. Fig, 12 ? Calibration en dose des films X-OMATV

. Comme-c-'est-le, . Kraemer, and . Kraft, en densité optique) des films X-OMATV est linéaire en fonction de la dose déposée. On note cependant que la saturation obtenue en photons aux alentours de 150 cGy, pour ce type de film, n'est pas observée avec les ions Argon. Il semble que le noircissement des films soit moins important avec les ions qu'avec les photons, Il est avéré, 2003.

. Sionnelle-sur-le-faisceau, Pour cela nous avons utilisé le numériseur de film VXR 12 et le logiciel d'analyse RIT 113 9 . L'analyse d'un faisceau d'irradiation est montrée par la figure 7

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J. Gueulette, J. Slabbert, and L. Bohm, Proton RBE for early intestinal tolerance in mice after fractionated irradiation. Radiotherapy and oncol, pp.177-184, 2001.

S. Hagamohammadi, D. Goodhead, and J. Et-savage, Lymphocytes by Plutonium-238 ??-particles, International Journal of Radiation Biology, vol.19, issue.6, pp.909-915, 1988.
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E. Hall, Radiobiology for the radiologist, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2000.

L. Hartwell and T. Et-weinert, Checkpoints: controls that ensure the order of cell cycle events, Science, vol.246, issue.4930, pp.629-634, 1989.
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F. Hutchinson and E. Et-pollard, Mechanisms in radiobiology. M.Errera and A, 1961.

H. E. John and J. Et-cunningham, The physic of radiology (pp 796), 1953.

H. Kanter and E. Et-sternglass, Interpretation of Range Measurements for Kilovolt Electrons in Solids, Physical Review, vol.126, issue.2, pp.620-626, 1962.
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A. Kassis, <I>In vivo</I> validation of the bystander effect, Human & Experimental Toxicology, vol.23, issue.2, pp.71-73, 2004.
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R. Katz, B. Ackerson, M. Homayoonfar, and S. Et-sharma, Inactivation of Cells by Heavy Ion Bombardment, Radiation Research, vol.47, issue.2, pp.402-425, 1971.
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R. Katz and J. Et-butts, Width of Ion and Monopole Tracks in Emulsion, Physical Review, vol.137, issue.1B, pp.198-203, 1965.
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J. Kerr, Apoptosis: A Basic Biological Phenomenon with Wideranging Implications in Tissue Kinetics, British Journal of Cancer, vol.26, issue.4, pp.239-257, 1972.
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E. Kobetich and R. Et-katz, Rays, Physical Review, vol.170, issue.2, pp.391-396, 1968.
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E. Kobetich and R. Et-katz, Width of Heavy-Ion Tracks in Emulsion, Physical Review, vol.170, issue.2, pp.405-411, 1968.
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E. Lawrence and D. Et-sloan, The production of heavy, high speed ions without the use of high voltage, Phys Rev, vol.38, p.2022, 1931.

M. Lobrich, P. Cooper, and B. Et-rydberg, Non-random distribution of DNA double-strand breaks induced by particle irradiation, International Journal of Radiation Biology, vol.64, issue.5, pp.493-503, 1996.
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J. Lonchamp, Sur le d??veloppement induit le long des traces nucl??aires dans l'??mulsion photographique, Journal de Physique et le Radium, vol.14, issue.7-9, p.433, 1953.
DOI : 10.1051/jphysrad:01953001407-9043300

S. Masao, K. Yoko, K. Tatsuaki, and A. Et-koichi, Change in radiosensitivity with fractionated-dose irradiation of carbon-ion beams in five différent human cell lines, Int. J. Radiat, 2000.

R. Mikkelsen, Redox signaling mechanisms and radiation-induced bystander effects, Human & Experimental Toxicology, vol.23, issue.2, pp.75-79, 2004.
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P. Moretto, C. Michelet, A. Balana, and P. Barberet, Development of a single ion irradiation system at CENBG for applications in radiation biology, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, vol.181, issue.1-4, pp.104-109, 2001.
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S. Morgan and M. Et-kastan, Foundations in Cancer Research p53 and ATM: Cell Cycle, Cell Death, and Cancer, Adv. Cancer Res, vol.71, pp.1-25, 1997.
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T. Munro, The Relative Radiosensitivity of the Nucleus and Cytoplasm of Chinese Hamster Fibroblasts, Radiation Research, vol.42, issue.3, pp.451-470, 1970.
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P. Olive, The Role of DNA Single- and Double-Strand Breaks in Cell Killing by Ionizing Radiation, Radiation Research, vol.150, issue.5, pp.42-51, 1998.
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J. Pouget and S. Et-mather, General aspects of the cellular response to low- and high-LET radiation, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine, vol.28, issue.4, pp.541-561, 2001.
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K. Prise, M. Folkard, and B. Et-michael, A review of the bystander effect and its implications for low-dose exposure, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, vol.104, issue.4, pp.347-355, 2003.
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T. T. Puck and P. Marcus, ACTION OF X-RAYS ON MAMMALIAN CELLS, Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol.103, issue.5, pp.653-666, 1956.
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M. Raju, H. Amols, and E. Bain, A heavy particle comparative study. Part III: OER and RBE, The British Journal of Radiology, vol.51, issue.609, pp.712-719, 1978.
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W. K. Rathmell, W. Kaufmann, J. Hurt, L. Byrd, and G. Et-chu, DNA-dependent protein kinase is not required for accumulation of p53 or cell cycle arrest after DNA damage, Cancer Res, vol.57, pp.68-74, 1997.

K. Robert, Stopping power and range energy tables for heavy ions in water, 1985.

R. Roth, S. Sharma, and R. Et-katz, Systematic evaluation of cellular radiosensitivity parameters, Physics in Medicine and Biology, vol.21, issue.4, pp.491-503, 1975.
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B. Rydberg, P. Cooper, W. R. , H. Et-chatterjee, and A. , Dose-Dependent Misrejoining of Radiation-Induced DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Human Fibroblasts: Experimental and Theoretical Study for High- and Low-LET Radiation, Radiation Research, vol.163, issue.5, pp.526-534, 2005.
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B. Rydberg, M. Lobrich, and P. Et-cooper, Repair of clustered DNA damage caused by high LET radiation in human fibroblasts, Phys. Med, vol.14, issue.1, pp.24-28, 1998.

M. Scholz, Calculation of RBE for normal tissue complications based on charged particle track structure, Bulletin du Cancer/Radioth??rapie, vol.83, pp.50-54, 1996.
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M. Scholz, A. Kellerer, W. Kraft-weyrather, and G. Et-kraft, Computation of cell survival in heavy ion beams for therapy, Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, vol.36, issue.1, pp.59-66, 1997.
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M. Scholz and G. Et-kraft, A parameter free track structure model for heavy ion action cross section Biophysical Modelling of radiation effects, pp.185-192, 1992.

M. Scholz and G. Et-kraft, Calculation of Heavy Ion Inactivation Probabilities Based on Track Structure, X Ray Sensitivity and Target Size, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, vol.52, issue.1-4, pp.29-33, 1994.
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M. Scholz and G. Et-kraft, Track structure and the calculation of biological effects of heavy charged particles, Advances in Space Research, vol.18, issue.1-2, pp.5-14, 1996.
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C. Shao, M. Folkard, B. Michael, and K. Et-prise, Targeted cytoplasmic irradiation induces bystander responses, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.63, issue.5, pp.13495-13500, 2004.
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P. Shaw, The Role of p53 in Cell Cycle Regulation, Pathology - Research and Practice, vol.192, issue.7, pp.669-675, 1996.
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W. Sinclair, Cyclic X-Ray Responses in Mammalian Cells in Vitro, Radiation Research, vol.33, issue.3, pp.620-643, 1968.
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M. Smith, Q. Zhan, I. Bae, and A. Et-fornace, Role of Retinoblastoma Gene Product in p53-Mediated DNA Damage Response, Experimental Cell Research, vol.215, issue.2, pp.386-389, 1994.
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A. Snyder, Review of radiation-induced bystander effects, Human & Experimental Toxicology, vol.23, issue.2, pp.87-91, 2004.
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L. Spencer and F. Et-attix, A Theory of Cavity Ionization, Radiation Research, vol.3, issue.3, pp.239-254, 1955.
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B. Spielberger, M. Kraemer, and G. Et-kraft, Three-dimensional dose verification with x-ray films in conformal carbon ion therapy, Physics in Medicine and Biology, vol.48, issue.4, pp.497-505, 2003.
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M. Spotheim-maurizot, M. Bergusova, and M. Et-charlier, Dégradation de l'ADN par les rayonnements ionisants Influence de la structure et de l'environnement. La Chimie dans les sciences médicales. Mécanismes biochimiquesIn Actualité Chimique, Société Française de chimie Ed, pp.97-102, 2003.

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T. Szumiel, Monitoring and Signaling of Radiation-Induced Damage in Mammalian Cells, Radiation Research, vol.150, issue.5, pp.92-101, 1998.
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N. Taneja, R. Tjalkens, M. Philbert, and A. Et-rehemtulla, Irradiation of mitochondria initiates apoptosis in a cell free system, Oncogene, vol.19, issue.2, pp.167-177, 2001.
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K. Townsend and S. Et-marsden, Nuclear Area Measurement on Viable Cells, Using Confocal Microscopy, International Journal of Radiation Biology, vol.58, issue.4, 1992.
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K. Townsend, A. Stretch, L. Stevens, and D. Et-goodhead, Thickness Measurements on V79-4 Cells: A Comparison between Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy and Electron Microscopy, International Journal of Radiation Biology, vol.49, issue.3, 1990.
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D. Vernhet, K. Rozet, and L. Woohrer, Excitation in swift heavy ion-atom collisions, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, vol.107, issue.1-4, p.71, 1996.
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M. Waligorski, R. Hamm, and R. Et-katz, The radial distribution of dose around the path of a heavy ion in liquid water, International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part D. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements, vol.11, issue.6, pp.309-319, 1986.
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M. P. Waligorski, R. Hamm, and R. Et-katz, The radial distribution of dose around the path of a heavy ion in liquid water, International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part D. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements, vol.11, issue.6, p.309, 1986.
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J. Ward, Biochemistry of DNA lesions. radiat. res. suppl, pp.103-111, 1985.

J. Ward, W. Blakely, and E. Et-joner, Mammalian Cells Are Not Killed by DNA Single-Strand Breaks Caused by Hydroxyl Radicals from Hydrogen Peroxide, Radiation Research, vol.103, issue.3, pp.383-392, 1985.
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H. Zhou and T. Et-hei, Radiation risk to low fluences of ?? particles may be greater than we thought, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98, pp.14410-14415, 1998.
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J. Ziegler, Helium Stopping Powers and Ranges in All Elements of series "Stopping and Ranges of Ions in Matter, 1978.

J. Ziegler, Handbook of stopping cross sections of energetic ions in all elements of series "Stopping and Ranges of Ions in Matter, 1980.

J. Ziegler, J. Biersack, and U. Et-littmark, The Stopping and Range of Ions in Solids of series "Stopping and Ranges of Ions in Matter, 1984.

N. Si-maintenant-on-considère-une-boite-contenant, . Cellules, and . Si, de plus on considère que le phénomène d'adhérence est indépendant pour chaque cellule alors le phénomène d'adhérence global est la somme des adhérences individuelle. Autrement dit, on retrouve la loi binomiale de paramêtre p et N : la probabilité d'avoir n cellules adhérées sur N cellules ensemencées est alors

. Remarque, En réalité, nous savons que le phénomène d'adhérence n'est pas totalement indépendant du nombre de cellules initialement ensemencées dans les boites de culture mais l'hypothèse reste problablement une bonne approximation pour