for the Experimental Validation of Fault-Tolerant Systems Experimental Evaluation of the Fault Tolerance of an Atomic Multicast Protocol Fault Injection and Dependability Evaluation of Fault-Tolerant Systems Dependability Evaluation of Software Fault Tolerance, Thèse de Doctorat d'Etat 18th IEEE Int Symp. on Fault-Tolerant Computing (FTCS-18), pp.509-516, 1978.

R. L. Aveyard and F. T. Man, A Study on the Reliability of the Circuit Maintenance System-1B, 7th Working Conference on Dependable Computing for Critical Applications (DCCA-7), pp.1317-1332, 1980.
DOI : 10.1002/j.1538-7305.1980.tb03365.x

M. Balakrishnan and K. S. Trivedi, Componentwise decomposition for an efficient reliability computation of systems with repairable components, Twenty-Fifth International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant Computing. Digest of Papers, pp.259-268, 1995.
DOI : 10.1109/FTCS.1995.466972

G. Balbo, Stochastic Petri nets: accomplishments and open problems, Proceedings of 1995 IEEE International Computer Performance and Dependability Symposium, pp.51-60, 1995.
DOI : 10.1109/IPDS.1995.395817

G. Balbo, S. Bruell, and S. Ghanta, Combining queueing networks and generalized stochastic Petri nets for the solution of complex models of system behavior, IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol.37, issue.10, pp.1251-1267, 1988.
DOI : 10.1109/12.5986

S. Laprie, J. Metge, D. Moreira-de-souza, P. Powell, and . Spiesser, SURF-2: A Program for Dependability Evaluation of Complex Hardware and Software Systems, 23rd IEEE Int. Symposium on Fault-Tolerant Computing (FTCS- 23), pp.668-673, 1993.

M. Bernardo, L. Donatiello, and R. Gorrieri, Integrating Performance and Functional Analysis of Concurrent Systems with EMPA, Dept. of Computer Science, 1995.

A. Blakemore and S. K. Tripathi, Automated time scale decomposition and analysis of stochastic Petri nets, Proceedings of 5th International Workshop on Petri Nets and Performance Models, pp.248-257, 1993.
DOI : 10.1109/PNPM.1993.393446

A. Bobbio and K. Trivedi, An Aggregation Technique for the Transient Analysis of Stiff Markov Chains, IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol.35, issue.9, pp.803-814, 1986.
DOI : 10.1109/TC.1986.1676840

B. W. Boehm, A spiral model of software development and enhancement, Computer, vol.21, issue.5, pp.61-72, 1988.
DOI : 10.1109/2.59

M. Borrel, Interactions entre composants matériel et logiciel de systèmes tolérants aux fautes -caractérisation -formalisation -modélisation ; Application à la sûreté de fonctionnement du CAUTRA, 1996.

J. Boué, P. Pétillon, Y. Crouzet, and J. Arlat, Early Experimental Verification of Fault Tolerance: The VHDL-base Fault Injection Tool MEFISTO-L, 28th IEEE Int. Symposium on Fault-Tolerant Computing (FTCS-28), pp.168-173, 1998.

R. Bryant, Symbolic Boolean manipulation with ordered binary-decision diagrams, ACM Computing Surveys, vol.24, issue.3, pp.293-318, 1992.
DOI : 10.1145/136035.136043
URL : http://akebono.stanford.edu/users/nanni/courses/EE318/bryant92.pdf

J. A. Carrasco, J. Escriba, and A. Calderon, Efficient exploration of availability models guided by failure distances, ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review, vol.24, issue.1, pp.242-251, 1996.
DOI : 10.1145/233008.233049

L. Chen and A. Avizienis, N-Version Programming: a Fault Tolerance Approach to Reliability of Software Systems, 8th IEEE Int. Fault Tolerance Computing Symposium (FTCS-8), pp.3-9, 1978.

P. M. Chen, E. K. Lee, G. A. Gibson, R. H. Katz, and D. A. Patterson, RAID: high-performance, reliable secondary storage, ACM Computing Surveys, vol.26, issue.2, pp.145-185, 1994.
DOI : 10.1145/176979.176981

R. C. Cheung, A User-Oriented Software Reliability Model, IEEE Trans. on Software engineering, issue.6, pp.118-125, 1980.

R. Chillarege, R. K. Iyer, R. Chillarege, and R. K. Iyer, Measurement-Based Analysis of Error Latency An Experimental Study of Memory Fault Latency, IEEE Transactions on Computers IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol.38, issue.36, pp.529-537, 1987.

G. Chiola, A Software Package for the Analysis of Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets, International Workshop on Timed Petri Nets, pp.136-143, 1985.

G. Chiola, C. Dutheillet, G. Franceschinis, and S. Haddad, Stochastic well-formed colored nets and symmetric modeling applications, IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol.42, issue.11, pp.1343-1360, 1993.
DOI : 10.1109/12.247838

G. S. Choi and R. K. Iyer, FOCUS: an experimental environment for fault sensitivity analysis, IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol.41, issue.12, pp.1515-1526, 1992.
DOI : 10.1109/12.214660

G. Ciardo, R. Marie, B. Sericola, and K. S. Trivedi, Performability analysis using semi-Markov reward processes, IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol.39, issue.10, pp.1251-1264, 1990.
DOI : 10.1109/12.59855

G. Ciardo, J. Muppala, and K. Trivedi, SPNP: Stochastic Petri Net Package International Workshop on Petri Nets and Performance Models (PNPM89), pp.142-151, 1989.

G. Ciardo and K. S. Trivedi, A decomposition approach for stochastic reward net models, Performance Evaluation, vol.18, issue.1, pp.37-59, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0166-5316(93)90026-Q

J. A. Clark and D. K. Pradhan, Reliability Analysis of Unidirectional Voting TMR Systems Through Simulated Fault-Injection, IEEE Workshop on Fault Tolerant Parallel and Distributed Systems, pp.72-81, 1992.

J. A. Clark and D. K. Pradhan, Fault injection: a method for validating computer-system dependability, Computer, vol.28, issue.6, pp.47-56, 1995.
DOI : 10.1109/2.386985

P. Corneillie, Y. Deswarte, A. Hawes, M. Kaâniche, H. Kurth et al., SQUALE?Definition of draft Criteria for the Assessment of Dependable Systems, 1997.

A. Costes, C. Landrault, and J. Laprie, Reliability and Availability Models for Maintained Systems Featuring Hardware Failures and Design Faults, IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol.27, issue.6, pp.27-548, 1978.
DOI : 10.1109/TC.1978.1675146

M. Dacier, Vers une évaluation quantitative de la sécurité informatique, Thèse de Doctorat, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, N° 971, Rapport LAAS N° 94488, 1994.

M. Dacier and Y. Deswarte, Privilege graph: An extension to the typed access matrix model, European Symposium in Computer Security (ESORICS'94), pp.319-334, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-58618-0_72

M. Dacier, Y. Deswarte, and M. Kaâniche, Models and tools for quantitative assessment of operational security, 12th International Information Security Conference (IFIP/SEC'96), (Samos, Grèce), pp.177-186, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-5041-2919-0_15

M. Dacier, Y. Deswarte, and M. Kaâniche, Models and tools for quantitative assessment of operational security, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-5041-2919-0_15

M. Dacier, M. Kaâniche, and Y. Deswarte, A Framework for Security Assessment of Insecure Systems, 1993.

O. Daniel, Les réseaux de Petri stochastiques pour l'évaluation des attributs de la sûreté de fonctionnement de systèmes manufacturiers, 1995.

Y. Deswarte, M. Kaâniche, P. Corneillie, and P. Benoit, Dependable computing system evaluation criteria: SQUALE proposal, Dependable Computing for Critical Applications 7, 1998.
DOI : 10.1109/DCFTS.1999.814308

Y. Deswarte, M. Kaâniche, P. Corneillie, and P. Benoit, SQUALE: Critères d'évaluation de la sûreté de fonctionnement, 11ème Colloque de Fiabilité & Maintenabilité, pp.367-376, 1998.

. Dod, Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria (TCSEC), " Department of Defense, USA DoD-5200, p.28, 1985.

S. Donatelli, Superposed Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets: Definition and efficient solution, 15th Int. Conference on Applications and Theory of Petri Nets, pp.258-277, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-58152-9_15

S. Donatelli, M. Ribaudo, and J. Hillston, A comparison of performance evaluation process algebra and generalized stochastic Petri nets, Proceedings 6th International Workshop on Petri Nets and Performance Models, pp.158-168, 1995.
DOI : 10.1109/PNPM.1995.524326

T. Downs, An Approach to the Modeling of Software Testing with Statistical Quality Control, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, issue.11, pp.375-386, 1985.

J. T. Duane, Learning Curve Approach to Reliability Monitoring, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace, vol.2, issue.2, pp.563-566, 1964.
DOI : 10.1109/TA.1964.4319640

J. B. Dugan and M. R. Lyu, System-Level Reliability and Sensitivity Analyses for Three Fault-Tolerant System Architectures, 4th Int. Working Conference on Dependable Computing for Critical Applications (DCCA-4), pp.295-307, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-7091-9396-9_37
URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.46.3364

J. B. Dugan and K. S. Trivedi, Coverage modeling for dependability analysis of fault-tolerant systems, IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol.38, issue.6, pp.775-787, 1989.
DOI : 10.1109/12.24286

W. K. Ehrlich, J. P. Stampfel, and J. R. Wui, Application of software reliability modeling to product quality and test process, [1990] Proceedings. 12th International Conference on Software Engineering, pp.108-116, 1990.
DOI : 10.1109/ICSE.1990.63608

J. M. Finkelstein, Starting and Limiting Values for Reliability Growth A Logarithmic Reliability Growth Model for Single-Mission Systems, IEEE Transactions on Reliability IEEE Trans. on Reliability, pp.111-11332, 1979.

G. Florin and S. Natkin, Les réseaux de Petri Stochastiques, Technique et Science Informatiques, vol.4, pp.143-160, 1985.

N. Fota, Spécification et construction incrémentale de modèles de sûreté de fonctionnement?Application au CAUTRA, Thèse de Doctorat, 1997.

N. Fota, M. Kaâniche, and K. Kanoun, A Modular and Incremental Approach for Building Complex Stochastic Petri Net Models, 1st Int. Conference on Mathematical Methods in Reliability (MMR'97), pp.151-158, 1997.

N. Fota, M. Kaâniche, and K. Kanoun, Dependability Evaluation of an Air Traffic Control Computing System, 3rd IEEE International Computer Performance & Dependability Symposium (IPDS-98), pp.206-215, 1998.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00762602

N. Fota, M. Kaâniche, K. Kanoun, and A. Peytavin, Description du système informatique global du contrôle en route français du trafic aérien, 1994.

N. Fota, M. Kaâniche, K. Kanoun, and A. Peytavin, Analyse du système informatique global de l'ATC en route en vue de l'évaluation de sa sûreté de fonctionnement, p.10, 1995.

N. Fota, M. Kaâniche, K. Kanoun, and A. Peytavin, Safety Analysis and Evaluation of an Air Traffic Control Computing System, 15th Int. Conf. on Computer Safety, Reliability and Security (SAFECOMP'96), pp.219-229, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4471-0937-2_19
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00851765

N. Fota, M. Kaâniche, K. Kanoun, and A. Peytavin, Modélisation et évaluation globale de la sûreté de fonctionnement du CAUTRA, 1997.

R. M. Fujimoto, Parallel discrete event simulation, Communications of the ACM, vol.33, issue.10, pp.30-53, 1990.
DOI : 10.1145/84537.84545

O. Gaudoin, Outils statistiques pour l'évaluation de la fiabilité des logiciels, Thèse de Doctorat, 1990.

R. German and C. Lindemann, Analysis of stochastic Petri nets by the method of supplementary variables, Performance Evaluation, vol.20, issue.1-3, pp.317-335, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0166-5316(94)90020-5

R. German, D. Logothetis, and K. S. Trivedi, Transient analysis of Markov regenerative stochastic Petri nets: a comparison of approaches, Proceedings 6th International Workshop on Petri Nets and Performance Models, pp.103-112, 1995.
DOI : 10.1109/PNPM.1995.524320

K. K. Goswami and N. Uilu-eng, Design for dependability, 8th Computing in Aerospace Conference, 1994.
DOI : 10.2514/6.1991-3735

K. K. Goswami, R. K. Iyer, and L. Young, DEPEND: a simulation-based environment for system level dependability analysis, IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol.46, issue.1, pp.60-74, 1997.
DOI : 10.1109/12.559803

A. Goyal, W. C. Carter, E. De-souza-e-silva, and S. S. Lavenberg, The System Availability Estimator, 16th IEEE Int. Symp. on Fault-Tolerant Computing (FTCS-16), pp.84-89, 1986.

A. Goyal, P. Shabuddin, P. Heidelberger, V. F. Nicola, and P. W. Glynn, A unified framework for simulating Markovian models of highly dependable systems, IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol.41, issue.1, pp.36-51, 1992.
DOI : 10.1109/12.123381

R. B. Grady, Practical Software Metrics for Project Management and Process Improvement, 1992.

A. Grnarov, J. Arlat, and A. Avizienis, On the Performance of Software Fault Tolerance Strategies, 10th IEEE Int. Symp. Fault-Tolerant Computing (FTCS- 10), pp.251-253, 1980.

D. Gross and D. R. Miller, The Randomization Technique as a Modeling Tool and Solution Procedure for Transient Markov Processes, Operations Research, vol.32, issue.2, pp.343-361, 1984.
DOI : 10.1287/opre.32.2.343

B. R. Haverkort, Approximate performability and dependability analysis using generalized stochastic Petri nets, Performance Evaluation, vol.18, issue.1, pp.61-78, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0166-5316(93)90027-R

H. Hecht, Fault-Tolerant Software, IEEE Transactions on Reliability, vol.28, issue.3, pp.227-232, 1979.
DOI : 10.1109/TR.1979.5220573

C. Hennebert and G. Guiho, SACEM: A fault tolerant system for train speed control, FTCS-23 The Twenty-Third International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant Computing, pp.624-628, 1993.
DOI : 10.1109/FTCS.1993.627365

M. Hsueh, T. K. Tsai, and R. K. Iyer, Fault-Injection Techniques and Tools, IEEE Computer, pp.75-82, 1997.

R. K. Iyer and D. J. Rossetti, Effect of System Workload on Operating System Reliability: A Study on IBM 3081, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol.11, issue.12, pp.1438-1448, 1985.
DOI : 10.1109/TSE.1985.232180

E. Jenn, Sur la validation des systèmes tolérant les fautes : injection de fautes dans des modèles de simulation VHDL, Thèse de Doctorat, 1994.

E. Jenn, J. Arlat, M. Rimén, J. Ohlsson, and J. Karlsson, Fault Injection into VHDL Models: The MEFISTO Tool Modèle hyperexponentiel en temps continu et en temps discret pour l'évaluation de la croissance de la sûreté de fonctionnement, 24th IEEE Int. Symp. on Fault-Tolerant Computing Thèse de Doctorat, pp.66-75, 1992.

M. Kaâniche and K. Kanoun, The discrete time hyperexponential model for software reliability growth evaluation, [1992] Proceedings Third International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering, pp.64-75, 1992.
DOI : 10.1109/ISSRE.1992.285857

M. Kaâniche and K. Kanoun, Software Failure Data Analysis of two Successive Generations of a Switching System, 12th Int. Conf. on Computer Safety, Reliability and Security (SAFECOMP'93), pp.230-239, 1993.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4471-2061-2_24

M. Kaâniche and K. Kanoun, Reliability of a commercial telecommunications system, Proceedings of ISSRE '96: 7th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering, pp.207-212, 1996.
DOI : 10.1109/ISSRE.1996.558807

M. Kaâniche, K. Kanoun, M. Cukier, and M. B. Martini, Software reliability analysis of three successive generations of a Switching System, First European Conference on Dependable Computing (EDCC-1), pp.473-490, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-58426-9_153

M. Kaâniche, K. Kanoun, and J. Laprie, Discrete-Time Reliability Growth Modeling of Single and Multicomponent Software Systems, 1992.

M. Kaâniche, K. Kanoun, and J. Laprie, Reliability Growth of Software Systems: From Discrete to Continuous-Time Modeling, 1992.

M. Kaâniche, K. Kanoun, and J. Laprie, Fiabilité du logiciel: spécification et estimation, 1994.

M. Kaâniche, K. Kanoun, and S. Metge, Analyse et évaluation de la croissance de fiabilité du logiciel d'un équipement de télécommunications Rapport de contrat Convention CNET, pp.89-90, 1989.

M. Kaâniche, K. Kanoun, and S. Metge, Proposition d'une procédure de collecte de données pour l'évaluation de la sûreté de fonctionnement d'un système informatique, Rapport de contrat Convention CNET, pp.89-90, 1989.

M. Kaâniche, K. Kanoun, and S. Metge, Analyse des défaillances et suivi de la validation du logiciel d'un équipement de télécommunication, Annales des télécommunications, vol.45, pp.657-670, 1990.

M. Kaâniche, K. Kanoun, and S. Metge, Utilisation du modèle hyperexponentiel pour le suivi de la validation d'un équipement de télécommunications, 7ème Colloque International de Fiabilité et de Maintenabilité, pp.332-339, 1990.

M. Kaâniche, J. Nowak, K. Kanoun, M. R. De-bastos, and . Martini, The TROPICO- RA Switching System: Data Analyses for Software & Hardware Reliability Evaluation, 1994.

M. Kaâniche, L. Romano, Z. Kalbarczyk, R. Iyer, and R. Karcich, A hierarchical approach for dependability analysis of a commercial cache-based RAID storage architecture, Digest of Papers. Twenty-Eighth Annual International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant Computing (Cat. No.98CB36224), pp.6-15, 1998.
DOI : 10.1109/FTCS.1998.689450

Z. Kalbarczyk, G. Ries, M. S. Lee, Y. Xiao, J. Patel et al., Hierarchical approach to accurate fault modeling for system evaluation, Proceedings. IEEE International Computer Performance and Dependability Symposium. IPDS'98 (Cat. No.98TB100248), pp.249-258, 1998.
DOI : 10.1109/IPDS.1998.707727

K. Kanoun, Croissance de la sûreté de fonctionnement des logiciels: caractérisation, modélisation et évaluation, 1989.

K. Kanoun and M. Borrel, Dependability of fault-tolerant systems-explicit modeling of the interactions between hardware and software components, Proceedings of IEEE International Computer Performance and Dependability Symposium, pp.252-261, 1996.
DOI : 10.1109/IPDS.1996.540226

K. Kanoun, M. Borrel, T. Morteveille, and A. Peytavin, Modeling the dependability of CAUTRA, a subset of the French air traffic control system, Proceedings of Annual Symposium on Fault Tolerant Computing, pp.106-115, 1996.
DOI : 10.1109/FTCS.1996.534599

K. Kanoun, M. Kaâniche, C. Béounes, J. Laprie, and J. Arlat, Reliability growth of fault-tolerant software, IEEE Transactions on Reliability, vol.42, issue.2, pp.205-219, 1993.
DOI : 10.1109/24.229488

K. Kanoun, M. Kaâniche, and J. Laprie, Experience in software reliability: From data collection to quantitative evaluation, Proceedings of 1993 IEEE International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering, pp.234-245, 1993.
DOI : 10.1109/ISSRE.1993.624293
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00851758

K. Kanoun, M. Kaâniche, and J. Laprie, Fiabilité du logiciel: de la collecte des données à l'évaluation probabiliste, Technique et Science Informatiques, vol.16, pp.865-895, 1997.

K. Kanoun, M. Kaâniche, and J. Laprie, Qualitative and quantitative reliability assessment, IEEE Software, vol.14, issue.2, pp.77-86, 1997.
DOI : 10.1109/52.582977

K. Kanoun, M. Kaâniche, J. Laprie, and S. Metge, SoRel: A tool for reliability growth analysis and prediction from statistical failure data, FTCS-23 The Twenty-Third International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant Computing, pp.654-659, 1993.
DOI : 10.1109/FTCS.1993.627370
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00852434

K. Kanoun and J. Laprie, Modeling Software Reliability and Availability from Development Validation up to Operation, 1985.

K. Kanoun, J. Laprie, K. Kanoun, J. Laprie, and T. Sabourin, Software Reliability Trend Analysis: From Theoretical to Practical Considerations A Method for Software Reliability Growth Analysis and Assessment, 1ere Conference sur le Génie Logiciel & ses Applications, pp.740-777, 1988.

K. Kanoun and T. Sabourin, Software Dependability of a Telephone Switching System, 17th IEEE Int Symp. on Fault-Tolerant Computing (FTCS-17), pp.236-241, 1987.

G. Q. Kenney and M. A. Vouk, Measuring the field quality of wide-distribution commercial software, [1992] Proceedings Third International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering, pp.351-357, 1992.
DOI : 10.1109/ISSRE.1992.285906

P. Koopman, J. Sung, D. Siewiorek, and T. Marz, Comparing operating systems using robustness benchmarks, Proceedings of SRDS'97: 16th IEEE Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems, pp.72-79, 1997.
DOI : 10.1109/RELDIS.1997.632800

J. Laprie, Prévision de la sûreté de fonctionnement et architectures de structures numériques temps réel réparables, 1975.

J. Laprie, Evaluation de la sûreté de fonctionnement des logiciels en opération, Technique et Science Informatiques, vol.2, pp.233-247, 1983.

J. Laprie, Dependability Evaluation of Software Systems in Operation, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol.10, issue.6, pp.701-714, 1984.
DOI : 10.1109/TSE.1984.5010299

J. Laprie, Models for Software Availability Evaluation, 2nd National Workshop on Fault-Tolerant Computing Systems (NWFTCS II), 1984.

J. Laprie, Vers une théorie de la fiabilité du X-iel, Technique et Science Informatiques, vol.7, pp.315-330, 1988.

J. Laprie, Hardware-and-Software Dependability Evaluation, IFIP 11th World Computer Congress, pp.109-114, 1989.

J. Laprie, For a product-in-a-process approach to software reliability evaluation, [1992] Proceedings Third International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering, pp.134-139, 1992.
DOI : 10.1109/ISSRE.1992.285851

J. Laprie, J. Arlat, C. Beounes, and K. Kanoun, Definition and analysis of hardware- and software-fault-tolerant architectures, Computer, vol.23, issue.7, pp.39-51, 1990.
DOI : 10.1109/2.56851

J. Laprie, C. Béounes, M. Kaâniche, and K. Kanoun, The transformation approach to the modeling and evaluation of the reliability and availability growth, [1990] Digest of Papers. Fault-Tolerant Computing: 20th International Symposium, pp.364-371, 1990.
DOI : 10.1109/FTCS.1990.89390
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00851871

J. Laprie, C. Béounes, M. Kaâniche, and K. Kanoun, The Transformation Approach to the Modeling and Evaluation of the Reliability and Availability Growth of Systems in Operation, Predictably Dependable Computing Systems, pp.389-406, 1995.

J. Laprie, M. Kaâniche, and K. Kanoun, Modeling computer systems evolutions: non-stationary processes and stochastic Petri nets-application to dependability growth, Proceedings 6th International Workshop on Petri Nets and Performance Models, pp.221-230, 1995.
DOI : 10.1109/PNPM.1995.524338

J. Laprie and K. Kanoun, X-ware reliability and availability modeling, SE-18, pp.130-147, 1992.
DOI : 10.1109/32.121755

J. Laprie and K. Kanoun, Software Reliability and System Reliability, Handbook of Software Reliability Engineering, pp.27-69, 1996.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00761643

J. Laprie, K. Kanoun, C. Béounes, and M. Kaâniche, The KAT (knowledge-action-transformation) approach to the modeling and evaluation of reliability and availability growth, SE- 17, pp.370-382, 1991.
DOI : 10.1109/32.90436

A. M. Law and D. W. Kelton, Simulation Modeling & Analysis, 1991.

U. Lindqvist and E. Jonsson, A map of security risks associated with using COTS, Computer, vol.31, issue.6, pp.60-66, 1998.
DOI : 10.1109/2.683009

B. Littlewood, Software Reliability Model for Modular Program Structure, IEEE Transactions on Reliability, vol.28, issue.3, pp.241-246, 1979.
DOI : 10.1109/TR.1979.5220576

B. Littlewood, S. Brocklehurst, N. Fenton, P. Mellor, S. Page et al., Towards Operational Measures of Computer Security, Journal of Computer Security, vol.2, issue.2-3, pp.211-229, 1993.
DOI : 10.3233/JCS-1993-22-308

T. Lunt, A survey of intrusion detection techniques, Computers & Security, vol.12, issue.4, pp.405-418, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0167-4048(93)90029-5

M. R. Lyu, Handbook of Software Reliability Engineering, 1995.

S. Mahévas and G. Rubino, Bounding asymptotic dependability and performance measures, Proceedings of IEEE International Computer Performance and Dependability Symposium, pp.176-186, 1996.
DOI : 10.1109/IPDS.1996.540219

M. Malhotra, K. S. Trivedi148-]-r, B. Marie, and . Sericola, Power-hierarchy of dependability-model types, IRISA-INRIA, Rapport technique 585, pp.493-502, 1986.
DOI : 10.1109/24.326452

A. Marsan, G. Balbo, and G. Conte, A class of generalized stochastic Petri nets for the performance evaluation of multiprocessor systems, ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, vol.2, issue.2, pp.93-122, 1984.
DOI : 10.1145/190.191

M. A. Marsan, G. Balbo, G. Franceschinis, and S. Donatelli, Modelling with Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets, ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review, vol.26, issue.2, 1995.
DOI : 10.1145/288197.581193

E. Mathieu, Modélisation du système informatique de contrôle en route du trafic aérien français par réseaux d'activités stochastiques, 1996.

J. F. Meyer, A. Movaghar, and W. H. Sanders, Stochastic Activity Networks: Structure, Behaviour and Application, IEEE International Workshop on Timed Petri Nets, pp.139-156, 1985.

. Mod, The Procurement of Safety Critical Software in Defense Equipment- Parts 1 & 2, UK Ministry of Defence, Interim Defence Standard, pp.0-55, 1991.

M. Molloy, Performance Analysis Using Stochastic Petri Nets, IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol.31, issue.9, pp.913-917, 1982.
DOI : 10.1109/TC.1982.1676110

A. D. Muffet, Crack Version 4.1 ? A Sensible Password Checker for Unix, " disponible par ftp à l'adresse ftp, 1992.

R. R. Muntz, E. De-souza-e-silva, and A. Goyal, Bounding availability of repairable systems, IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol.38, issue.12, pp.1714-1723, 1989.
DOI : 10.1109/12.40849

J. K. Muppala, A. Sathay, R. Howe, and K. S. Trivedi, Dependability Modeling of a Heteregeneous VAX-cluster System Using Stochastic Reward Nets Hardware and Software Fault Tolerance in Parallel Computing Systems, pp.33-59, 1992.

J. Musa and K. Okumoto, A Logarithmic Poisson Execution Time Model for Software Reliability Measurement, COMPSAC'84, pp.230-238, 1984.

S. Natkin, Les réseaux de Petri stochastiques, Thèse de Docteur Ingénieur, CNAM, 1980.

V. F. Nicola, M. K. Nakayama, P. Heidelberger, and A. Goyal, Fast simulation of highly dependable systems with general failure and repair processes, IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol.42, issue.12, pp.1440-1452, 1993.
DOI : 10.1109/12.260634

R. Ortalo, Evaluation quantitative de la sécurité des systèmes d'information, Thèse de Doctorat, 1418.

R. Ortalo and Y. Deswarte, Quantitative Evaluation of Information System Security, 14th IFIP Int. Information Security Conference (IFIP/SEC'98), pp.321-332, 1998.

R. Ortalo, Y. Deswarte, and M. Kaâniche, Experimenting with Quantitative Evaluation Tools for Monitoring Operational Security Dependable Computing for Critical Applications 6 (6th IFIP Int. Working Conference on Dependable Computing for Critical Applications: DCCA-6, Dependable Computing and Fault-Tolerant Systems, pp.307-328, 1997.
DOI : 10.1109/32.815323
URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.44.3072

D. Powell, Failure Mode Assumptions and Assumption Coverage, 22nd IEEE Int. Symp. on Fault-Tolerant Computing (FTCS-22), pp.386-395, 1992.

G. Profos, Analyse et évaluation de la fiabilité du logiciel de l'autocommutateur TROPICO-RS, 1993.

C. V. Ramamoorthy and F. B. Bastani, Modeling of the Software Reliability Growth Process, pp.161-169, 1980.

B. Randell, System Structure for Software Fault Tolerance, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol.1, pp.220-232, 1975.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4612-6315-9_26
URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.2.578

A. Reibman, R. Smith, and . Trivedi, Markov and Markov reward model transient analysis: An overview of numerical approaches, European Journal of Operational Research, vol.40, issue.2, pp.257-267, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0377-2217(89)90335-4

A. L. Reibman and M. Veeraraghavan, Reliability modeling: an overview for system designers, Computer, vol.24, issue.4, pp.49-57, 1991.
DOI : 10.1109/2.76262

G. Ries and R. K. Iyer, Evaluating the Impact of Transient Faults on Software Behavior: Case Study of a Commercial High-Speed Network, Dependable Computing for Critical Applications 6 (6th IFIP Int. Working Conference on Dependable Computing for Critical Applications: DCCA-6 Dependable Computing and Fault-Tolerant Systems, pp.271-287, 1997.

G. L. Ries, G. S. Choi, and R. K. Iyer, Device-level transient fault modeling, Proceedings of IEEE 24th International Symposium on Fault- Tolerant Computing, pp.86-94, 1994.
DOI : 10.1109/FTCS.1994.315654

I. Rojas, Compositional Construction of SWN models, ECS-CSG-21-96, 1996.
DOI : 10.1093/comjnl/38.7.612

N. Ross, The Collection and Use of Data for Monitoring Software Projects, " in Measurement for Software Control and Assurance, pp.125-154, 1989.

W. W. Royce, Managing the Development of Large Software Systems: Concepts and Techniques, 1970.

R. Eurocae, Considérations sur le logiciel en vue de la certification des systèmes et équipements de bord, Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics (RTCA), European Organization for Civil Aviation Electronics (EUROCAE), 1992.

G. Rubino and B. Sericola, A finite characterization of weak lumpable Markov processes. Part II: The continuous time case, Stochastic Processes and Their Applications, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-4149(93)90063-A

W. H. Sanders and J. F. Meyer, A Unified Approach for Specifying Measures of Performance, Dependability and Performability, Dependable Computing and Fault Tolerant Systems, pp.215-237, 1991.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-7091-9123-1_10

W. H. Sanders, W. D. Obal, I. , M. A. Qureshi, and F. K. Widjanarko, The UltraSAN modeling environment, Performance Evaluation, vol.24, issue.1-2, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0166-5316(95)00012-M

P. J. Schweitzer, A Survey of Aggregation-Disaggregation in Large Markov Chains, Numerical Solutions of Markov Chains, pp.63-87, 1991.

P. Semal, Analysis of Large Markov Models, Thèse de Doctorat, Faculté des Sciences Appliquées, 1992.

P. Semal, Refinable bounds for large Markov chains, IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol.44, issue.10, pp.1216-1222, 1995.
DOI : 10.1109/12.467696

D. P. Siewiorek and R. S. Swarz, Reliable Computer Systems -Design and Evaluation, 1992.

G. E. Stark, Dependability Evaluation of Integrated Hardware/Software Systems, IEEE Transactions on Reliability, vol.36, issue.4, pp.440-444, 1987.
DOI : 10.1109/TR.1987.5222435

W. J. Stewart and A. Goyal, Matrix Methods in Large Dependability Models, IBM Res. Rep. RC, p.11485, 1985.

N. Talbert, The Cost of COTS, Computer, vol.31, issue.6, pp.46-52, 1998.
DOI : 10.1109/MC.1998.683007

J. M. Voas, Certifying off-the-shelf software components, Computer, vol.31, issue.6, pp.53-59, 1998.
DOI : 10.1109/2.683008

J. J. Wallace and W. W. Barnes, Designing for Ultrahigh Availability: The Unix RTR Operating System, Computer, vol.17, issue.8, pp.31-39, 1984.
DOI : 10.1109/MC.1984.1659215

C. Wang and K. Trivedi, Integration of specification for modeling and specification for system design, 14th Int. Conf. on Application and Theory of Petri Nets, pp.473-492, 1993.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-56863-8_62

M. Xie, Software Reliability Modeling, 1991.

S. Yamada, S. Osaki, and H. Narihisa, Software Reliability Growth Modeling with Number of Test Runs, Trans. IECE Japan, issue.67, pp.79-83, 1984.

C. R. Yount and D. P. Siewiorek, A methodology for the rapid injection of transient hardware errors, IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol.45, issue.8, pp.881-891, 1996.
DOI : 10.1109/12.536231

P. Ziegler and H. Szczerbicka, A Structure Based Decomposition Approach for GSPN, " 6th Int. Workshop on Petri Nets and Performance Models, TABLE DES MATIÈRES, issue.8, pp.261-270, 1995.

.. Modélisation-de-la-croissance-de-fiabilité, 27 3.1. Situation des travaux et principales contributions, p.28

T. Modélisation-en, Modèle hyperexponentiel en temps discret, p.36

.. Application-dans-un-contexte-industriel, 43 3.4.1. Présentation de la méthode, p.44

P. Bilan, 75 6.1, p.78