C. Cornic, Réalisation par gravure RIBE de guides optiques en polyimide. Contribution à leur caractérisation dans un modulateur électrooptique, 2003.

P. E. Shames, P. C. Sun, and Y. Fainman, Modeling of Scattering and Depolarizing Electro-Optic Devices I Characterization of Lanthanum-Modified Lead Zirconate Titanate, Applied Optics, vol.37, issue.17, pp.3717-3725, 1998.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.37.003717

K. Nashimoto, PLZT thin film optical waveguides and devices. www.nozomiphotonics .com, 2003.
DOI : 10.1109/isaf.2002.1195886

K. Wasa, Thin film technology as a material engineering, pp.1-18, 2001.

B. G. Potter, M. B. Sinclair, and D. Dimos, thin films by waveguide refractometry, Applied Physics Letters, vol.63, issue.16, pp.2180-2182, 1993.
DOI : 10.1063/1.110576

P. E. Shames, P. C. Sun, and Y. Fainman, Modeling of scattering and depolarizing electro-optic devices II Device simulation, Applied Optics, vol.37, issue.17, pp.3726-3734, 1998.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.37.003726

E. Dogheche and D. Rèmiens, thin films waveguide structures for integrated optics applications, Integrated Ferroelectrics, vol.25, issue.1-4, pp.99-111, 1999.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.23.002187

A. Sternberg, Transparent ferroelectric ceramics: Properties and applications, Ferroelectrics, vol.24, issue.1, pp.53-67, 1989.
DOI : 10.1143/JJAP.24.177

C. Urlacher, O. Marty, J. C. Plenet, J. Serughetti, and J. Mugnier, Structural and microstructural analyses of sol-gel lead titanate optical planar waveguides, Thin Solid Films, vol.349, issue.1-2, pp.61-66, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0040-6090(99)00188-1

C. E. Land, M. A. Butler, and S. J. Martin, New devices using ferroelectric thin films, International Technical Digest on Electron Devices Meeting, pp.114-119, 2002.
DOI : 10.1109/IEDM.1989.74272

F. Jona and G. Shirane, Ferroelectric cristals, 1962.

E. A. Little, Dynamic Behavior of Domain Walls in Barium Titanate, Physical Review, vol.98, issue.4, pp.978-984, 1955.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRev.98.978

G. Haertling, Hot pressed ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate ceramics for electro-optical applications, Ceramic Bulletin, vol.49, pp.564-567, 1970.

D. Dausch and G. Haertling, The domain switching and structural characteristics of PLZT bulk ceramics and thin films chemically prepared from the same acetate precursor solutions, Journal of Materials Science, vol.71, issue.13, pp.3409-3417, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00360742

A. Sternberg, Transparent ferroelectric ceramics???recent trends and status QUO, Ferroelectrics, vol.109, issue.1, pp.13-23, 1992.
DOI : 10.1080/00150198908211272

P. D. Thacher, Refractive index and surface layers of ceramic (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O_3 compounds, Applied Optics, vol.16, issue.12, pp.3210-3213, 1977.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.16.003210

A. C. Adams, D. P. Schinke, and C. D. Capio, An evaluation of the prism coupler for measuring the thickness and refractive index of dielectric films on silion substrates, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, vol.126, issue.9, 1979.

E. Dogheche and D. Rèmiens, Deposition and optical characterization of lead -based ferroelectric films for integrated optics, Integrated Ferroelectrics, vol.13, issue.1-4, pp.71-82, 1999.
DOI : 10.1080/10584589508013580

C. V. Vasant-kumar, M. Sayer, R. Pascual, D. T. Amm, Z. Wu et al., Lead zirconate titanate films by rapid thermal processing, Applied Physics Letters, issue.11, pp.581161-1163, 1991.

V. Ya, N. Shur, . Yu, N. A. Ponomarev, S. D. Tonkacheva et al., Fatigue in epitaxial lead zirconate titanate films, Physics of the Solid State, vol.39, issue.4, pp.609-610, 1997.

C. M. Foster, G. Bai, R. Csenesits, J. Vetrone, R. Jammy et al., Single-crystal Pb(ZrxTi1???x)O3 thin films prepared by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition: Systematic compositional variation of electronic and optical properties, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.81, issue.5, pp.2349-2357, 1997.
DOI : 10.1063/1.364239

J. R. Busch, S. D. Ramamurthi, S. L. Swartz, and V. E. Wood, Linear electro-optic response in sol-gel PZT planar waveguides, Electronics Letters, vol.28, issue.17, pp.1591-1592, 1992.
DOI : 10.1049/el:19921013

G. Yi, Z. Wu, and M. Sayer, thin films by sol gel processing: Electrical, optical, and electro???optic properties, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.64, issue.5, pp.2717-2724, 1988.
DOI : 10.1063/1.341613

P. R. Coffman and S. K. Dey, Structure evolution in the PbO-ZrO2-TiO2 sol-gel system: Part I ? Characterization of prehydrolyzed precursors, Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, vol.89, issue.14, pp.251-265, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00486168

R. W. Vest and J. Xu, Preparation and properties of PLZT films from metallo-organic precursors, Ferroelectrics, vol.7, issue.1, pp.21-29, 1989.
DOI : 10.1109/T-ED.1969.16791

R. W. Schwartz, Chemical Solution Deposition of Perovskite Thin Films, Chemistry of Materials, vol.9, issue.11, pp.2325-2340, 1997.
DOI : 10.1021/cm970286f

R. Seveno, Réalisation et Caractérisation de couches minces ferroélectriques et antiferroélectriques de PZT, 2000.

P. Limousin, Contributions à l'étude des propriétés dynamiques des films minces ferroélectriques de P b(Zr x T i 1?x )O 3 réalisés par voie chimique, 2001.

R. D. Klissurka, K. G. Brooks, and N. Setter, Effect of dopants on the crystallization mechanism of PZT thin films, Ferroelectrics, vol.225, issue.1, pp.327-334, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/0079-6786(83)90001-8

R. Seveno, P. Limousin, D. Averty, J. Chartier, R. L. Bihan et al., Preparation of multi-coating PZT thick films by sol???gel method onto stainless steel substrates, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, vol.20, issue.12, pp.2025-2028, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0955-2219(00)00095-9

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01511963

B. Jaffe, W. R. Cook, and H. Jaffe, Piezoelectric Ceramics, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, vol.36, issue.11, 1971.
DOI : 10.1143/JPSJ.7.333

F. Sanchez, Optiques non-linéaire. Ellipses, pp.2-7298, 1999.

G. Teowee, J. T. Simpson, T. Zao, M. Mansuripur, J. M. Boulton et al., Electro-optic properties of sol-gel derived PZT and PLZT thin films, Microelectronic Engineering, vol.29, issue.1-4, pp.327-330, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0167-9317(95)00171-9

G. Haertling, Dielectric and electrooptic properties of acetate derived plzt x/65/35 thin films. Proceeding of The 4th Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics, pp.426-435, 1992.

H. Adachi and K. Wasa, Sputtering preparation of ferroelectric PLZT thin films and their optical applications, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, vol.38, issue.6, pp.645-655, 1991.
DOI : 10.1109/58.108865

S. Saito, Fine Ceramics, Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, vol.111, issue.4, 1988.
DOI : 10.1115/1.3226496

T. Kawaguchi, H. Adachi, K. Setsune, O. Yamazaki, and K. Wasa, PLZT thin-film waveguides, Applied Optics, vol.23, issue.13, pp.2187-2191, 1984.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.23.002187

J. Salvestrini, Composants et dispositifs électro-optiques : Qualification, instrumentation et mides en oeuvre, 2003.

A. Yariv and P. Yeh, Optical Waves in Cristal : Propagation and Control of Laser Radiation, 1983.

J. P. Perez, Electromagnétisme : Fondements et applications, 2001.

B. Agius and M. Froment, Surfaces interfaces et films minces, observation et analyse, Bordas, 1990.

J. Frigerio, Caractérisation optique des couches minces et des cristaux massifs (spectrophotométrie et ellipsométrie spectroscopique) Les Houches 23, 2001.

R. Ulrich and R. Torge, Measurement of Thin Film Parameters with a Prism Coupler, Applied Optics, vol.12, issue.12, pp.2901-2908, 1973.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.12.002901

P. K. Tien, Light Waves in Thin Films and Integrated Optics, Applied Optics, vol.10, issue.11, pp.2395-2413, 1971.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.10.002395

P. K. Tien, R. Ulrich, and R. J. Martin, MODES OF PROPAGATING LIGHT WAVES IN THIN DEPOSITED SEMICONDUCTOR FILMS, Applied Physics Letters, vol.14, issue.9, pp.291-294, 1969.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1652820

P. K. Tien and R. Ulrich, Theory of Prism???Film Coupler and Thin-Film Light Guides, Journal of the Optical Society of America, vol.60, issue.10, pp.1325-1337, 1970.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSA.60.001325

R. Ulrich, Theory of the Prism???Film Coupler by Plane-Wave Analysis, Journal of the Optical Society of America, vol.60, issue.10, pp.1337-1350, 1970.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSA.60.001337

R. T. Kersten, The prism-film coupler as a precision intrument Part I. Accuracy and capabilities of prism couplers as intruments, Optica acta, vol.22, pp.503-513, 1975.

R. T. Kersten, A new method for measuring refractive index and thickness of liquid and deposited solid thin films, Optics Communications, vol.13, issue.3, pp.327-329, 1975.
DOI : 10.1016/0030-4018(75)90112-1

R. Petit and M. Cadilhac, Electromagnetic theory of prism coupler (tutorial approach), Journal of Optics, vol.8, issue.1, pp.41-49, 1977.
DOI : 10.1088/0150-536X/8/1/005

B. E. Saleh and M. C. Teich, Fundamentals of Photonics, 1991.

J. C. Manifacier, J. Gasiot, and J. P. Fillard, A simple method for the determination of the optical constants n, k and the thickness of a weakly absorbing thin film, Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments, vol.9, issue.11, pp.1002-1004, 1976.
DOI : 10.1088/0022-3735/9/11/032

R. Swanepoel, Determination of the thickness and optical constants of amorphous silicon, Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments, vol.16, issue.12, pp.1214-1222, 1983.
DOI : 10.1088/0022-3735/16/12/023

E. Pelletier, F. Flory, and Y. Hu, Optical characterization of thin films by guided waves, Applied Optics, vol.28, issue.14, pp.2918-2924, 1989.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.28.002918

P. Mathey and P. Jullien, Numerical analysis of a WKB inverse method in view of index profile reconstruction in diffused waveguides, Optics Communications, vol.122, issue.4-6, pp.127-134, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0030-4018(95)00374-6

A. Boudrioua, Réalisation d'un banc de mesure des coefficients électro-optiques d'un guide d'onde planaire par lignes noires. Application à un cristal de LiNbO 3 implanté par des protons, 1996.

J. A. Nelder and R. Mead, A Simplex Method for Function Minimization, The Computer Journal, vol.7, issue.4, pp.308-313, 1965.
DOI : 10.1093/comjnl/7.4.308

D. P. Birnie, Coating quality and spin coating. www.mse.arizona, 2003.

A. Groisman and E. Kaplan, An Experimental Study of Cracking Induced by Desiccation, Europhysics Letters (EPL), vol.25, issue.6, pp.415-420, 1994.
DOI : 10.1209/0295-5075/25/6/004

H. Watanabe, T. Mihara, and C. A. Paz-de-araujo, Fatigue Properties of pzt Thin Films Prepared by Sol-Gel Method, Ferroelectrics, vol.1, pp.298-1992

R. A. Miller and J. J. Bernstein, A novel wet etch for patterning lead zirconate-titanate (PZT) thin-films, Integrated Ferroelectrics, vol.29, issue.3-4, pp.225-231, 2000.
DOI : 10.1063/1.124157

L. Godet, Etude de la photolithogravure sur PZT pour la réalisation d'un guide d'onde, 2002.

C. H. Peng, J. Chang, and S. B. Desu, Optical Properties of PZT, PLZT, and PNZT Thin Films, Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 1992.
DOI : 10.1002/pssb.2221240222