E. M. Purcell, Spontaneous Emission Probabilities at Radio Frequencies, Phys. Rev, vol.69, p.681, 1946.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4615-1963-8_40

K. H. Drexhage, Influence of a dielectric interface on fluorescence decay time, Journal of Luminescence, vol.1, issue.2, pp.693-701, 1970.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-2313(70)90082-7

K. H. Drexhage, IV Interaction of Light with Monomolecular Dye Layers, Noth Holland, pp.163-232, 1974.
DOI : 10.1016/S0079-6638(08)70266-X

J. R. Lakowicz, J. Malicka, I. Gryczynski, Z. Gryczynski, and C. D. Geddes, Radiative decay engineering: the role of photonic mode density in biotechnology, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, vol.36, issue.14, pp.240-249, 2003.
DOI : 10.1088/0022-3727/36/14/203

P. Goy, J. M. Raymond, M. Gross, and S. Haroche, Observation of Cavity-Enhanced Single-Atom Spontaneous Emission, Physical Review Letters, vol.50, issue.24, pp.1903-1906, 1983.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.50.1903

R. G. Hulet, E. S. Hilfer, and D. Kleppner, Inhibited Spontaneous Emission by a Rydberg Atom, Physical Review Letters, vol.55, issue.20, pp.2137-2140, 1985.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.55.2137

F. Bernardot, P. Nussenzveig, M. Brune, J. M. Raimond, and S. Haroche, Vacuum Rabi Splitting Observed on a Microscopic Atomic Sample in a Microwave Cavity, Europhysics Letters (EPL), vol.17, issue.1, p.33, 1991.
DOI : 10.1209/0295-5075/17/1/007

Y. Yamamoto, S. Machida, and G. Björk, Micro-cavity semiconductor lasers with controlled spontaneous emission, Optical and Quantum Electronics, vol.44, issue.2, p.215, 1992.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00625826

C. Weisbuch, M. Nishioka, A. Ishikawa, and Y. Arakawa, Observation of the coupled exciton-photon mode splitting in a semiconductor quantum microcavity, Physical Review Letters, vol.69, issue.23, pp.3314-3317, 1992.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.3314

A. Imamoglu, Cavity-QED Using Quantum Dots, Optics and Photonics News, vol.13, issue.8, pp.22-25, 2002.
DOI : 10.1364/OPN.13.8.000022

J. Gérard, B. Sermage, B. Gayral, B. Legrand, E. Costard et al., Enhanced Spontaneous Emission by Quantum Boxes in a Monolithic Optical Microcavity, Physical Review Letters, vol.81, issue.5, pp.1110-1113, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.1110

B. Gayral, J. Gérard, B. Sermage, A. Lemaître, and C. Dupuis, Time-resolved probing of the Purcell effect for InAs quantum boxes in GaAs microdisks, Applied Physics Letters, vol.78, issue.19, pp.2828-2830, 2001.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1370123

G. Bourdon, Dynamique de l'émission spontanée dans des microcavités à semiconducteur à miroirs métalliques. thése de doctorat de l'université d'Orsay, Laboratoire de Photonique et Microstructures, 196 Avenue H, 1999.

I. Robert, Les microdisques en semiconducteurs et à miroirs métalliques pour le côntrole de l'émission spontanée. thése de doctorat de l'université Paris VI et ENST Paris, Laboratoire de Photonique et Microstructures, 196 Avenue H. Ravera, F- 92220, 1999.

C. Nelep, Développement de diodes électroluminescentes à microcavité à miroirs métalliques pour le contrôle de l'émission spontanée, 2002.

G. Bourdon, I. Robert, R. Adams, K. Nelep, I. Sagnes et al., Room temperature enhancement and inhibition of spontaneous emission in semiconductor microcavities, Applied Physics Letters, vol.77, issue.9, pp.1345-1347, 2000.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1290144

D. Englund, D. Fattal, E. Waks, G. Solomon, B. Zhang et al., Controlling the Spontaneous Emission Rate of Single Quantum Dots in a Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal, Physical Review Letters, vol.95, issue.1, p.13904, 2005.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.013904

M. Pelton, C. Santori, J. Vu?kovi?-c, B. Zhang, G. S. Solomon et al., An efficient source of single photons: a single quantum dot in a micropost microcavity, Summaries of Papers Presented at the Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference, p.233602, 2002.
DOI : 10.1109/QELS.2002.1031155

O. Benson, C. Santori, M. Pelton, and Y. Yamamoto, Regulated and Entangled Photons from a Single Quantum Dot, Physical Review Letters, vol.84, issue.11, pp.2513-2516, 2000.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.2513

G. Davis and E. Lindfield, Bridging the terahertz gap, Physics World, vol.17, issue.4, pp.37-41, 2004.
DOI : 10.1088/2058-7058/17/4/34

X. Zhang, Terahertz wave imaging: horizons and hurdles, Physics in Medicine and Biology, vol.47, issue.21, pp.3667-3677, 2002.
DOI : 10.1088/0031-9155/47/21/301

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.608.8940

P. H. Siegel, Terahertz Technology in Biology and Medicine, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol.52, issue.10, pp.2438-2447, 2004.
DOI : 10.1109/TMTT.2004.835916

N. Revoy, Rayons T. Bien mieux que les rayons X ! Science & Vie, pp.58-63, 2004.

A. Crocker, H. A. Gebbie, M. F. Kimmitt, and L. E. Mathias, Stimulated Emission in the Far Infra-Red, Nature, vol.2, issue.4916, p.250, 1964.
DOI : 10.1088/0370-1328/77/5/318

G. Ramian, The new UCSB free-electron lasers, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol.318, issue.1-3, pp.225-229, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0168-9002(92)91056-F

E. Bründermann, D. R. Chamberlin, and E. E. Haller, Novel design concepts of widely tunable germanium terahertz lasers, Infrared Physics & Technology, vol.40, issue.3, pp.141-151, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S1350-4495(99)00006-7

W. Knap, J. Lusakowskia, T. Parenty, S. Bollaert, A. Cappy et al., Terahertz emission by plasma waves in 60 nm gate high electron mobility transistors, Applied Physics Letters, vol.84, issue.13, pp.2331-2333, 2004.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1689401

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00133879

J. Faist, F. Capasso, D. L. Sivco, C. Sirtori, A. L. Hutchinson et al., Quantum Cascade Laser, Science, vol.264, issue.5158, pp.553-556, 1994.
DOI : 10.1126/science.264.5158.553

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00156810

C. Sirtori, P. Kruck, S. Barbieri, P. Collot, J. Nagle et al., GaAs/AlxGa1???xAs quantum cascade lasers, Terahertz semiconductor heterostructure laser. Letters to Nature, pp.3486-3488156, 1998.
DOI : 10.1063/1.122812

G. Strasser, Advanced Device Fabrication for High-Performance Cascade Lasers. exposé oral, POISE Summer School, 2006.

C. Cohen-tannoudji, J. Dupont-roc, and G. Grynberg, Photons et atomes : Introduction à l'électrodynamique quantique, Editions CNRS, 1987.

S. Haroche, Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics, Course 13 in : Fundamental Systems in Quantum Optics, 1992.

C. Cohen-tannoudji, B. Diu, and F. Laloë, Mécanique Quantique, tomes I et II, 1980.

E. Fermi, Quantum Theory of Radiation, Reviews of Modern Physics, vol.4, issue.1, pp.87-132, 1932.
DOI : 10.1103/RevModPhys.4.87

C. Cohen-tannoudji, J. Dupont-roc, and G. Grynberg, Processus d'interactions entre photons et atomes, Editions CNRS, 1997.

S. Elliot, The physics and chemistry of solids, 1998.

S. Sajeev and T. Quang, Spontaneous emission near the edge of a photonic band gap, Phys. Rev. A, vol.50, pp.1764-1769, 1994.

J. M. Wylie and J. E. Sipe, Quantum electrodynamics near an interface, Physical Review A, vol.30, issue.3, pp.1185-1193, 1984.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.30.1185

L. Landau and L. Lifchitz, Physique statistique, 1967.

R. R. Chance, A. Prock, and R. Silbey, Molecular Flourescence and Energy Transfer Near Interfaces, Advances in Chemical Physics, vol.XXXVII, 1978.

A. Rahmani and F. De-fornel, Emission photonique en espace confiné, 2000.

H. Rigneault, F. Lemarchand, and A. Sentenac, Dipole radiation into grating structures, Journal of the Optical Society of America A, vol.17, issue.6, pp.1048-1058, 2000.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSAA.17.001048

J. E. Sipe, New Green-function formalism for surface optics, Journal of the Optical Society of America B, vol.4, issue.4, pp.481-489, 1987.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSAB.4.000481

F. J. Schuurmans, D. T. De-lang, G. H. Wegdam, R. Sprik, and A. Lagendijk, Local-Field Effects on Spontaneous Emission in a Dense Supercritical Gas, Physical Review Letters, vol.80, issue.23, pp.5077-5080, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.5077

M. J. Adams, An introduction to optical waveguides, 1981.

L. Landau and L. Lifchitz, Electrodynamique des milieux continues, 1969.

M. S. Yeung and T. K. Gustafson, Spontaneous emission near an absorbing dielectric surface, Physical Review A, vol.54, issue.6, pp.5227-5242, 1996.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.54.5227

J. J. Hopfield, Theory of the Contribution of Excitons to the Complex Dielectric Constant of Crystals, Physical Review, vol.112, issue.5, pp.1555-1567, 1956.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRev.112.1555

M. Helm, E. Colas, P. England, F. Derosa, and S. J. Allen-jr, Intersubband emission from semiconductor superlattices excited by sequential resonant tunneling, Physical Review Letters, vol.63, issue.1, pp.74-77, 1989.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.63.74

M. Helm, E. Colas, P. England, F. Derosa, and S. J. Allen-jr, Observation of grating???induced intersubband emission from GaAs/AlGaAs superlattices, Applied Physics Letters, vol.53, issue.18, pp.1714-1716, 1988.
DOI : 10.1063/1.99803

G. Bastard, Wave mechanics applied to semiconducor heterostructures. Les editions de physique, 1996.

M. Rochat, J. Faist, M. Beck, U. Oestrle, and M. Ilegems, Far-infrared (??=88?????m) electroluminescence in a quantum cascade structure, Applied Physics Letters, vol.73, issue.25, pp.3724-3726, 1998.
DOI : 10.1063/1.122895

M. Rochat, J. Faist, M. Beck, and U. Oestrle, Electrically pumped Terahertz quantum well sources, Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, vol.7, issue.1-2, pp.44-47, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S1386-9477(99)00269-6

P. Harrison, Quantum Wells, Wires and Dots, 2005.
DOI : 10.1002/9781118923337

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.620.1795

G. Bourdon, I. Robert, R. Adams, K. Nelep, I. Sagnes et al., Room temperature enhancement and inhibition of spontaneous emission in semiconductor microcavities, Applied Physics Letters, vol.77, issue.9, pp.1345-1347, 2000.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1290144

B. S. Williams, S. Kumar, H. Callebaut, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, Terahertz quantum-cascade laser operating up to 137 K, Applied Physics Letters, vol.83, issue.25, pp.5142-5144, 2003.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1635657

L. Li, A Modal Analysis of Lamellar Diffraction Gratings in Conical Mountings, Journal of Modern Optics, vol.31, issue.4, pp.553-573, 1993.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.31.004190

W. H. Press, S. A. Teukolsky, W. T. Vetterling, and B. P. Flannery, Numerical Recipes in C. The art of Scienttific Computing, 1992.

H. Raether, Surface plasmons on smmoth and rough surfaces and on gratings, 1988.

B. S. Williams, S. Kumar, H. Callebaut, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, 3.4-THz quantum cascade laser based on longitudinal-optical-phonon scattering for depopulation, Applied Physics Letters, vol.82, issue.7, pp.1015-1017, 2003.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1554479

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00348893

B. S. Williams, S. Kumar, H. Callebaut, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, Terahertz quantum-cascade laser at ?????100?????m using metal waveguide for mode confinement, Applied Physics Letters, vol.83, issue.11, pp.2124-2126, 2003.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1611642

L. A. Coldreen and S. W. Corzine, Diode lasers and photonic integrated circuits, 1995.

K. W. Gossen and S. A. Lyon, Grating enhanced quantum well detector, Applied Physics Letters, vol.47, issue.12, pp.1257-1259, 1985.
DOI : 10.1063/1.96434

D. Heitmann and U. Mackens, Grating-coupler-induced intersubband resonances in electron inversion layers of silicon, Physical Review B, vol.33, issue.12, pp.8269-8283, 1986.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.33.8269

W. J. Li and B. D. Mccombe, Coupling efficiency of metallic gratings for excitation of intersubband transitions in quantum???well structures, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.71, issue.2, pp.1038-1040, 1992.
DOI : 10.1063/1.350393

S. Kumar, B. Williams, Q. Hu, and J. Reno, First-order edge-emitting and secondorder surface-emitting distributed feedback terahertz quantum cascade lasers, 8th International Conference on Intersubband Transitions in Quantum Wells, 2005.

M. Schubert and F. Rana, Design and performance of surface emitting terahertz quantum cascade lasers, 8th International Conference on Intersubband Transitions in Quantum Wells, 2005.

R. Colombelli, K. Stinivasan, M. Troccoli, O. Painter, C. F. Cmachl et al., Quantum Cascade Surface-Emitting Photonic Crystal Laser, Science, vol.302, issue.5649, pp.1374-1377, 2003.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1090561

R. Petit-ed, Electromagnetic theory of gratings, 1980.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-81500-3

M. G. Moharam, E. B. Grann, D. A. Pommet, and T. K. Gaylord, Formulation for stable and efficient implementation of the rigorous coupled-wave analysis of binary gratings, Journal of the Optical Society of America A, vol.12, issue.5, pp.1068-1076, 1995.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSAA.12.001068

I. C. Botten, M. S. Craig, R. C. Mcphedran, J. L. Adams, and J. R. Andrewartha, The Dielectric Lamellar Diffraction Grating, Optica Acta: International Journal of Optics, vol.11, issue.3, pp.413-428, 1981.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.4.001275

I. C. Botten, M. S. Craig, R. C. Mcphedran, J. L. Adams, and J. R. Andrewartha, The Finitely Conducting Lamellar Diffraction Grating, Optica Acta: International Journal of Optics, vol.68, issue.8, pp.1087-1102, 1981.
DOI : 10.1080/713820680

I. C. Botten, M. S. Craig, R. C. Mcphedran, J. L. Adams, and J. R. Andrewartha, Highly Conducting Lamellar Diffraction Gratings, Optica Acta: International Journal of Optics, vol.28, issue.8, pp.1103-1106, 1981.
DOI : 10.1090/S0025-5718-1967-0228165-4

P. Sheng, R. S. Stepleman, and P. N. Sanda, Exact eigenfunctions for square-wave gratings: Application to diffraction and surface-plasmon calculations, Physical Review B, vol.26, issue.6, pp.2907-2917, 1982.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.26.2907

L. Rayleigh, On the Dynamical Theory of Gratings, Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol.79, issue.532, pp.399-416, 1907.
DOI : 10.1098/rspa.1907.0051

S. Collin, Résonances photoniques dans les réseaux métalliques : théorie et application à la détéction ultra-rapide, 2002.

Y. Kok and N. C. Gallagher, Relative phases of electromagnetic waves diffracted by a perfectly conducting rectangular-grooved grating, Journal of the Optical Society of America A, vol.5, issue.1, pp.65-73, 1988.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSAA.5.000065

A. Wirgin and T. Lopez-rios, Can surface-enhanced raman scattering be caused by waveguide resonances?, Optics Communications, vol.48, issue.6, pp.416-420, 1984.
DOI : 10.1016/0030-4018(84)90036-1

A. Barbara, P. Quémerais, E. Bustarret, T. López, and T. Fournier, Electromagnetic resonances of sub-wavelength rectangular metallic gratings, The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, vol.23, issue.1, pp.143-154, 2003.
DOI : 10.1140/epjd/e2003-00025-9

H. Lochbihler, Diffraction from highly conducting lamellar gratings in conical mountings, Journal of Modern Optics, vol.92, issue.9, pp.1867-1890, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0038-1098(83)90586-0

J. A. Porto, F. J. Garcia-vidal, and J. P. Pendry, Transmission Resonances on Metallic Gratings with Very Narrow Slits, Physical Review Letters, vol.83, issue.14, pp.2845-2848, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.2845

Y. Todorov, I. Abram, and C. Minot, Dipole emission into rectangular metallic gratings with subwavelength slits, Physical Review B, vol.71, issue.7, p.75116, 2005.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.075116

R. W. Wood, Anomalous Diffraction Gratings, Physical Review, vol.48, issue.12, pp.928-936, 1935.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRev.48.928

F. J. Garcia-vidal and L. Martin-moreno, Transmission and focusing of light in one-dimensional periodically nanostructured metals, Physical Review B, vol.66, issue.15, p.155412, 2002.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.155412

H. F. Ghaemi, T. Thio, D. E. Grupp, T. W. Ebbesen, and H. J. Lezec, Surface plasmons enhance optical transmission through subwavelength holes, Physical Review B, vol.58, issue.11, pp.6779-6782, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.6779

T. W. Ebbesen, H. J. Lezec, H. F. Ghaemi, T. Thio, and P. A. Wolff, Extraordinary optical transmission through sub-wavelength hole arrays, Nature, vol.391, issue.6668, pp.667-669, 1998.
DOI : 10.1038/35570

H. A. Bethe, Theory of Diffraction by Small Holes, Physical Review, vol.66, issue.7-8, pp.163-182, 1944.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRev.66.163

T. J. Kim, T. Thio, T. W. Ebbesen, D. E. Grupp, and H. J. Lezec, Control of optical transmission through metals perforated with subwavelength hole arrays, Optics Letters, vol.24, issue.4, pp.256-258, 1999.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.24.000256

Q. Cao and P. Lalanne, Negative Role of Surface Plasmons in the Transmission of Metallic Gratings with Very Narrow Slits, Physical Review Letters, vol.88, issue.5, p.57403, 2002.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.057403

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00880400

L. Martin-moreno, F. J. Garcia-vidal, H. J. Lezec, K. M. Pellerin, T. Thio et al., Theory of Extraordinary Optical Transmission through Subwavelength Hole Arrays, Physical Review Letters, vol.86, issue.6, pp.1114-1117, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.1114

H. J. Lezec and T. Thio, Diffracted evanescent wave model for enhanced and suppressed optical transmission through subwavelength hole arrays, Optics Express, vol.12, issue.16, pp.3629-3651, 2004.
DOI : 10.1364/OPEX.12.003629

S. Collin, F. Pardo, R. Teissier, and J. L. Pelouard, Horizontal and vertical surface resonances in transmission metallic gratings, Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics, vol.4, issue.5, pp.154-160, 2002.
DOI : 10.1088/1464-4258/4/5/364

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00329851

B. Xu and Q. Hu, Grating coupling for intersubband emission, Applied Physics Letters, vol.70, issue.19, pp.2511-2513, 1997.
DOI : 10.1063/1.118906

G. P. Agrawal and N. K. Dutta, Long-wavelength semiconductor lasers, 1986.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-011-6994-3

H. Kogelnik and C. V. Shank, Coupled???Wave Theory of Distributed Feedback Lasers, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.43, issue.5, pp.2327-2335, 1972.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1661499

J. Coutaz, F. Garet, E. Bonnet, A. V. Tishchenko, O. Parriaux et al., Grating Diffraction Effects in the THz Domain, Acta Physica Polonica A, vol.107, issue.1, pp.26-37, 2005.
DOI : 10.12693/APhysPolA.107.26

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/ujm-00400487

M. Van-exter, . Ch, D. Fattinger, and . Grischkowsky, High???brightness terahertz beams characterized with an ultrafast detector, Applied Physics Letters, vol.55, issue.4, pp.337-339, 1989.
DOI : 10.1063/1.101901

D. Grischkowsky, S. Keiding, M. Van-exter, and C. Fattinger, Far-infrared time-domain spectroscopy with terahertz beams of dielectrics and semiconductors, Journal of the Optical Society of America B, vol.7, issue.10, pp.2006-2015, 1990.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSAB.7.002006

E. Yablonovitch, Inhibited Spontaneous Emission in Solid-State Physics and Electronics, Physical Review Letters, vol.58, issue.20, pp.2059-2062, 1987.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.58.2059

H. Xu, E. J. Bjerneld, M. Käll, and L. Börjesson, Spectroscopy of Single Hemoglobin Molecules by Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering, Physical Review Letters, vol.83, issue.21, pp.4357-4360, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.4357

H. Xu, J. Aizpurua, M. Käll, and P. Apell, Electromagnetic contributions to single-molecule sensitivity in surface-enhanced Raman scattering, Physical Review E, vol.62, issue.3, pp.4318-4324, 2000.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.62.4318

H. Xu and M. Käll, Surface-Plasmon-Enhanced Optical Forces in Silver Nanoaggregates, Physical Review Letters, vol.89, issue.24, p.246802, 2000.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.246802

S. Nie and S. R. Emory, Probing Single Molecules and Single Nanoparticles by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering, Science, vol.275, issue.5303, pp.1102-1106, 1997.
DOI : 10.1126/science.275.5303.1102

E. J. Sánchez, L. Novotny, and X. S. Xie, Near-Field Fluorescence Microscopy Based on Two-Photon Excitation with Metal Tips, Physical Review Letters, vol.82, issue.20, pp.4014-4017, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.4014

C. Girard, O. J. Martin, and A. Dereux, Molecular Lifetime Changes Induced by Nanometer Scale Optical Fields, Physical Review Letters, vol.75, issue.17, pp.3098-3101, 1995.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.3098

L. Novotny, Single molecule fluorescence in inhomogeneous environments, Applied Physics Letters, vol.69, issue.25, pp.3806-3808, 1996.
DOI : 10.1063/1.117111

A. Rahmani, P. C. Chaumet, and F. De-fornel, Environment-induced modification of spontaneous emission:??? Single-molecule near-field probe, Physical Review A, vol.63, issue.2, p.23819, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.63.023819

L. Rogobete and C. Henkel, Spontaneous emission in a subwavelength environment characterized by boundary integral equations, Physical Review A, vol.70, issue.6, p.63815, 2004.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.70.063815

L. A. Blanco and F. J. García-de-abajo, Spontaneous light emission in complex nanostructures, Physical Review B, vol.69, issue.20, p.205414, 2004.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.205414

V. V. Klimov, M. Ducloy, and V. S. Letokhov, Spontaneous emission of an atom placed near a prolate nanospheroid, The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, vol.20, issue.1, pp.133-148, 2002.
DOI : 10.1140/epjd/e2002-00107-2

A. Neogi, C. Lee, H. O. Everitt, T. Kuroda, A. Tackeuchi et al., Enhancement of spontaneous recombination rate in a quantum well by resonant surface plasmon coupling, Physical Review B, vol.66, issue.15, p.153305, 2002.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.153305

H. Gersen, M. F. García-parajó, L. Novotny, J. A. Veerman, L. Kuipers et al., Influencing the Angular Emission of a Single Molecule, Physical Review Letters, vol.85, issue.25, pp.5312-5315, 2000.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.5312

G. H. Agarwal and C. V. Kunasz, Dipole radiation in the presence of a rough surface. Conversion of a surface-polariton field into radiation, Physical Review B, vol.26, issue.10, pp.5832-5842, 1982.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.26.5832

P. T. Leung, Z. C. Wu, D. A. Zelski, and T. F. George, Molecular lifetimes in the presence of periodically roughened metallic surfaces, Physical Review B, vol.36, issue.3, pp.1475-1479, 1987.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.36.1475

P. T. Leung and T. F. George, Energy-transfer theory for the classical decay rates of molecules at rough metallic surfaces, Physical Review B, vol.36, issue.9, pp.4664-4671, 1987.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.36.4664

P. T. Leung, Y. S. Kim, and T. F. George, Decay of molecules at corrugated thin metal films, Physical Review B, vol.39, issue.14, pp.9888-9893, 1989.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.39.9888

R. Amos and W. Barnes, Modification of spontaneous emission lifetimes in the presence of corrugated metallic surfaces, Physical Review B, vol.59, issue.11, pp.7708-7714, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.7708

T. Suzuki and P. K. Yu, Emission power of an electric dipole in the photonic band structure of the fcc lattice, Journal of the Optical Society of America B, vol.12, issue.4, pp.570-582, 1995.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSAB.12.000570

T. Suzuki and P. K. Yu, Experimental and theoretical study of dipole emission in the two-dimensional photonic band structure of the square lattice with dielectric cylinders, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.79, issue.2, pp.582-594, 1996.
DOI : 10.1063/1.360800

D. Delbeke, P. Bienstman, R. Bockstaele, and R. Baets, Rigorous electromagnetic analysis of dipole emission in periodically corrugated layers: the grating-assisted resonant-cavity light-emitting diode, Journal of the Optical Society of America A, vol.19, issue.5, pp.871-880, 2001.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSAA.19.000871

M. Borodisky, R. Vrijen, T. F. Krauss, R. Cociolli, R. Bhat et al., Spontaneous emission extraction and Purcell enhancement from thin-film 2-D photonic crystals, Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol.17, issue.11, pp.2096-2112, 1999.
DOI : 10.1109/50.803000

A. Fehrembach, S. Enoch, and A. Sentenac, Highly directive light sources using two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs, Applied Physics Letters, vol.79, issue.26, pp.4280-4282, 2001.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1427423

R. K. Lee, O. J. Painter, B. D. Urso, A. Scherer, and A. Yariv, Measurement of spontaneous emission from a two-dimensional photonic band gap defined microcavity at near-infrared wavelengths, Applied Physics Letters, vol.74, issue.11, pp.1522-1524, 1999.
DOI : 10.1063/1.123603

R. Zengerle, Light Propagation in Singly and Doubly Periodic Planar Waveguides, Journal of Modern Optics, vol.69, issue.12, pp.1589-1617, 1987.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.33.3232

T. C. Sollner, W. D. Goodhue, P. E. Tannenwald, C. D. Parker, and D. D. Peck, Resonant tunneling through quantum wells at frequencies up to 2.5 THz, Applied Physics Letters, vol.43, issue.6, pp.588-590, 1983.
DOI : 10.1063/1.94434

B. Ricco and M. Y. , Physics of resonant tunneling. The one-dimensional double-barrier case, Physical Review B, vol.29, issue.4, pp.1970-19814792, 1984.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.29.1970

A. Celsete, Etude sous champ magnétique intense du transport vertical dans les hétérojonctions à semiconducteurs III-V. thése de doctorat, CNRS-URA 74, 1990.

L. Esaki and R. Tsu, Superlattice and Negative Differential Conductivity in Semiconductors, IBM Journal of Research and Development, vol.14, issue.1, p.61, 1970.
DOI : 10.1147/rd.141.0061

L. Esaki and L. L. Chang, New Transport Phenomenon in a Semiconductor "Superlattice", Physical Review Letters, vol.33, issue.8, pp.495-498, 1974.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.33.495

P. K. Basu, Theory of Optical Processes in Semiconductors. Bulk and Microstructures, 1997.

G. H. Wannier, Wave Functions and Effective Hamiltonian for Bloch Electrons in an Electric Field, Physical Review, vol.117, issue.2, p.432, 1960.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRev.117.432

E. E. Mendez and G. Bastard, Wannier???Stark Ladders and Bloch Oscillations in Superlattices, Physics Today, vol.46, issue.6, pp.34-42, 1993.
DOI : 10.1063/1.881353

E. E. Mendez, F. Agullò-rueda, and J. M. Hong, Stark Localization in GaAs-GaAlAs Superlattices under an Electric Field, Physical Review Letters, vol.60, issue.23, pp.2426-2429, 1988.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.60.2426

P. Voisin, J. Bleuse, C. Bouche, S. Gaillard, C. Alibert et al., Observation of the Wannier-Stark Quantization in a Semiconductor Superlattice, Physical Review Letters, vol.61, issue.14, pp.1639-1642, 1988.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.61.1639

T. Dekorsy, P. Leisching, K. Köhler, and H. Kurtz, Electro-optic detection of Bloch oscillations, Physical Review B, vol.50, issue.11, pp.8106-8109, 1994.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.50.8106

R. F. Kazarinov and R. A. Suris, Possibility of the amplification of electromagnetic waves in a semiconductor with a supperlattice, Sov. Phys.-Semocond, vol.5, pp.707-709, 1971.

R. F. Kazarinov and R. A. Suris, Electric and electromagnetic properties of semiconductors with a supperlattice, Sov. Phys.-Semocond, vol.6, pp.120-131, 1972.

F. Capasso, K. Mohamed, and A. Y. Cho, Sequential resonant tunneling through a multiquantum well superlattice, Applied Physics Letters, vol.48, issue.7, pp.478-480, 1986.
DOI : 10.1063/1.97007

K. K. Choi, B. F. Levine, R. J. Malik, and C. G. Bethea, Periodic negative conductance by sequential resonant tunneling through an expanding high-field superlattice domain, Physical Review B, vol.35, issue.8, pp.4172-4175, 1987.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.35.4172

H. C. Liu, A novel superlattice infrared source, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.63, issue.8, pp.2856-2858, 1988.
DOI : 10.1063/1.340939

J. Ulrich, R. Zobl, W. Schrenk, G. Strasser, K. Unterrainer et al., Terahertz quantum cascade structures: Intra- versus interwell transition, Applied Physics Letters, vol.77, issue.13, pp.1928-1930, 2000.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1312864

P. W. Mcllroy, Effect of an electric field on electron and hole wave functions in a multiquantum well structure, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.59, issue.10, pp.3532-3536, 1986.
DOI : 10.1063/1.336772

S. Barbieri, F. Beltram, and F. Rossi, Microscopic theory of vertical-transport phenomena in semiconductor heterostructures: Interplay between two- and three-dimensional hot-carrier relaxation, Physical Review B, vol.60, issue.3, pp.1953-1963, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.1953

G. Scalari, L. Ajili, J. Faist, H. Beere, E. Linfield et al., Far-infrared (?????87?????m) bound-to-continuum quantum-cascade lasers operating up to 90 K, Applied Physics Letters, vol.82, issue.19, pp.3165-3167, 2003.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1571653

B. N. Murdin, W. Heiss, C. J. Langerak, C. S. Lee, I. Galbraith et al., As quantum wells, Direct observation of the LO phonon bottleneck in wide GaAs/Al x Ga 1?x As quantum wells, pp.5171-5176, 1997.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.55.5171

P. Harrison and R. Kelsall, Population inversion in optically pumped asymmetric quantum well terahertz lasers, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.81, issue.11, pp.7135-7140, 1997.
DOI : 10.1063/1.365310

S. M. Goodnick and P. Lugli, Effect of electron-electron scattering on nonequilibrium transport in quantum-well systems, Physical Review B, vol.37, issue.5, pp.2578-2588, 1988.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.37.2578

P. Hyldgaard and J. W. Wilkins, Electron-electron scattering in far-infrared quantum cascade lasers, Physical Review B, vol.53, issue.11, pp.6889-6892, 1996.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.53.6889

M. Hartig, S. Haacke, P. E. Selbmann, B. Devaud, R. A. Taylor et al., Efficient Intersubband Scattering via Carrier-Carrier Interaction in Quantum Wells, Physical Review Letters, vol.80, issue.9, pp.1940-1943, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.1940

J. C. Roberts, R. P. Green, L. R. Wilson, E. A. Zibik, D. G. Revin et al., Quantum cascade lasers grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy, Applied Physics Letters, vol.82, issue.24, pp.4221-4223, 2003.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1583858

L. Bernstein, Semiconductor Joining by the Solid-Liquid-Interdiffusion (SLID) Process, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, vol.113, issue.12, pp.1282-1288, 1966.
DOI : 10.1149/1.2423806

C. C. Lee, C. Y. Wang, and G. S. Matijasevic, Au-In bonding below the eutectic temperature, IEEE Transactions on Components, Hybrids, and Manufacturing Technology, vol.16, issue.3, pp.311-316, 1993.
DOI : 10.1109/33.232058

J. Kim, D. H. Lim, and G. M. Yang, Selective etching of AlGaAs/GaAs structures using the solutions of citric acid/H[sub 2]O[sub 2] and de-ionized H[sub 2]O/buffered oxide etch, Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, vol.16, issue.2, pp.558-560, 1998.
DOI : 10.1116/1.589862

R. E. Williams, Gallium Arsenide Processing Techniques, 1984.

X. S. Wu, L. A. Coldren, and J. L. Merz, Selective etching characteristics of HF for AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs, Electronics Letters, vol.21, issue.13, pp.558-559, 1985.
DOI : 10.1049/el:19850394

N. Braslau, Contact and metallization problems in GaAs integrated circuits, Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, vol.4, issue.6, pp.3085-3090, 1986.
DOI : 10.1116/1.573633

C. L. Chen, L. J. Mahoney, M. C. Finn, R. C. Brooks, A. Chu et al., ???type GaAs, Applied Physics Letters, vol.48, issue.8, pp.535-537, 1985.
DOI : 10.1063/1.96498

M. Balkanski and R. F. Wallis, Semiconductor physics and applications, 2000.

J. R. Waldrop, Schottky???barrier height of ideal metal contacts to GaAs, Applied Physics Letters, vol.44, issue.10, pp.1002-1004, 1984.
DOI : 10.1063/1.94599

R. Singh, S. K. Arora, R. Tyagi, S. K. Agarwal, and D. Kanjilal, Temperature dependence of current???voltage characteristics of Au/n-GaAs epitaxial Schottky diode, Bulletin of Materials Science, vol.69, issue.6, pp.471-474, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02903886

J. R. Waldrop and R. W. Grant, Interface chemistry of metal???GaAs Schottky???barrier contacts, Applied Physics Letters, vol.34, issue.10, pp.630-632, 1979.
DOI : 10.1063/1.90642

R. Winston, Light Collection within the Framework of Geometrical Optics*, Journal of the Optical Society of America, vol.60, issue.2, pp.245-247, 1970.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSA.60.000245

J. Darmo, V. Tamosiunas, G. Fasching, J. Kröll, K. Unterrainer et al., Imaging with a Terahertz quantum cascade laser, Optics Express, vol.12, issue.9, pp.1879-1884, 2004.
DOI : 10.1364/OPEX.12.001879

R. C. Jones, The General Theory of Bolometer Performance, Journal of the Optical Society of America, vol.43, issue.1, pp.1-14, 1952.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSA.43.000001

F. J. Low and A. R. Hoffman, The Detectivity of Cryogenic Bolometers, Applied Optics, vol.2, issue.6, pp.649-650, 1962.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.2.000649

M. Sergent-rozey, N. Lacome, and A. Levy, Argon and nitrogen broadening in the pure rotational spectrum of HCl, Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy, vol.120, issue.2, pp.403-413, 1986.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-2852(86)90013-5

M. Sergent-rozey, I. Nguyen-van-thanh, N. Rossi, A. Lacome, and . Levy, Collisional broadening and line intensities in the pure rotational spectrum of PH3, Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy, vol.131, issue.1, pp.66-76, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-2852(88)90107-5

S. S. Dhillon, Terahertz intersubband electroluminescence from quantum cascade heterostructures, 2001.