S. R. Adams, A. T. Harootunian, Y. J. Buechler, S. S. Taylor, and R. Y. Tsien, Fluorescence ratio imaging of cyclic AMP in single cells, Nature, vol.349, issue.6311, pp.694-697, 1991.
DOI : 10.1038/349694a0

R. R. Anderson and J. A. Parrish, The Optics of Human Skin, Journal of Investigative Dermatology, vol.77, issue.1, pp.13-19, 1981.
DOI : 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12479191

V. A. Andreev, A. A. Karabutov, S. V. Solomatin, E. V. Savateeva, V. Aleynikov et al., Opto-acoustic tomography of breast cancer with arcarray-transducer, Proc. SPIE, pp.36-47, 2000.

S. R. Arridge, Photon-measurement density functions Part I: Analytical forms, Applied Optics, vol.34, issue.31, pp.7395-7409, 1995.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.34.007395

S. R. Arridge, Optical tomography in medical imaging, Inverse Problems, vol.15, issue.2, pp.41-93, 1999.
DOI : 10.1088/0266-5611/15/2/022

S. R. Arridge, M. Cope, and D. T. Delpy, The theoretical basis for the determination of optical pathlengths in tissue: temporal and frequency analysis, Physics in Medicine and Biology, vol.37, issue.7, pp.1531-1560, 1992.
DOI : 10.1088/0031-9155/37/7/005

S. R. Arridge and W. R. Lionheart, Nonuniqueness in diffusion-based optical tomography, Optics Letters, vol.23, issue.11, pp.882-884, 1998.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.23.000882

S. R. Arridge and M. Schweiger, The use of multiple data types in time-resolved opticalabsorption and scattering tomography (TOAST), Proc. SPIE, pp.218-229, 1993.

S. R. Arridge, M. Schweiger, M. Hiraoka, and D. T. Delpy, A finite element approach for modeling photon transport in tissue, Medical Physics, vol.20, issue.2, pp.299-309, 1993.
DOI : 10.1118/1.597069

E. Beaurepaire, A. C. Boccara, M. Lebec, L. Blanchot, and H. Saint-jalmes, Full-field optical coherence microscopy, Optics Letters, vol.23, issue.4, pp.244-246, 1998.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.23.000244

W. Becker, A. Bergmann, A. Gibson, N. Everdell, D. Jennions et al., Multi-dimensional time-correlated single photon counting applied to diffuse optical tomography, Optical Tomography and Spectroscopy of Tissue VI, pp.34-42, 2005.
DOI : 10.1117/12.589004

D. A. Boas, Diffuse photon probes of structural and dynamical properties of turbid media : Theory and biomedical applications, 1992.

F. P. Bolin, L. E. Preuss, C. Taylor, and R. J. Ference, Refractive index of some mammalian tissues using a fiber optic cladding method, Applied Optics, vol.28, issue.12, pp.2297-2303, 1989.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.28.002297

J. Beuthan, O. Minet, J. Helfman, and G. Muller, The spatial variation of the refractive index in biological cells, Physics in Medicine and Biology, vol.41, issue.3, pp.369-382, 1996.
DOI : 10.1088/0031-9155/41/3/002

F. Bevilacqua, D. Piguet, P. Marquet, J. D. Gross, B. J. Tromberg et al., In vivo local determination of tissue optical properties: applications to human brain, Applied Optics, vol.38, issue.22, pp.4939-4950, 1999.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.38.004939

A. F. Cannestra, I. Wartenburger, H. Obrig, A. Villringer, and A. W. Toga, Functional assessment of Broca???s area using near infrared spectroscopy in humans, NeuroReport, vol.14, issue.15, pp.1961-1965, 2003.
DOI : 10.1097/00001756-200310270-00016

B. Chance, A. Mayevsky, B. Guan, and Y. Zhang, Hypoxia/Ischemia Triggers a Light Scattering Event in Rat Brain, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol, vol.428, pp.457-67, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4615-5399-1_65

B. Chance and J. R. Williams, Respiratory enzymes in oxidative phosphorylation. III The steady state, J. Biol. Chem, vol.217, pp.409-426, 1955.

N. G. Chen and Q. Zhu, Time-resolved diffusive optical imaging using pseudo-random bit sequences, Optics Express, vol.11, issue.25, pp.3445-3454, 2003.
DOI : 10.1364/OE.11.003445

S. W. Chu, S. Y. Chen, T. H. Tsai, T. M. Liu, C. Y. Lin et al., In vivo developmental biology study using noninvasive multi-harmonic generation microscopy, Optics Express, vol.11, issue.23, pp.3093-3099, 2003.
DOI : 10.1364/OE.11.003093.m004

L. B. Cohen, R. D. Keynes, and B. Hille, Light Scattering and Birefringence Changes during Nerve Activity, Nature, vol.194, issue.5140, pp.438-441, 1968.
DOI : 10.1021/ja01618a012

C. E. Cooper, M. Cope, R. Springett, P. N. Amess, J. Penrice et al., Use of Mitochondrial Inhibitors to Demonstrate That Cytochrome Oxidase Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Can Measure Mitochondrial Dysfunction Noninvasively in the Brain, Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, vol.68, pp.27-38, 1999.
DOI : 10.1097/00004647-199901000-00003

C. E. Cooper, S. J. Matcher, and J. S. Wyatt, Near-infrared spectroscopy of the brain: relevance to cytochrome oxidase bioenergetics, Biochemical Society Transactions, vol.22, issue.4, pp.974-980, 1994.
DOI : 10.1042/bst0220974

C. E. Cooper and R. Springett, Measurement of cytochrome oxidase and mitochondrial energetics by near-infrared spectroscopy, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.352, issue.1354, pp.669-676, 1997.
DOI : 10.1098/rstb.1997.0048

M. Cope, D. T. Delpy, E. O. Reynolds, S. Wray, J. Wyatt et al., Methods of Quantitating Cerebral Near Infrared Spectroscopy Data, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol, vol.222, pp.183-189, 1987.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4615-9510-6_21

A. Corlu, T. Durduran, R. Choe, M. Schweiger, E. M. Hillman et al., Uniqueness and wavelength optimization in continuous-wave multispectral diffuse optical tomography, Optics Letters, vol.28, issue.23, pp.2339-2341, 2003.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.28.002339

E. Cuche, P. Marquet, and C. Depeursinge, Simultaneous amplitude-contrast and quantitative phase-contrast microscopy by numerical reconstruction of Fresnel off-axis holograms, Applied Optics, vol.38, issue.34, pp.6994-7001, 1999.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.38.006994

J. P. Culver, A. M. Siegel, J. J. Stott, and D. A. Boas, Volumetric diffuse optical tomography of brain activity, Optics Letters, vol.28, issue.21, pp.2061-2063, 2003.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.28.002061

D. T. Delpy and M. Cope, Quantification in tissue near-infrared spectroscopy, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.352, issue.1354, pp.649-659, 1997.
DOI : 10.1098/rstb.1997.0046

D. T. Delpy, M. Cope, P. Van-der-zee, S. R. Arridge, S. Wray et al., Estimation of optical pathlength through tissue from direct time of flight measurement, Physics in Medicine and Biology, vol.33, issue.12, pp.1433-1442, 1988.
DOI : 10.1088/0031-9155/33/12/008

B. Devaraj, M. Usa, K. P. Chan, and T. Akatsuka, Recent advances in coherent detection imaging (CDI) in biomedicine: laser tomography of human tissues in vivo and in vitro, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, vol.2, issue.4, pp.1008-1016, 1996.
DOI : 10.1109/2944.577330

M. A. Duguay and J. Hansen, AN ULTRAFAST LIGHT GATE, Applied Physics Letters, vol.15, issue.6, pp.192-194, 1969.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1652962

M. A. Duguay and A. T. Mattick, Ultrahigh Speed Photography of Picosecond Light Pulses and Echoes, Applied Optics, vol.10, issue.9, pp.2162-2170, 1971.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.10.002162

M. D. Duncan, R. Mahon, L. L. Tankersley, and J. Reintjes, Time-gated imaging through scattering media using stimulated Raman amplification, Optics Letters, vol.16, issue.23, pp.1868-1870, 1991.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.16.001868

A. Dunn, Light Scattering Properties of Cells, 1997.

C. Dunsby and P. M. French, Techniques for depth-resolved imaging through turbid media including coherence-gated imaging, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, vol.36, issue.14, pp.207-227, 2003.
DOI : 10.1088/0022-3727/36/14/201

T. Durduran, G. Yu, M. G. Burnett, J. A. Detre, J. H. Greenberg et al., Diffuse optical measurement of blood flow, blood oxygenation, and metabolism in a human brain during sensorimotor cortex activation, Optics Letters, vol.29, issue.15, pp.1766-1768, 2004.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.29.001766

M. Dyba and S. W. Hell, Open Up Far-Field Florescence Microscopy at 33 nm Axial Resolution, Physical Review Letters, vol.88, issue.16, p.163901, 2002.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.163901

W. G. Egan and T. W. Hilgeman, Optical Properties of inhomogeneous materials, 1979.

S. Feng, F. A. Zeng, and B. Chance, Photon migration in the presence of a single defect: a perturbation analysis, Applied Optics, vol.34, issue.19, pp.3826-3837, 1995.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.34.003826

A. F. Fercher, W. Drexler, C. K. Hitzenberger, and T. Lasser, Optical coherence tomography ??? development, principles, applications, Zeitschrift f??r Medizinische Physik, vol.20, issue.4, pp.239-303, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/j.zemedi.2009.11.002

M. Firbank, M. Hiraoka, M. Essenpreis, and D. T. Delpy, Measurement of the optical properties of the skull in the wavelength range 650-950 nm, Physics in Medicine and Biology, vol.38, issue.4, pp.503-510, 1993.
DOI : 10.1088/0031-9155/38/4/002

T. Flock, B. Wilson, and M. Patterson, Total attenuation coefficients and scattering phase functions of tissues and phantom materials at 633 nm, Medical Physics, vol.14, issue.5, pp.835-842, 1987.
DOI : 10.1118/1.596010

M. A. Franceschini and D. A. Boas, Noninvasive measurement of neuronal activity with near-infrared optical imaging, NeuroImage, vol.21, issue.1, pp.372-386, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.09.040

M. Franceschini, S. Fantini, J. Thompson, J. Culver, and D. Boas, Hemodynamic evoked response of the sensorimotor cortex measured noninvasively with near-infrared optical imaging, Psychophysiology, vol.36, issue.4, pp.548-560, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/0013-4694(91)90032-Y

J. G. Fujimoto, Optical coherence tomography for ultrahigh resolution in vivo imaging, Nature Biotechnology, vol.21, issue.11, pp.1361-1367, 2003.
DOI : 10.1038/nbt892

Y. Fukui, Y. Ajichi, and E. Okada, Monte Carlo prediction of near-infrared light propagation in realistic adult and neonatal head models, Applied Optics, vol.42, issue.16, pp.2881-2887, 2003.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.42.002881

G. Gratton, P. M. Corballis, E. Cho, M. Fabiani, and D. C. Hood, Shades of gray matter: Noninvasive optical images of human brain reponses during visual stimulation, Psychophysiology, vol.8, issue.5, pp.505-509, 1995.
DOI : 10.1002/ana.410280502

G. Gratton, P. M. Corballis, M. Fabiani, D. C. Hood, M. R. Goodman-wood et al., Fast and Localized Event-Related Optical Signals (EROS) in the Human Occipital Cortex: Comparisons with the Visual Evoked Potential and fMRI, NeuroImage, vol.6, issue.3, pp.168-180, 1997.
DOI : 10.1006/nimg.1997.0298

G. Gratton and M. Fabiani, The event-related optical signal (EROS) in visual cortex: Replicability, consistency, localization, and resolution, Psychophysiology, vol.471, issue.4, pp.561-571, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0166-2236(97)01132-6

G. Gratton, M. Fabiani, D. Friedman, M. A. Franceschini, S. Fantini et al., Rapid Changes of Optical Parameters in the Human Brain During a Tapping Task, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, vol.7, issue.4, pp.446-456, 1995.
DOI : 10.1002/ana.410360107

R. A. Groenhuis, H. A. Ferwerda, T. Bosch, and J. J. , Scattering and absorption of turbid materials determined from reflection measurements 1: Theory, Applied Optics, vol.22, issue.16, pp.2456-2467, 1983.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.22.002456

D. Grosenick, T. Moesta, H. Wabnitz, J. Mucke, C. Stroszczynski et al., Time-domain optical mammography: initial clinical results on detection and characterization of breast tumors, Applied Optics, vol.42, issue.16, pp.3170-3186, 2003.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.42.003170

J. C. Hebden, S. R. Arridge, and D. T. Delpy, Optical imaging in medicine: I. Experimental techniques, Physics in Medicine and Biology, vol.42, issue.5, pp.825-840, 1997.
DOI : 10.1088/0031-9155/42/5/007

J. C. Hebden, A. Gibson, T. Austin, R. Yusof, N. Everdell et al., Imaging changes in blood volume and oxygenation in the newborn infant brain using three-dimensional optical tomography, Physics in Medicine and Biology, vol.49, issue.7, pp.1117-1130, 2004.
DOI : 10.1088/0031-9155/49/7/003

J. C. Hebden, A. Gibson, R. Yusof, N. Everdell, E. M. Hillman et al., Three-dimensional optical tomography of the premature infant brain, Physics in Medicine and Biology, vol.47, issue.23, pp.4155-4166, 2002.
DOI : 10.1088/0031-9155/47/23/303

S. W. Hell, Toward fluorescence nanoscopy, Nature Biotechnology, vol.21, issue.11, pp.1347-1355, 2003.
DOI : 10.1038/nbt895

L. G. Henyey and J. L. Greenstein, Diffuse radiation in the Galaxy, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.93, pp.70-83, 1941.
DOI : 10.1086/144246

D. K. Hill and R. D. Keynes, Opacity changes in stimulated nerve, The Journal of Physiology, vol.108, issue.3, pp.278-281, 1949.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.1949.sp004331

E. M. Hillman, Experimental and theoretical investigations of near infrared tomographic imaging methods and clinical applications, 2002.

B. L. Horecker, The absorption spectra of haemoglobin and its derivatives in the visible and infra-red regions, J. Biol. Chem, vol.148, pp.173-183, 1943.

Y. Hoshi, I. Oda, Y. Wada, Y. Ito, Y. Yamashita et al., Visuospatial imagery is a fruitful strategy for the digit span backward task: a study with near-infrared optical tomography, Cognitive Brain Research, vol.9, issue.3, pp.339-342, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0926-6410(00)00006-9

D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson et al., Optical coherence tomography, Science, vol.254, issue.5035, pp.1178-1181, 1991.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1957169

D. M. Hueber, M. A. Franceschini, H. Y. Ma, Q. Zhang, J. R. Ballesteros et al., Non-invasive and quantitative near-infrared haemoglobin spectrometry in the piglet brain during hypoxic stress, using a frequency-domain multidistance instrument???, Physics in Medicine and Biology, vol.46, issue.1, pp.41-62, 2001.
DOI : 10.1088/0031-9155/46/1/304

S. C. Hyde, N. P. Barry, R. Jones, J. C. Dainty, and P. M. French, Sub-100-??m depth-resolved holographic imaging through scattering media in the near infrared, Optics Letters, vol.20, issue.22, pp.2330-2332, 1995.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.20.002330

G. Indebetouw, Distortion-free imaging through inhomogeneities by selective spatial filtering, Applied Optics, vol.29, issue.35, p.5262, 1990.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.29.005262

W. Irvine, Light Scattering by Spherical Particles: Radiation Pressure, Asymmetry Factor, and Extinction Cross Section, Journal of the Optical Society of America, vol.55, issue.1, pp.16-21, 1965.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSA.55.000016

A. Ishimaru, Wave propagation and scattering in random media, 1978.
DOI : 10.1109/9780470547045

Y. Ito, R. P. Kennan, E. Watanabe, and H. Koizumi, Assessment of heating effects in skin during continuous wave near infrared spectroscopy, Journal of Biomedical Optics, vol.5, issue.4, pp.383-390, 2000.
DOI : 10.1117/1.1287730

S. Jacques, C. Alter, and S. Prahl, Angular dependence of HeNe laser light scattering by human dermis, Lasers in the Life Sciences, pp.309-333, 1987.

S. L. Jacques and S. A. Prahl, Oregon Medical Laser Center Optical properties spectra, disponible sur internet

F. F. Jöbsis, Noninvasive, Infrared Monitoring of Cerebral and Myocardal Oxygen Sufficiency and Circulatory Parameters, Science, vol.198, pp.1265-1267, 1977.

L. L. Kalpaxis, L. M. Wang, P. Galland, X. Liang, P. P. Ho et al., Three-dimensional temporal image reconstruction of an object hidden in highly scattering media by time-gated optical tomography, Optics Letters, vol.18, issue.20, pp.1691-1693, 1993.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.18.001691

M. Kerker, D. Cooke, H. Chew, and P. Mcnulty, Light scattering by structured spheres*, Journal of the Optical Society of America, vol.68, issue.5, pp.592-601, 1978.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSA.68.000592

H. Koizumi, T. Yamamoto, A. Maki, Y. Yamashita, H. Sato et al., Optical topography: practical problems and new applications, Applied Optics, vol.42, issue.16, pp.3054-3062, 2003.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.42.003054

L. Bihan and D. , Looking into the functional architecture of the brain with diffusion MRI, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, vol.4, issue.6, pp.469-480, 2003.
DOI : 10.1038/nrn1119
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00349696

M. J. Levene, D. A. Dombeck, K. A. Kasischke, R. P. Molloy, and W. W. Webb, In Vivo Multiphoton Microscopy of Deep Brain Tissue, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.91, issue.4, 1908.
DOI : 10.1152/jn.01007.2003

A. Li, Q. Zhang, J. P. Culver, E. L. Miller, and D. A. Boas, Reconstructing chromosphere concentration images directly by continuous-wave diffuse optical tomography, Optics Letters, vol.29, issue.3, pp.256-258, 2004.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.29.000256

A. Liebert, H. Wabnitz, M. Möller, A. Walter, R. Macdonald et al., Time-resolved diffuse NIR-reflectance topography of the adult head during motor stimulation, Biomedical Topical Meeting, p.34, 2004.
DOI : 10.1364/BIO.2004.WF34

A. Liebert, H. Wabnitz, J. Steinbrink, H. Obrig, M. Möller et al., Time-resolved multidistance near-infrared spectroscopy of the adult head: intracerebral and extracerebral absorption changes from moments of distribution of times of flight of photons, Applied Optics, vol.43, issue.15, pp.3037-3047, 2004.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.43.003037

P. Lipton, Effects of membrane depolarization on light scattering by cerebral cortical slices, The Journal of Physiology, vol.231, issue.2, pp.365-383, 1973.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.1973.sp010238

M. Kintoch, F. C. Zhu, J. X. Pine, D. J. Weitz, and D. A. , Polarization memory of multiply scattered light, Phys. Rev. B, vol.40, pp.9342-9345, 1989.

B. A. Macvicar and D. Hochman, Imaging of synaptically evoked intrinsic optical signals in hippocampal slices, J. Neurosci, vol.11, pp.1458-1469, 1991.

D. Malonek and A. Grinvald, Interactions Between Electrical Activity and Cortical Microcirculation Revealed by Imaging Spectroscopy: Implications for Functional Brain Mapping, Science, vol.272, issue.5261, pp.551-554, 1996.
DOI : 10.1126/science.272.5261.551

S. J. Matcher, C. E. Elwell, C. E. Cooper, M. Cope, and D. T. Delpy, Performance Comparison of Several Published Tissue Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Algorithms, Analytical Biochemistry, vol.227, issue.1, pp.54-68, 1995.
DOI : 10.1006/abio.1995.1252

G. Mie, Considerations on the optics of turbid media, especially colloidal metal sols, Ann. Physik, vol.25, pp.377-442, 1908.

M. Minsky, Microscopy apparatus, US patent 3013467, 1957.

B. Montcel, R. Chabrier, and P. Poulet, Detection of cortical activation using time-resolved diffuse optical methods, Appl. Opt, vol.44, 1942.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00443363

B. Montcel, R. Chabrier, and P. Poulet, Improvements in brain activation detection using timeresolved diffuse optical means, Proc. SPIE, pp.63-69, 2005.

B. Montcel, R. Chabrier, and P. Poulet, A time-resolved and multi-wavelength fluorescence and diffuse optical tomography system for small animals, Proc. SPIE, pp.132-140, 2005.

B. Montcel, R. Chabrier, and P. Poulet, A fluorescence and diffuse optical tomographic system for small animals " , Imaging for medical and life sciences, Fontis media, sous presse, 2005.

B. Montcel, R. Chabrier, and P. Poulet, Diffuse optical topography of the brain activity: Can time-resolved methods provide information about depth? " , Imaging for medical and life sciences, Fontis media, sous presse, 2005.

B. Montcel, R. Chabrier, M. Torregrossa, and P. Poulet, D??tection d'activations corticales par des m??thodes d'optique diffuse r??solues en temps, Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings), vol.127, pp.105-109, 2005.
DOI : 10.1051/jp4:2005127016

B. Montcel, M. Torregrossa, and P. Poulet, Optode positioning in time-resolved neurological near-infrared imaging, Biomedical Topical Meeting, p.11, 2004.
DOI : 10.1364/BIO.2004.WF11

N. Narita, T. Tominaga, K. Koshu, K. Mizoi, and T. Yoshimoto, Monitoring of brain tissue haemoglobin concentration and oxygen saturation using a three wavelength spectrophotometric method, Neurological Research, vol.16, issue.6, pp.428-432, 1994.
DOI : 10.1080/01616412.1994.11740268

Y. Nomura, O. Hazeki, and M. Tamura, Exponential Attenuation of Light Along Nonlinear Path Through the Biological Model, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol, vol.248, pp.77-80, 1989.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4684-5643-1_10

Y. Nomura, O. Hazeki, and M. Tamura, Relationship between time-resolved and non-time-resolved Beer - Lambert law in turbid media, Physics in Medicine and Biology, vol.42, issue.6, pp.1009-1022, 1997.
DOI : 10.1088/0031-9155/42/6/002

M. Oda, Y. Yamashita, G. Nishimura, and M. Tamura, A simple and novel algorithm for time-resolved multiwavelength oximetry, Physics in Medicine and Biology, vol.41, issue.3, pp.551-562, 1996.
DOI : 10.1088/0031-9155/41/3/015

E. Okada and D. T. Delpy, Near-infrared light propagation in an adult head model I Modeling of low-level scattering in the cerebrospinal fluid layer, Applied Optics, vol.42, issue.16, pp.2906-2914, 2003.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.42.002906

E. Okada, M. Firbank, M. Schweiger, S. R. Arridge, M. Cope et al., Theoretical and experimental investigation of near-infrared light propagation in a model of the adult head, Applied Optics, vol.36, issue.1, pp.2331-2336, 1997.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.36.000021

M. S. Patterson, B. Chance, and B. C. Wilson, Time resolved reflectance and transmittance for the noninvasive measurement of tissue optical properties, Applied Optics, vol.28, issue.12, pp.2331-2336, 1989.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.28.002331

M. Piket-may and A. Taflove, Electrodynamics of visible-light interactions with the vertebrate retinal rod, Optics Letters, vol.18, issue.8, pp.568-570, 1993.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.18.000568

E. Purcell and C. Pennypacker, Scattering and Absorption of Light by Nonspherical Dielectric Grains, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.186, pp.705-714, 1973.
DOI : 10.1086/152538

D. M. Rector, G. R. Poe, M. P. Kristensen, and R. M. Harper, Light Scattering Changes Follow Evoked Potentials From Hippocampal Schaeffer Collateral Stimulation, J. Neurophysiol, vol.78, pp.1707-1713, 1997.

D. M. Rector, R. F. Rogers, J. S. Schwaber, R. M. Harper, and J. S. George, Scattered-Light Imaging in Vivo Tracks Fast and Slow Processes of Neurophysiological Activation, NeuroImage, vol.14, issue.5, pp.977-994, 2001.
DOI : 10.1006/nimg.2001.0897

T. Rinne, G. Gratton, M. Fabiani, N. Cowan, E. Maclin et al., RAPID COMMUNICATION Scalp-Recorded Optical Signals Make Sound Processing in the Auditory Cortex Visible?, NeuroImage, vol.10, issue.5, pp.620-624, 1999.
DOI : 10.1006/nimg.1999.0495

J. Ripoll, R. B. Schulz, and V. Ntziachristos, Free-Space Propagation of Diffuse Light: Theory and Experiments, Physical Review Letters, vol.91, issue.10, 2003.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.103901

C. A. Sandman, J. P. O-'halloran, and R. Isenhart, Is there an evoked vascular response?, Science, vol.224, issue.4655, pp.1355-1357, 1984.
DOI : 10.1126/science.6729458

N. Sato, B. Hagihara, T. Kamada, and H. Abe, A sensitive method for the quantitative estimation of cytochromes a and a3 in tissues, Analytical Biochemistry, vol.74, issue.1, pp.105-117, 1976.
DOI : 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90313-4

F. E. Schmidt, Development of a Time-Resolved Optical Tomography System forNeonatal Brain Imaging, 1999.

J. M. Schmitt, Optical coherence tomography (OCT): a review, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, vol.5, issue.4, pp.1205-1215, 1999.
DOI : 10.1109/2944.796348

J. M. Schmitt, A. H. Gandjbakhche, and R. F. Bonner, Use of polarized light to discriminate short-path photons in a multiply scattering medium, Applied Optics, vol.31, issue.30, pp.6535-6546, 1992.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.31.006535

M. Schweiger and S. R. Arridge, Application of temporal filters to time resolved data in optical tomography, Physics in Medicine and Biology, vol.44, issue.7, pp.1699-1717, 1999.
DOI : 10.1088/0031-9155/44/7/310

M. Schweiger, S. R. Arridge, M. Hiraoka, and D. T. Delpy, The finite element method for the propagation of light in scattering media: Boundary and source conditions, Medical Physics, vol.22, issue.11, pp.1779-1792, 1995.
DOI : 10.1118/1.597634

J. Selb, Source virtuelle acousto optique pour l'imagerie des milieux diffusants, Thèse de doctorat, 2002.

J. Selb, L. Pottier, and A. C. Boccara, Nonlinear effects in acousto-optic imaging, Optics Letters, vol.27, issue.11, pp.918-920, 2002.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.27.000918

J. Selb, J. J. Stott, M. A. Franceschini, A. G. Sorensen, and D. A. Boas, Improved sensitivity to cerebral hemodynamics during brain activation with a time-gated optical system: analytical model and experimental validation, Journal of Biomedical Optics, vol.10, issue.1, p.11013, 2005.
DOI : 10.1117/1.1852553

J. Steinbrink, M. Kohl, H. Obrig, G. Curio, F. Syre et al., Somatosensory evoked fast optical intensity changes detected non-invasively in the adult human head, Neuroscience Letters, vol.291, issue.2, pp.105-108, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-3940(00)01395-1

R. A. Stepnoski, A. Laporta, F. Raccuia-behling, G. E. Blonder, R. E. Slusher et al., Noninvasive detection of changes in membrane potential in cultured neurons by light scattering., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, pp.9382-9386, 1991.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.88.21.9382

K. A. Stetson, Holographic Fog Penetration, Journal of the Optical Society of America, vol.57, issue.8, pp.1060-1061, 1967.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSA.57.001060

_. Strangman, G. Boas, D. A. Sutton, and J. P. , Non-invasive neuroimaging using near-infrared light, Biological Psychiatry, vol.52, issue.7, pp.679-693, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-3223(02)01550-0

M. Tamura, Non-invasive monitoring of the redox state of cytochrome oxidase in living tissue using near-infrared laser lights., Japanese Circulation Journal, vol.57, issue.8, pp.817-824, 1993.
DOI : 10.1253/jcj.57.817

M. Tanter, J. Thomas, and M. Fink, Focusing and steering through absorbing and aberrating layers: Application to ultrasonic propagation through the skull, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol.103, issue.5, pp.2403-2410, 1998.
DOI : 10.1121/1.422759

P. Taroni, G. Danesini, A. Torricelli, A. Pifferi, L. Spinelli et al., Clinical trial of time-resolved scanning optical mammography at 4 wavelengths between 683 and 975 nm, Journal of Biomedical Optics, vol.9, issue.3, pp.464-473, 2004.
DOI : 10.1117/1.1695561

V. Toronov, A. Webb, J. H. Choi, M. Wolf, A. Michalos et al., Investigation of human brain hemodynamics by simultaneous near-infrared spectroscopy and functional magnetic resonance imaging, Medical Physics, vol.8, issue.4, pp.521-527, 2001.
DOI : 10.1118/1.1354627

M. Torregrossa, Reconstruction d'images obtenues par tomographie optique dans le proche infrarouge, Thèse de doctorat, 2003.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00722530

A. Torricelli, A. Pifferi, L. Spinelli, R. Cubeddu, V. Quaresima et al., Functional cortical brain mapping by near infrared time-resolved spectroscopy, Biomedical Topical Meeting, p.5, 2004.
DOI : 10.1364/BIO.2004.FE5

R. Y. Tsien, Fluorescent Probes of Cell Signaling, Annual Review of Neuroscience, vol.12, issue.1, pp.227-253, 1989.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.ne.12.030189.001303

Y. Tsuchiya, Photon path distribution and optical responses of turbid media: theoretical analysis based on the microscopic Beer-Lambert law, Physics in Medicine and Biology, vol.46, issue.8, pp.2067-2084, 2001.
DOI : 10.1088/0031-9155/46/8/303

J. M. Tualle, E. Tinet, and S. Avrillier, A new and easy way to perform time-resolved measurements of the light scattered by a turbid medium, Optics Communications, vol.189, issue.4-6, pp.211-220, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0030-4018(01)01045-8

V. Tuchin, Tissue optics: Light scattering methods and instruments for medical diagnosis, 2000.
DOI : 10.1117/3.1003040

K. Uludag, J. Steinbrink, M. Kolh-bareis, R. Wenzel, A. Villringer et al., Cytochrome-c-oxidase redox changes during visual stimulation measured by near-infrared spectroscopy cannot be explained by a mere cross talk artefact, NeuroImage, vol.22, issue.1, pp.109-119, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.09.053

K. Uludag, J. Steinbrik, A. Villringer, and H. Obrig, Separability and cross talk: optimizing dual wavelength combinations for near-infrared spectroscopy of the adult head, NeuroImage, vol.22, issue.2, pp.583-589, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.02.023

R. L. Van-veen, H. J. Sterenborg, A. Pifferi, A. Torricelli, and R. Cubeddu, Determination of VIS- NIR absorption coefficients of mammalian fat, with time- and spatially resolved diffuse reflectance and transmission spectroscopy, Biomedical Topical Meeting, p.4, 2004.
DOI : 10.1364/BIO.2004.SF4

M. L. Vernon, J. Fréchette, Y. Painchaud, S. Caron, and P. Beaudry, Fabrication and characterization of a solid polyurethane phantom for optical imaging through scattering media, Applied Optics, vol.38, issue.19, pp.4247-4251, 1999.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.38.004247

A. Villringer and B. Chance, Non-invasive optical spectroscopy and imaging of human brain function, Trends in Neurosciences, vol.20, issue.10, pp.435-442, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0166-2236(97)01132-6

A. Villringer and U. Dirnagl, Coupling of brain activity and cerebral blood flow: basis of functional neuroimaging, Cerebrovasc. Brain Metab. Rev, vol.7, pp.240-276, 1995.

J. Watson, P. Georges, T. Lépine, B. Alonzi, and A. Brun, Imaging in diffuse media with ultrafast degenerate optical parametric amplification, Optics Letters, vol.20, issue.3, pp.231-233, 1995.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.20.000231

P. Wobst, R. Wenzel, M. Kohl, H. Obrig, and A. Villringer, Linear Aspects of Changes in Deoxygenated Hemoglobin Concentration and Cytochrome Oxidase Oxidation during Brain Activation, NeuroImage, vol.13, issue.3, pp.520-530, 2001.
DOI : 10.1006/nimg.2000.0706

M. Wolf, U. Wolf, J. H. Choi, R. Gupta, L. P. Safonova et al., Functional Frequency-Domain Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Detects Fast Neuronal Signal in the Motor Cortex, NeuroImage, vol.17, issue.4, pp.1868-1875, 2002.
DOI : 10.1006/nimg.2002.1261

M. Wolf, U. Wolf, V. Toronov, A. Michalos, L. A. Paunescu et al., Different Time Evolution of Oxyhemoglobin and Deoxyhemoglobin Concentration Changes in the Visual and Motor Cortices during Functional Stimulation: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study, NeuroImage, vol.16, issue.3, pp.704-712, 2002.
DOI : 10.1006/nimg.2002.1128

H. Q. Woodard and D. R. White, The composition of body tissues, The British Journal of Radiology, vol.59, issue.708, pp.1209-1219, 1986.
DOI : 10.1259/0007-1285-59-708-1209

K. M. Yoo, Q. Xing, and R. R. Alfano, Imaging objects hidden in highly scattering media using femtosecond second-harmonic-generation cross-correlation time gating, Optics Letters, vol.16, issue.13, pp.1019-1021, 1991.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.16.001019

O. C. Zienkiewicz and R. L. Taylor, The finite element method, 1 : Basic formulation and linear problems, 1989.

C. V. Zint, Tomographie optique proche infrarouge, résolue en temps, des milieux diffusants, Thèse de doctorat, 2002.

C. V. Zint, W. Uhring, M. Torregrossa, B. Cunin, and P. Poulet, Streak camera: a multidetector for diffuse optical tomography, Applied Optics, vol.42, issue.16, pp.3313-3320, 2003.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.42.003313

P. Avecia and . Box, Hexagon House

. Roth, 3 rue de la chapelle

R. Bright, Diseases of the brain and nervous system Reports of medical cases selected with a view of illustrating the symptoms and care of diseases by a reference to morbid anatomy, pp.431-435, 1831.

T. B. Curling, A pratical treatise on the diseases of the testis and of the spermatic cord and scrotum, pp.125-181, 1843.