E. Le-détail-de-chaque-plan-est-donné-en-annexe, Le RSB moyen sur les sections était en moyenne de 36 correspondant à une erreur moyenne sur la vitesse de 3, pp.5-6

A. Vignaud, X. Maitre, G. Guillot, E. Durand, L. De-rochefort et al., Magnetic susceptibility matching at the air-tissue interface in rat lung by using a superparamagnetic intravascular contrast agent: Influence on transverse relaxation time of hyperpolarized helium-3, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.15, issue.1
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.20576

R. Fodil, C. Croce, B. Louis, A. Coste, J. Blondeau et al., Simulateur morphofonctionnel des voies a??riennes sup??rieures et proximales, ITBM-RBM, vol.26, issue.1, pp.72-77, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rbmret.2004.11.006

L. De-rochefort, X. Maitre, J. Bittoun, and E. Durand, Velocity-selective RF pulses in MRI, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.178, issue.1, pp.171-176, 2006.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.20751

L. De-rochefort, X. Maître, R. Fodil, L. Vial, B. Louis et al., Phase contrast velocimetry with hyperpolarized helium-3 for in vitro and in vivo characterization of airflow

L. Vial, L. De-rochefort, R. Fodil, X. Maître, B. Louis et al., In vitro validation of CFD simulation in human proximal airways reconstructed from medical images with hyperpolarized helium-3 MRI phase contrast velocimetry

L. De-rochefort, F. Peyrin, and G. Guillot, Automatic match of identical ROIs on trabecular bone images from MR and X-ray tomography microimages, ESMRMB 19th Annual Meeting, p.453, 2002.

G. Guillot, A. Vignaud, L. De-rochefort, E. Durand, L. Darrasse et al., Influence of lung filling on hyperpolarised 3He transverse relaxation in rat lungs, ESMRMB 20th Annual Meeting, 2003.

G. Guillot, E. Brief, A. Vignaud, L. De-rochefort, X. Maître et al., IRM de ventilation pulmonaire avec l'3He hyperpolarisé: champ magnétique de 0, 2003.

A. Vignaud, E. Brief, X. Maître, L. De-rochefort, E. Durand et al., T2CPMG pour l'hélium-3 hyperpolarisé dans le poumon humain à 1, GRAMM, 2003.

A. Vignaud, E. Brief, X. Maître, L. De-rochefort, E. Durand et al., T2 CPMG in human lungs with hyperpolarised Helium-3 at 0.1T and 1.5T: sensitivity to lung filling conditions, ISMRM 11th Scientific Meeting, 2003.

L. Darrasse, L. De-rochefort, E. Durand, G. Guillot, and X. Maître, The question of contrast mechanism and optimal magnetic field strength in 3 He lung MRI. Polarized Helium to Image the Lung, final meeting, 2004.

L. De-rochefort, E. Durand, X. Maître, J. Bittoun, L. De-rochefort et al., Velocity-slice selection Influence of lung filling on T*2 values in human at 1.5 T with hyperpolarised 3He Velocity-slice selection, vitro and in vivo velocity maps and air flow with hyperpolarized helium-3. ESMRMB 21st Annual Meeting, p.445, 2004.

R. Fodil, L. De-rochefort, L. Vial, C. Croce, D. Perchet et al., Coupling experimental measurements and computational modelling of airflow using physical and numerical 3D-reconstructions of realistic human airway geometry, Experimental and Computational Biofluid Mechanics (EUROMECH Colloquium N° 456, 2004.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00273549

G. Guillot, A. Vignaud, L. De-rochefort, X. Maître, and E. Durand, Self-similarity of CPMG decay curves for hyperpolarised helium-3 in rat lungs, ESMRMB 21st Annual Meeting, p.661, 2004.

G. Guillot, A. Vignaud, L. De-rochefort, X. Maître, D. E. Guillot et al., Analysis of CPMG decay curves for hyperpolarised helium-3 in lungs: susceptibility contrast and lung space geometry Magnetic susceptibility matching at the air tissue interface in rat lung using hyperpolarized gas and super paramagnetic contrast agent, Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Recent Advances in MR Applications to Porous Media, 2004.

C. Journée-de-la-recherche-du, L. Paris-sud-le-kremlin-bicêtre-de-rochefort, X. Maître, R. Fodil, B. Louis et al., Cartographie dynamique des vitesses d'un gaz en écoulement dans les voies aériennes : mesures in vitro et in vivo par IRM de l'helium-3 hyperpolarisé, Helium-3 phase-contrast velocimetry on a human airway model for validation of computational fluid dynamic simulation. ISMRM 14th Scientific Meeting, 2005.

D. Habib, D. Grebenkov, X. Maître, L. De-rochefort, E. Durand et al., Experimental study of gas diffusion in a pulmonary acinus model, ISMRM 14th Scientific Meeting, 2006.

X. Maître, O. Girard, L. De-rochefort, C. Halawani, E. Durand et al., Parallel Phase-Encoded images with hyperpolarized gas, ISMRM 14th Scientific Meeting, 2006.

B. 1. Purcell, E. Torrey, H. Pound, and R. , Resonance Absorption by Nuclear Magnetic Moments in a Solid, Physical Review, vol.69, issue.1-2, pp.37-38, 1946.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRev.69.37

P. Lauterbur, Image Formation by Induced Local Interactions: Examples Employing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Nature, vol.178, issue.5394, pp.190-191, 1973.
DOI : 10.1038/242190a0

A. Kumar, D. Welti, and R. Ernst, NMR Fourier zeugmatography, J Magn Reson, vol.18, issue.1, pp.69-83, 1975.

P. Mansfield and A. Maudsley, Planar spin imaging by NMR, J Magn Reson, vol.27, issue.1, pp.101-119, 1977.

J. Flowers, B. Petley, and M. Richards, A Measurement of the Nuclear Magnetic Moment of the Helium-3 Atom in Terms of that of the Proton, Metrologia, vol.30, issue.2, pp.75-87, 1993.
DOI : 10.1088/0026-1394/30/2/004

S. A. Ljunggren, A simple graphical representation of fourier-based imaging methods, Journal of Magnetic Resonance (1969), vol.54, issue.2, pp.338-343, 1983.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-2364(83)90060-4

E. Haacke, R. Brown, M. Thompson, and R. Venkatesan, A Closer Look at Radiofrequency Pulses, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Physical Principles And Sequence Design, pp.381-419, 1999.

D. Peters, F. Korosec, T. Grist, W. Block, J. Holden et al., Undersampled projection reconstruction applied to MR angiography, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.40, issue.1, pp.91-101, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(200001)43:1<91::AID-MRM11>3.0.CO;2-4

D. Peters, P. Rohatgi, R. Botnar, S. Yeon, K. Kissinger et al., Characterizing radial undersampling artifacts for cardiac applications, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.51, issue.2, pp.396-403, 2006.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.20782

V. Rasche, R. De-boer, D. Holz, and R. Proksa, Continuous radial data acquisition for dynamic MRI, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.150, issue.5, pp.754-761, 1995.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.1910340515

R. Lethmate, H. Ratiney, F. Wajer, Y. Cremillieux, D. Van-ormondt et al., Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging with radial scanning: a post-acquisition keyhole approach, MAGMA Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine, vol.16, issue.1, pp.21-28, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/s10334-003-0003-y

J. Tsao, P. Boesiger, and K. Pruessmann, Lattice permutation for reducing motion artifacts in radial and spiral dynamic imaging, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.45, issue.1, pp.116-125, 2006.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.20743

H. Song, L. Dougherty, and M. Schnall, Simultaneous acquisition of multiple resolution images for dynamic contrast enhanced imaging of the breast, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.41, issue.3, pp.503-509, 2001.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.1220

J. Jackson, C. Meyer, D. Nishimura, and A. Macovski, Selection of a convolution function for Fourier inversion using gridding (computerised tomography application), IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol.10, issue.3, pp.473-478, 1991.
DOI : 10.1109/42.97598

R. Lethmate, Novel Radial Scan Strategies and Image Reconstruction in MRI, 2001.

E. Haacke, R. Brown, M. Thompson, and R. Venkatesan, Introductory Signal Acquisition Methods: Free Induction Decay, Spin Echoes, Invertion Recovery and Spectroscopy, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Physical Principles And Sequence Design, pp.111-137, 1999.

E. Hahn, Spin Echoes, Physical Review, vol.80, issue.4, pp.580-594, 1950.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRev.80.580

H. Carr and E. Purcell, Effects of Diffusion on Free Precession in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Experiments, Physical Review, vol.94, issue.3, pp.630-638, 1954.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRev.94.630

S. Meiboom and D. Gill, Modified Spin???Echo Method for Measuring Nuclear Relaxation Times, Review of Scientific Instruments, vol.29, issue.8, pp.688-691, 1958.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1716296

H. Torrey, Bloch Equations with Diffusion Terms, Physical Review, vol.104, issue.3, pp.563-565, 1956.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRev.104.563

P. Callaghan and C. Eccles, Diffusion-limited resolution in nuclear magnetic resonance microscopy, Journal of Magnetic Resonance (1969), vol.78, issue.1, pp.1-8, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-2364(88)90151-5

D. Hoult and P. Lauterbur, The sensitivity of the zeugmatographic experiment involving human samples, Journal of Magnetic Resonance (1969), vol.34, issue.2, pp.425-433, 1979.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-2364(79)90019-2

E. Durand, Mise en oeuvre de l'imagerie par résonance magnétique du noyau d'hélium, p.3

J. Ginefri, Antenne de surface supraconductrice miniature pour l'imagerie RMN à 1,5 T [Thèse de doctorat]. Orsay: Paris-Sud, 1999.

D. Hoult, C. Chen, and V. Sank, The field dependence of NMR imaging. II. Arguments concerning an optimal field strength, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.56, issue.5, pp.730-746, 1986.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.1910030509

C. Chen, V. Sank, S. Cohen, and D. Hoult, The field dependence of NMR imaging. I. Laboratory assessment of signal-to-noise ratio and power deposition, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.37, issue.5, pp.722-729, 1986.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.1910030508

M. Poirier-quinot, Microscopie locale par résonance magnétique chez l'homme et le petit animal à l'aide d'antennes miniatures en cuivre ou en céramique supraconductrice, Thèse de Doctorat, 2004.

A. Vignaud, Influence de l'intensité du champ magnétique sur l'imagerie RMN des poumons à l'aide d'hélium-3, 2003.

D. Hoult and R. Richards, The signal-to-noise ratio of the nuclear magnetic resonance experiment, J Magn Reson, vol.24, issue.1, pp.71-85, 1976.

H. Ott, Active device noise Noise reduction techniques in electronic systems, pp.214-244, 1976.

A. Andersen, On the Rician distribution of noisy MRI data, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.11, issue.2, pp.331-332, 1996.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.1910360222

F. Stahlberg, A. Ericsson, B. Nordell, C. Thomsen, O. Henriksen et al., MR Imaging, Flow and Motion, Acta Radiologica, vol.33, issue.3, pp.179-200, 1992.
DOI : 10.3109/02841859209173160

M. Mcnamara and C. Higgins, Cardiovascular applications of magnetic resonance imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, vol.2, issue.3, pp.167-183, 1984.
DOI : 10.1016/0730-725X(84)90002-X

R. Ehman, M. Mcnamara, M. Pallack, H. Hricak, and C. Higgins, Magnetic resonance imaging with respiratory gating: techniques and advantages, American Journal of Roentgenology, vol.143, issue.6, pp.1175-1182, 1984.
DOI : 10.2214/ajr.143.6.1175

W. Kerwin and J. Prince, A k-Space Analysis of MR Tagging, Journal of Magnetic Resonance, vol.142, issue.2, pp.313-322, 2000.
DOI : 10.1006/jmre.1999.1946

A. Hoydu, P. Bergey, and J. Haselgrove, A MRI bolus tagging method for observing helical flow in the descending aorta, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.43, issue.6, pp.794-800, 1994.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.1910320617

H. Carr, Steady-State Free Precession in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Physical Review, vol.112, issue.5, pp.1693-1701, 1958.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRev.112.1693

D. Nishimura, A. Macovski, and J. Pauly, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol.5, issue.3, p.140, 1986.
DOI : 10.1109/TMI.1986.4307763

T. Nagele, U. Klose, W. Grodd, D. Petersen, and J. Tintera, The effects of linearly increasing flip angles on 3D inflow MR angiography, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.29, issue.5, pp.561-566, 1994.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.1910310515

J. Gao, S. Holland, and J. Gore, Nuclear magnetic resonance signal from flowing nuclei in rapid imaging using gradient echoes, Medical Physics, vol.15, issue.6, pp.809-814, 1988.
DOI : 10.1118/1.596197

P. Moran, A flow velocity zeugmatographic interlace for NMR imaging in humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, vol.1, issue.4, pp.197-203, 1983.
DOI : 10.1016/0730-725X(82)90170-9

R. Frayne and B. Rutt, Measurement of fluid-shear rate by fourier-encoded velocity imaging, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.31, issue.3, pp.378-387, 1995.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.1910340315

R. Wendt, W. Nitz, P. Murphy, and R. Bryan, Characterization of fluid flow using low-spatial-resolution velocity spectra from NMR images, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.6, issue.1, pp.71-88, 1989.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.1910100107

D. Feinberg, L. Crooks, P. Sheldon, J. Hoenniger, J. Watts et al., Magnetic Resonance Imaging the Velocity Vector Components of Fluid Flow, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.5, issue.6, pp.555-566, 1985.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.1910020606

N. Pelc, M. Bernstein, A. Shimakawa, and G. Glover, Encoding strategies for three-direction phase-contrast MR imaging of flow, Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, vol.12, issue.4, pp.405-413, 1991.
DOI : 10.1002/jmri.1880010404

J. Tasu, O. Jolivet, E. Mousseaux, A. Delouche, B. Diebold et al., Acceleration mapping by fourier acceleration-encoding:in vitro study and initial results in the great thoracic vessels, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.106, issue.1, pp.110-116, 1997.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.1910380116

C. Dumoulin, 5469059 Method for the simultaneous detection of acceleration and velocity distribution in moving fluids, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, vol.14, issue.5, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/S0730-725X(96)90022-3

E. Durand, O. Jolivet, E. Itti, J. Tasu, and J. Bittoun, Precision of magnetic resonance velocity and acceleration measurements: Theoretical issues and phantom experiments, Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, vol.5, issue.3, pp.445-451, 2001.
DOI : 10.1002/jmri.1064

B. Nordell, F. Stahlberg, A. Ericsson, and C. Ranta, A rotating phantom for the study of flow effects in MR imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, vol.6, issue.6, pp.695-705, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0730-725X(88)90094-X

S. Weston, N. Wood, G. Tabor, A. Gosman, and D. Firmin, Combined MRI and CFD analysis of fully developed steady and pulsatile laminar flow through a bend, Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, vol.118, issue.5, pp.1158-1171, 1998.
DOI : 10.1002/jmri.1880080523

F. Glor, J. Westenberg, J. Vierendeels, M. Danilouchkine, and P. Verdonck, Validation of the Coupling of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Velocity Measurements with Computational Fluid Dynamics in a U Bend, Artificial Organs, vol.2, issue.7, pp.622-635, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0021-9290(99)00164-5

F. Box, M. Rutten, M. Van-buchem, J. Doornbos, R. Van-der-geest et al., Quantitative Methods for Comparisons between Velocity Encoded MR-Measurements and Finite Element Modeling in Phantom Models, Computational Science-Iccs Pt Iii, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol.2331, pp.255-264, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-47789-6_27

T. Conturo and G. Smith, Signal-to-noise in phase angle reconstruction: Dynamic range extension using phase reference offsets, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.6, issue.3, pp.420-437, 1990.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.1910150308

M. Bernstein, X. Zhou, J. Polzin, K. King, A. Ganin et al., Concomitant gradient terms in phase contrast MR: Analysis and correction, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.29, issue.2, pp.300-308, 1998.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.1910390218

M. Markl, R. Bammer, M. Alley, C. Elkins, M. Draney et al., Generalized reconstruction of phase contrast MRI: Analysis and correction of the effect of gradient field distortions, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.32, issue.4, pp.791-801, 2003.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.10582

D. Norris and J. Hutchison, Concomitant magnetic field gradients and their effects on imaging at low magnetic field strengths, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, vol.8, issue.1, pp.33-34, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0730-725X(90)90209-K

Y. Du, D. Parker, W. Davis, and G. Cao, Reduction of partial-volume artifacts with zero-filled interpolation in three-dimensional MR angiography, Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, vol.17, issue.5, pp.733-741, 1994.
DOI : 10.1002/jmri.1880040517

R. Wolf, R. Ehman, S. Riederer, and P. Rossman, Analysis of systematic and random error in MR volumetric flow measurements, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.15, issue.1, pp.82-91, 1993.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.1910300113

P. Bachert, L. Schad, M. Bock, M. Knopp, M. Ebert et al., Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of airways in humans with use of hyperpolarized3He, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.52, issue.2, pp.192-196, 1996.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.1910360204

M. Slaman and R. Aziz, Accurate transport properties and second virial coefficients for helium based on a state-of-the art interatomic potential, International Journal of Thermophysics, vol.22, issue.5, pp.837-854, 1991.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00502410

C. Bidinosti, J. Choukeife, P. Nacher, and G. Tastevin, In vivo NMR of hyperpolarized 3He in the human lung at very low magnetic fields, Journal of Magnetic Resonance, vol.162, issue.1, pp.122-132, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1090-7807(02)00198-2
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00001616

D. Lide, Handbook of chemistry and physics, Lide DR, 2004.

F. Colegrove, L. Schearer, and G. Walters, Gas by Optical Pumping, Physical Review, vol.132, issue.6, pp.2561-2572, 1963.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRev.132.2561

W. Happer, E. Miron, S. Schaefer, D. Schreiber, W. Vanwijngaarden et al., Polarization of the nuclear spins of noble-gas atoms by spin exchange with optically pumped alkali-metal atoms, Physical Review A, vol.29, issue.6, pp.3092-3110, 1984.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.29.3092

P. Nacher and M. Leduc, Optical pumping in 3He with a laser, Journal de Physique, vol.46, issue.12, pp.2057-2073, 1985.
DOI : 10.1051/jphys:0198500460120205700
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/jpa-00210154

J. Choukeife, X. Maître, G. T. Nacher, and P. , On-site production of hyperpolarised helium-3 gas for lung MRI, ISMRM 11th Scientific Meeting, 1391.

P. Nacher, G. Tastevin, X. Maître, X. Dollat, B. Lemaire et al., A peristaltic compressor for hyperpolarized helium june; International workshop: Hyperpolarized gases in magnetic resonance: biomedical investigations and clinical applications, 199921.

L. Zhao, R. Mulkern, C. Tseng, D. Williamson, S. Patz et al., Gradient-Echo Imaging Considerations for Hyperpolarized129Xe MR, Journal of Magnetic Resonance, Series B, vol.113, issue.2, pp.179-183, 1996.
DOI : 10.1006/jmrb.1996.0173

W. Heil, H. Humblot, E. Otten, M. Schafer, R. Sarkau et al., Very long nuclear relaxation times of spin polarized helium 3 in metal coated cells, Physics Letters A, vol.201, issue.4, pp.337-343, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0375-9601(95)00243-V

A. Deninger, B. Eberle, M. Ebert, T. Grossmann, W. Heil et al., Quantification of Regional Intrapulmonary Oxygen Partial Pressure Evolution during Apnea by 3He MRI, Journal of Magnetic Resonance, vol.141, issue.2, pp.207-216, 1999.
DOI : 10.1006/jmre.1999.1902

N. Newbury, A. Barton, G. Cates, W. Happer, and H. Middleton, He magnetic dipolar spin relaxation, Physical Review A, vol.48, issue.6, pp.4411-4420, 1993.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.48.4411

X. Chen, H. Moller, M. Chawla, G. Cofer, B. Driehuys et al., Spatially resolved measurements of hyperpolarized gas properties in the lung in vivo. Part I: Diffusion coefficient, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.274, issue.4, pp.721-728, 1999.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199910)42:4<721::AID-MRM14>3.0.CO;2-D

M. Bock, SimultaneousT2* and diffusion measurements with3He, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.19, issue.6, pp.890-895, 1997.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.1910380607

M. Salerno, J. Brookeman, E. De-lange, and I. Mugler, Hyperpolarized 3He Spial Lung Imaging at High and Low Field Strengths (1.5 T and 0.54 T): A Study of Susceptibility and Off-Resonance Effects, ISMRM, 2002.

M. Ebert, T. Grossmann, W. Heil, E. Otten, R. Surkau et al., Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging with hyperpolarised helium-3, The Lancet, vol.347, issue.9011, pp.1297-1299, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)90940-X

S. Samee, T. Altes, P. Powers, E. De-lange, J. Knight-scott et al., Imaging the lungs in asthmatic patients by using hyperpolarized helium-3 magnetic resonance: Assessment of response to methacholine and exercise challenge Functional MRI of the lung using hyperpolarized 3-helium gas, J Allerg Clin Immuno J Magn Reson Imaging, vol.11120, issue.34, pp.1205-1211540, 2003.

H. Kauczor, K. Markstaller, M. Puderbach, J. Lill, B. Eberle et al., Volumetry of Ventilated Airspaces by 3He MRI, Investigative Radiology, vol.36, issue.2, pp.110-114, 2001.
DOI : 10.1097/00004424-200102000-00007

N. Woodhouse, J. Wild, M. Paley, S. Fichele, Z. Said et al., Combined helium-3/proton magnetic resonance imaging measurement of ventilated lung volumes in smokers compared to never-smokers, Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, vol.212, issue.4, pp.365-369, 2005.
DOI : 10.1002/jmri.20290

X. Chen, H. Moller, M. Chawla, G. Cofer, B. Driehuys et al., Spatially resolved measurements of hyperpolarized gas properties in the lung in vivo. Part II:T?2, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.21, issue.4, pp.729-737, 1999.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199910)42:4<729::AID-MRM15>3.0.CO;2-2

B. Saam, D. Yablonskiy, V. Kodibagkar, J. Leawoods, D. Gierada et al., MR imaging of diffusion of3He gas in healthy and diseased lungs, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.8, issue.2, pp.174-179, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/1522-2594(200008)44:2<174::AID-MRM2>3.0.CO;2-4

S. Fichele, N. Woodhouse, A. Swift, Z. Said, M. Paley et al., MRI of helium-3 gas in healthy lungs: Posture related variations of alveolar size, Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, vol.161, issue.2, pp.331-335, 2004.
DOI : 10.1002/jmri.20104

D. Yablonskiy, A. Sukstanskii, J. Leawoods, D. Gierada, G. Bretthorst et al., Quantitative in vivo assessment of lung microstructure at the alveolar level with hyperpolarized 3He diffusion MRI, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.117, issue.18, pp.3111-3116, 2002.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.96.18.10422

G. Johnson, G. Cates, X. Chen, G. Cofer, B. Driehuys et al., Dynamics of magnetization in hyperpolarized gas MRI of the lung, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.26, issue.1, pp.66-71, 1997.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.1910380111

H. Moller, X. Chen, M. Chawla, B. Driehuys, L. Hedlund et al., Signal Dynamics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Lung with Hyperpolarized Noble Gases, Journal of Magnetic Resonance, vol.135, issue.1, pp.133-143, 1998.
DOI : 10.1006/jmre.1998.1563

X. Chen, M. Chawla, L. Hedlund, H. Moller, J. Macfall et al., MR microscopy of lung airways with hyperpolarized3He, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.113, issue.1, pp.79-84, 1998.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.1910390113

A. Tooker, K. Hong, E. Mckinstry, P. Costello, F. Jolesz et al., He MR Imaging???Feasibility, Radiology, vol.227, issue.2, pp.575-579, 2003.
DOI : 10.1148/radiol.2272012146

M. Viallon, G. Cofer, S. Suddarth, H. Moller, X. Chen et al., Functional MR microscopy of the lung using hyperpolarized 3He, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.41, issue.4, pp.787-792, 1999.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199904)41:4<787::AID-MRM18>3.3.CO;2-W

M. Viallon, Y. Berthezene, V. Callot, M. Bourgeois, H. Humblot et al., Dynamic imaging of hyperpolarized3He distribution in rat lungs using interleaved-spiral scans, NMR in Biomedicine, vol.135, issue.1, pp.207-213, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/1099-1492(200006)13:4<207::AID-NBM641>3.0.CO;2-G

B. Saam, D. Yablonskiy, D. Gierada, and M. Conradi, Rapid imaging of hyperpolarized gas using EPI, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.9, issue.3, pp.507-514, 1999.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199909)42:3<507::AID-MRM13>3.0.CO;2-U

M. Salerno, T. Altes, J. Brookeman, E. De-lange, and J. Mugler, Dynamic spiral MRI of pulmonary gas flow using hyperpolarized3He: Preliminary studies in healthy and diseased lungs, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.41, issue.4, pp.667-677, 2001.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.1244

J. Wild, M. Paley, L. Kasuboski, A. Swift, S. Fichele et al., Dynamic radial projection MRI of inhaled hyperpolarized3He gas, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.38, issue.6, pp.991-997, 2003.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.10477

B. Chen and G. Johnson, Dynamic lung morphology of methacholine-induced heterogeneous bronchoconstriction, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.78, issue.5, pp.1080-1086, 2004.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.20251

T. Lewis, Y. Tzeng, E. Mckinstry, A. Tooker, K. Hong et al., Quantification of airway diameters and 3D airway tree rendering from dynamic hyperpolarized3He magnetic resonance imaging, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.22, issue.2, pp.474-478, 2005.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.20349

D. Dupuich, Y. Berthezene, P. Clouet, V. Stupar, E. Canet et al., He imaging for quantification of regional lung ventilation parameters, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.37, issue.4, pp.777-783, 2003.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.10590

K. Gast, M. Puderbach, I. Rodriguez, B. Eberle, K. Markstaller et al., Dynamic Ventilation 3He-Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Lung Motion Correction, Investigative Radiology, vol.37, issue.3, pp.126-134, 2002.
DOI : 10.1097/00004424-200203000-00005

P. Quanjer, G. Tammeling, J. Cotes, O. Pedersen, R. Peslin et al., Lung volumes and forced ventilatory flows, European Respiratory Journal, vol.6, issue.Suppl 16, pp.5-40, 1993.
DOI : 10.1183/09041950.005s1693

E. Weibel, Lung morpometry and models in respiratory physiology Bioengineering aspects of the lungs. NY: Mardel Dekker, pp.1-53, 1977.

K. Horsfield, G. Dart, D. Olson, G. Filley, and G. Cumming, Models of the human bronchial tree, J Appl Physiol, vol.31, issue.2, pp.207-217, 1971.

K. Horsfield and G. Cumming, Morphology of the bronchial tree in man, J Appl Physiol, vol.24, issue.3, pp.373-383, 1968.

B. Haefeli-bleuer and E. Weibel, Morphometry of the human pulmonary acinus, The Anatomical Record, vol.195, issue.4, pp.401-414, 1988.
DOI : 10.1002/ar.1092200410

T. Pedley, R. Schroter, and M. Sudlow, Gas flow and mixing in the airways Bioengineering aspects of the lungs. NY: Marcel Dekker, pp.163-265, 1977.

A. Bouchet and C. J. Anatomie, Topographique, descriptive et fonctionnelle, pp.1114-1133, 1983.

M. Felici, M. Filoche, C. Straus, T. Similowski, and B. Sapoval, Diffusional screening in real 3D human acini???a theoretical study, Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology, vol.145, issue.2-3, pp.279-293, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.resp.2004.10.012

J. Zuur, S. Muller, F. De-jongh, N. Van-zandwijk, and F. Hilgers, The physiological rationale of heat and moisture exchangers in post-laryngectomy pulmonary rehabilitation: a review, European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, vol.23, issue.1, pp.1-8, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s00405-005-0969-3

D. Fry and R. Hyatt, Pulmonary mechanics, The American Journal of Medicine, vol.29, issue.4, pp.672-689, 1960.
DOI : 10.1016/0002-9343(60)90100-5

R. Comolet, Mécanique expérimentale des fluides, 1982.

G. Taylor, Dispersion of Soluble Matter in Solvent Flowing Slowly through a Tube, Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol.219, issue.1137, pp.186-203, 1137.
DOI : 10.1098/rspa.1953.0139

R. Aris, On the Dispersion of a Solute in a Fluid Flowing through a Tube, Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol.235, issue.1200, pp.67-77, 1200.
DOI : 10.1098/rspa.1956.0065

D. Olson, Fluid mechanics relevant to respiration -flow within curved or elliptical tubes and bifurcating systems, Thèse de Doctorat]. Imperial College, 1971.

R. Schroter and M. Sudlow, Flow patterns in models of the human bronchial airways, Respiration Physiology, vol.7, issue.3, pp.341-355, 1969.
DOI : 10.1016/0034-5687(69)90018-8

T. Martonen, X. Guan, and R. Schreck, Fluid Dynamics in Airway Bifurcations: III. Localized Flow Conditions, Inhalation Toxicology, vol.13, issue.4, pp.291-305, 2001.
DOI : 10.1080/089583701750127395

X. Guan and T. Martonen, Simulations of Flow in Curved Tubes, Aerosol Science and Technology, vol.4, issue.6, pp.485-504, 1997.
DOI : 10.1017/S0022112084002275

T. Martonen, X. Guan, and R. Schreck, Fluid Dynamics in Airway Bifurcations: I. Primary Flows, Inhalation Toxicology, vol.13, issue.4, pp.261-279, 2001.
DOI : 10.1080/089583701750127359

Y. Liu, R. So, and C. Zhang, Modeling the bifurcating flow in a human lung airway, Journal of Biomechanics, vol.35, issue.4, pp.465-473, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0021-9290(01)00225-1

L. Vial, D. Perchet, R. Fodil, G. Caillibotte, C. Fetita et al., Airflow modeling of steady inspiration in two realistic proximal airway trees reconstructed from human thoracic tomodensitometric images, Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, vol.70, issue.4, pp.267-277, 2005.
DOI : 10.1115/1.2796064
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00273056

D. Olson, L. Iliff, and M. Sudlow, [Some aspects of the physics of flow in the central airways], Bull Physiopathol Respir (Nancy), vol.8, issue.2, pp.391-408, 1972.

H. Chang, E. Masry, and O. , A model study of flow dynamics in human central airways. Part I: Axial velocity profiles, Respiration Physiology, vol.49, issue.1, pp.75-95, 1982.
DOI : 10.1016/0034-5687(82)90104-9

D. Isabey and H. Chang, A model study of flow dynamics in human central airways. Part II: Secondary flow velocities, Respiration Physiology, vol.49, issue.1, pp.97-113, 1982.
DOI : 10.1016/0034-5687(82)90105-0

Y. Yeh and H. Cummins, LOCALIZED FLUID FLOW MEASUREMENTS WITH AN He???Ne LASER SPECTROMETER, Applied Physics Letters, vol.4, issue.10, pp.176-178, 1964.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1753925

J. Foreman, E. George, and R. Lewis, MEASUREMENT OF LOCALIZED FLOW VELOCITIES IN GASES WITH A LASER DOPPLER FLOWMETER, Applied Physics Letters, vol.7, issue.4, pp.77-78, 1965.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1754319

Y. Agrawal, L. Talbot, and K. Gong, Laser anemometer study of flow development in curved circular pipes, 497. 131. Ramuzat A. In vitro measurement techniques applied to lung air flow modelling. Riethmuller ML, Corieri, 1978.
DOI : 10.1017/S0022112078000762

J. West, Physiologie Respiratoire, notions essentielles, 1975.

A. Rafanan and A. Mehta, Role of Bronchoscopy in Lung Cancer, Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol.21, issue.Number 05, pp.405-420, 2000.
DOI : 10.1055/s-2000-9408

F. Preteux, C. Fetita, A. Capderou, and P. Grenier, <title>Modeling, segmentation, and caliber estimation of bronchi in high-resolution computerized tomography</title>, Statistical and Stochastic Methods in Image Processing II, pp.36-45, 1999.
DOI : 10.1117/12.279646

S. Ley, D. Mayer, B. Brook, E. Van-beek, C. Heussel et al., Radiological imaging as the basis for a simulation software of ventilation in the tracheo-bronchial tree, European Radiology, vol.12, issue.9, pp.2218-2228, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s00330-002-1391-5

P. Grenier and C. Beigelman, Spiral computed tomographic scanning and magnetic resonance angiography for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, Thorax, vol.53, issue.Supplement 2, pp.25-31, 1998.
DOI : 10.1136/thx.53.2008.S25

J. Johnson, S. Kramer, and S. Mahboubi, Air trapping in children: evaluation with dynamic lung densitometry with spiral CT., Radiology, vol.206, issue.1, pp.95-101, 1998.
DOI : 10.1148/radiology.206.1.9423657

S. Winkler, J. Holden, J. Sackett, D. Flemming, and S. Alexander, Xenon and Krypton as Radiographic Inhalation Contrast Media With Computerized Tomography: Preliminary Note, Investigative Radiology, vol.12, issue.1, pp.19-20, 1977.
DOI : 10.1097/00004424-197701000-00007

A. Santolicandro, S. Ruschi, E. Fornai, and C. Giuntini, Imaging of ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Journal of Thoracic Imaging, vol.1, issue.2, pp.36-53, 1986.
DOI : 10.1097/00005382-198603000-00006

V. Lopez-majano, Evaluation of Lung Function Using Radionuclides, Respiration, vol.29, issue.2, pp.97-110, 1972.
DOI : 10.1159/000192858

P. Alderson and B. Line, Scintigraphic evaluation of regional pulmonary ventilation, Seminars in Nuclear Medicine, vol.10, issue.3, pp.218-242, 1980.
DOI : 10.1016/S0001-2998(80)80003-1

S. Valind, C. Rhodes, and B. Jonson, Quantification of regional ventilation in humans using a short-lived radiotracer. Theoritical evaluation of the steady-state model, J Nucl Med, vol.28, pp.1144-1154, 1987.

H. Arakawa, W. Webb, M. Mccowin, G. Katsou, K. Lee et al., Inhomogeneous lung attenuation at thin-section CT: diagnostic value of expiratory scans., Radiology, vol.206, issue.1, pp.89-94, 1998.
DOI : 10.1148/radiology.206.1.9423656

D. Alsop, H. Hatabu, M. Bonnet, J. Listerud, and W. Gefter, Multi-Slice, Breathhold Imaging of the Lung with Submillisecond Echo Times, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.171, issue.5, pp.678-682, 1995.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.1910330513

C. Bergin, D. Noll, J. Pauly, G. Glover, and A. Macovski, MR imaging of lung parenchyma: a solution to susceptibility., Radiology, vol.183, issue.3, pp.673-676, 1992.
DOI : 10.1148/radiology.183.3.1584917

R. Edelman, H. Hatabu, E. Tadamura, W. Li, and P. Prasad, Noninvasive assessment of regional ventilation in the human lung using oxygen???enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, Nature Medicine, vol.199, issue.11, pp.1236-1239, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0730-725X(88)90475-4

H. Hatabu, J. Gaa, D. Kim, W. Li, P. Prasad et al., Pulmonary perfusion: Qualitative assessment with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI using ultra-shortTE and inversion recovery turbo FLASH, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.33, issue.4, pp.503-508, 1996.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.1910360402

N. Muller, Advances in imaging, European Respiratory Journal, vol.18, issue.5, pp.867-871, 2001.
DOI : 10.1183/09031936.01.00266901

S. Serfati, L. Darrasse, and S. Kan, Double???bracelet resonator Helmholtz probe for NMR experiments, Review of Scientific Instruments, vol.66, issue.12, pp.5522-5526, 1995.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1146078

B. Chen, A. Brau, and G. Johnson, Measurement of regional lung function in rats using hyperpolarized3helium dynamic MRI, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.26, issue.1, pp.78-88, 2003.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.10336

D. Gierada, B. Saam, D. Yablonskiy, J. Cooper, S. Lefrak et al., Dynamic echo planar MR imaging of lung ventilation with hyperpolarized (3)He in normal subjects and patients with severe emphysema Silicon thermal anemometry: developments and applications, NMR Biomed Meas Sci Technol, vol.137, issue.4, pp.176-1811360, 1996.

D. Moser, R. Lenggenhager, G. Wachutka, and H. Baltes, Fabrication and modelling of CMOS microbridge gas-flow sensors, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol.6, issue.1-3, p.165, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0925-4005(92)80050-8

J. Hurly and M. Moldover, Ab initio values of the thermophysical properties of helium as standards, Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, vol.105, issue.5, pp.667-688, 2000.
DOI : 10.6028/jres.105.054

C. Wilke, A Viscosity Equation for Gas Mixtures, The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.18, issue.4, pp.517-519, 1950.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1747673

N. Muller and N. Zamel, Pneumotachograph calibration for inspiratory and expiratory flows during HeO2 breathing, J Appl Physiol, vol.51, issue.4, pp.1038-1041, 1981.

T. Pedley, M. Sudlow, and J. Milic-emili, A non-linear theory of the distribution of pulmonary ventilation, Respiration Physiology, vol.15, issue.1, pp.1-38, 1972.
DOI : 10.1016/0034-5687(72)90002-3

R. Fodil, C. Croce, B. Louis, A. Coste, J. Blondeau et al., Simulateur morphofonctionnel des voies a??riennes sup??rieures et proximales, ITBM-RBM, vol.26, issue.1, pp.72-77, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rbmret.2004.11.006

R. Fodil, L. Dr, L. Vial, C. Croce, D. Perchet et al., Coupling experimental measurements and computational modelling of airflow using physical and numerical 3D-reconstructions of realistic human airway geometry, Experimental and Computational Biofluid Mechanics (EUROMECH Colloquium N° 456, 2004.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00273549

D. Perchet, Modélisation in-silico des voies aériennes : reconstruction morphologique et simulation fonctionnelle, 2005.

L. Vial, Ecoulements dans des modèles des voies aériennes proximales provenant de l'imagerie médicale, 2005.

J. Wild, M. Paley, M. Viallon, W. Schreiber, E. Van-beek et al., k-Space filtering in 2D gradient-echo breath-hold hyperpolarized3He MRI: Spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio considerations, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.42, issue.4, pp.687-695, 2002.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.10134

C. Lin and E. Hoffman, A numerical study of gas transport in human lung models, Medical Imaging 2005: Physiology, Function, and Structure from Medical Images, pp.92-100
DOI : 10.1117/12.601169

B. Brook, A. Swift, M. Paley, L. Kasuboski, S. Fichele et al., Modelling of Air Flow in the Human Airways Using Computational Fluid Dynamics and Dynamic Hyperpolarized 3He MRI Regional Distribution of Va-Q in Man at Rest and with Exercise Measured with Krypton-81m, ISMRM 12th Scientific Meeting J Appl Physiol, vol.44, issue.1, pp.115-123, 1978.

F. Schmitt and P. Wielopolski, Echo-Planar Image Reconstruction, Echo-planar imaging, pp.148-153, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-80443-4_5

M. Hansen, C. Baltes, J. Tsao, S. Kozerke, K. Pruessmann et al., k-t BLAST reconstruction from non-Cartesiank-t space sampling, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.52, issue.1, pp.85-91, 2006.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.20734
URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.522.3397

D. Dupuich, Imagerie par résonance magnétique de l'helium-3 hyperpolarisé. Applications à l'IRM de diffusion et à l'IRM dynamique de la ventilation, 2003.

A. Heenan, E. Matida, A. Pollard, and W. Finlay, Experimental measurements and computational modeling of the flow field in an idealized human oropharynx, Experiments in Fluids, vol.35, issue.1, pp.70-84, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/s00348-003-0636-7

T. Corcoran and N. Chigier, Inertial Deposition Effects: A Study of Aerosol Mechanics in the Trachea Using Laser Doppler Velocimetry and Fluorescent Dye, Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, vol.124, issue.6, pp.629-637, 2002.
DOI : 10.1115/1.1516572

J. Comer, C. Kleinstreuer, and Z. Zhang, Flow structures and particle deposition patterns in double-bifurcation airway models. Part 1. Air flow fields, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol.435, pp.25-54, 2001.
DOI : 10.1017/S0022112001003809

J. West, Measurement of bronchial air flow, J Appl Physiol, vol.15, pp.976-978, 1960.

C. Dumoulin and H. Hart, Magnetic resonance angiography., Radiology, vol.161, issue.3, pp.717-720, 1986.
DOI : 10.1148/radiology.161.3.3786721

I. Koptyug, S. Altobelli, E. Fukushima, A. Matveev, and R. Sagdeev, Thermally Polarized 1H NMR Microimaging Studies of Liquid and Gas Flow in Monolithic Catalysts, Journal of Magnetic Resonance, vol.147, issue.1, pp.36-42, 2000.
DOI : 10.1006/jmre.2000.2186

E. Brunner, M. Haake, L. Kaiser, A. Pines, and J. Reimer, Gas Flow MRI Using Circulating Laser-Polarized129Xe, Journal of Magnetic Resonance, vol.138, issue.1, pp.155-159, 1999.
DOI : 10.1006/jmre.1998.1675

L. Kaiser, J. Logan, T. Meersmann, and A. Pines, Dynamic NMR Microscopy of Gas Phase Poiseuille Flow, Journal of Magnetic Resonance, vol.149, issue.1, pp.144-148, 2001.
DOI : 10.1006/jmre.2000.2283

R. Mair, C. Tseng, G. Wong, D. Cory, and R. Walsworth, Magnetic resonance imaging of convection in laser-polarized xenon, Physical Review E, vol.61, issue.3, pp.2741-2748, 2000.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.61.2741

R. Brooks and G. Chiro, Principles of computer assisted tomography (CAT) in radiographic and radioisotopic imaging, Physics in Medicine and Biology, vol.21, issue.5, pp.689-732
DOI : 10.1088/0031-9155/21/5/001

S. Rowland, Computer implementation of image reconstruction formulas Image Reconstruction from projections, pp.9-79, 1979.

J. Bland and D. Altmann, Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement, International Journal of Nursing Studies, vol.47, issue.8, pp.307-310, 1986.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.10.001

F. Kober, L'imagerie des gaz rares par résonance magnétique nucléaire, 1998.

D. Olson, M. Sudlow, K. Horsfield, and G. Filley, Convective Patterns of Flow During Inspiration, Archives of Internal Medicine, vol.131, issue.1, pp.51-57, 1973.
DOI : 10.1001/archinte.1973.00320070047005

N. Nowak, P. Kakade, and A. Annapragada, Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Airflow and Aerosol Deposition in Human Lungs, Annals of Biomedical Engineering, vol.31, issue.4, pp.374-390, 2003.
DOI : 10.1114/1.1560632

R. Summers and J. Cebral, Tracheal and central bronchial aerodynamics using virtual bronchoscopy, Medical Imaging 2001: Physiology and Function from Multidimensional Images, pp.22-31, 2001.

T. Martonen, J. Schroeter, D. Hwang, J. Fleming, and J. Conway, HUMAN LUNG MORPHOLOGY MODELS FOR PARTICLE DEPOSITION STUDIES, Inhalation Toxicology, vol.12, issue.11, pp.109-121, 2000.
DOI : 10.1080/089583700750019530

M. Tawhai, P. Hunter, J. Tschirren, J. Reinhardt, G. Mclennan et al., CT-based geometry analysis and finite element models of the human and ovine bronchial tree, Journal of Applied Physiology, vol.97, issue.6, pp.2310-2321, 2004.
DOI : 10.1152/japplphysiol.00520.2004

R. Clinkenbeard, D. Johnson, R. Parthasarathy, M. Altan, K. Tan et al., Replication of Human Tracheobronchial Hollow Airway Models Using a Selective Laser Sintering Rapid Prototyping Technique, AIHA Journal, vol.63, issue.2, pp.141-150, 2002.
DOI : 10.1080/15428110208984697

K. Tan, R. Parthasarathy, C. Altan, M. Johnson, D. Clinkenbeard et al., Flow Distribution and Pressure Drop of Steady airflow Through a Selective Laser Sintered Human Tracheobronchial Airway Model Single-step stereolithography of complex anatomical models for optical flow measurements, JSME Joint Fluids Engineering Conference J Biomech Eng-Trans ASME, vol.127, issue.1, pp.204-207, 2003.

V. Sauret, P. Halson, I. Brown, J. Fleming, and A. Bailey, Study of the three-dimensional geometry of the central conducting airways in man using computed tomographic (CT) images, Journal of Anatomy, vol.200, issue.2, pp.123-134, 2002.
DOI : 10.1046/j.0021-8782.2001.00018.x

L. Olsson, M. Ylihautala, S. Mansson, J. Peterson, P. Leander et al., Measurement of T2* in guinea pig lungs with hyperpolarized helium-3 at low field (0.23T), 2002.

M. Salerno, J. Brookeman, E. De-lange, I. Mugler, E. Brief et al., Hyperpolarized 3He Spiral Lung Imaging at High and Low Field Strengths (1.5T and 0.54T) : A Study of Susceptibility and Off-Resonance Effects, 0418.

C. Dumoulin, S. Souza, R. Darrow, N. Pelc, W. Adams et al., Simultaneous acquisition of phase-contrast angiograms and stationary-tissue images with Hadamard encoding of flow-induced phase shifts, Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, vol.1, issue.4, pp.399-404, 1991.
DOI : 10.1002/jmri.1880010403

C. Tang, D. Blatter, and D. Parker, Accuracy of phase-contrast flow measurements in the presence of partial-volume effects, Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, vol.10, issue.2, pp.377-385, 1993.
DOI : 10.1002/jmri.1880030213

D. Norris and C. Schwarzbauer, Velocity Selective Radiofrequency Pulse Trains, Journal of Magnetic Resonance, vol.137, issue.1, pp.231-236, 1999.
DOI : 10.1006/jmre.1998.1690

J. Pope and S. Yao, Flow-selective pulse sequences, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, vol.11, issue.4, pp.585-591, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0730-725X(93)90477-U

J. Pauly, D. Nishimura, and A. Macovsky, A k-space analysis of small-tip-angle excitation, J Magn Reson, vol.81, pp.43-56, 1989.

J. Pauly, D. Nishimura, and A. Macovsky, A linear class of large-tip-angle selective excitation pulses, Journal of Magnetic Resonance (1969), vol.82, issue.3, pp.571-587, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-2364(89)90219-9

I. Sersa and S. Macura, Excitation of Arbitrary Shapes in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance by a Random Walk in Discrete k Space, Journal of Magnetic Resonance, Series B, vol.111, issue.2, pp.186-188, 1996.
DOI : 10.1006/jmrb.1996.0080

I. Sersa and S. Macura, Excitation of arbitrary shapes by gradient optimized random walk in discretek-space, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.56, issue.6, pp.920-931, 1997.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.1910370618

C. Hardy, H. Cline, and P. Bottomley, Correcting for nonuniform k-space sampling in twodimensional NMR selective excitation, J Magn Reson, vol.87, pp.639-645, 1990.

S. Sabat, R. Mir, M. Guarini, A. Guesalaga, and P. Irarrazabal, Three dimensional k-space trajectory design using genetic algorithms, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, vol.21, issue.7, pp.755-764, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0730-725X(03)00174-7

M. Shinnar and J. Leigh, The application of spinors to pulse synthesis and analysis, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.75, issue.1, pp.93-98, 1989.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.1910120112

J. Pauly, L. Roux, P. Nishimura, D. Macovsky, and A. , Parameter relations for the Shinnar-Le Roux selective excitation pulse design algorithm (NMR imaging), IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol.10, issue.1, pp.53-65, 1991.
DOI : 10.1109/42.75611

A. Raddi and U. Klose, Relaxation Effects on Transverse Magnetization Using RF Pulses Long Compared to T2, Journal of Magnetic Resonance, vol.144, issue.1, pp.108-114, 2000.
DOI : 10.1006/jmre.2000.2026

J. Pearlman and T. Wieczorek, Relaxivity corrected response modulated excitation (RME): AT2-corrected technique achieving specified magnetization patterns from an RF pulse and a time-varying magnetic field, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.23, issue.3, pp.388-395, 1994.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.1910320314

P. Kilner, D. Firmin, R. Rees, J. Martinez, D. Pennell et al., Valve and great vessel stenosis: assessment with MR jet velocity mapping., Radiology, vol.178, issue.1, pp.229-235, 1991.
DOI : 10.1148/radiology.178.1.1984310