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trois faisceaux lasers à 120° ayant des vecteurs de polarisation contenus dans le même plan conduit à la cristallisation des atomes sur un réseau hexagonal Il est naturel de faire de la diffraction de Bragg sur cette structure. La condition de diffraction de Bragg [70] est que la différence entre les vecteurs d'ondes incidents et diffractés appartienne au réseau réciproque du réseau direct (hexagonal) Nous pouvons facilement montrer que les vecteurs de base du réseau réciproque sont des vecteurs différence de deux vecteurs d'ondes k, (i=1,2,3) des faisceaux formant le cristal. En effet, à 2D la partie de fréquence positive du champ total peut s'écrire sous la forme : Figure VII-1 : Directions, 2D) Nous avons montré que la configuration à 2D utilisant ,
Université Pierre et Marie Curie Case 74, T 12 -E 01, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France (**) Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Hertzienne ( §) , Departement de Physique de l'ENS 24, rue Lhomond, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France Abstract Resonant enhancements of phase-conjugate reflectivity are observed in cesium optical molasses. These resonances provide information about the internal and external degrees of freedom of the atoms interacting with the cooling beams, such as dynamical properties and spatial order of atoms localized in the optical potential associated with the light-shifts, or friction coefficient of the cooling force (1D corkscrew molasses). Phase-conjugate reflectivities of the order of 10 -2 and large angular aperture (30°) are observed in 3D optical molasses ,
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