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. Mots-clés, SVM, impressions anciennes Cette thèse se situe dans le cadre de la comparaison d'image Elle est consacrée au développement d'une méthode de comparaison locale d'images binaires. En s'appuyant sur un exemple de mesure -la distance de Hausdorff (DH) -une mesure locale (` a travers une fenêtre) est définie, et ses propriétés en fonction de la taille de la fenêtre et de la mesure globale entre les deux images sont prouvées. Cela permet de définir un critère pour fixer une taille de fenêtre ajustéè a celle de la dissimilarité locale. Cette méthode permet de définir une Carte de Dissimilarité Locales (CDL) lorsque la mesure locale est faite sur tous les points de l'image. Elle n'est pas valable uniquement avec la DH, cependant les propriétés de la DH font que le calcul de la CDL dans ce cas est très rapide. La CDL estàestà la fois un outil de visualisation des dissimilarités entre deux images et une base pour décider de la similarité des images. Dans cette optique, unepremì eré etape est la mise en oeuvre d'une analyse multirésolution adaptée aux images binaires reposant sur le filtre de la médiane morphologique qui offre la possibilité de traiter l'informationàinformationà une résolution adaptée au degré de similarité recherché. Ladeuxì emé etape est l'utilisation de l'information de la CDL, et la plus efficace est basée sur les SVM auxquels on fournit en entrée les CDLentì eres. Les tests réalisés sur une base d'impressions anciennes numérisées et sur une base de formes montrent l'efficacité de la méthode