M. Albrieux, J. C. Platel, A. Dupuis, M. Villaz, and W. J. Moody, Early Expression of Sodium Channel Transcripts and Sodium Current by Cajal-Retzius Cells in the Preplate of the Embryonic Mouse Neocortex, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.24, issue.7, pp.1719-1744, 2004.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3548-02.2004

H. L. Bahrey, W. J. Et, and . Moody, Voltage-gated Currents, Dye and Electrical Coupling in the Embryonic Mouse Neocortex, Cerebral Cortex, vol.13, issue.3, pp.239-51, 2003.
DOI : 10.1093/cercor/13.3.239

A. V. Faure, D. Grunwald, M. J. Moutin, M. Hilly, J. P. Mauger et al., Developmental expression of the calcium release channels during early neurogenesis of the mouse cerebral cortex, European Journal of Neuroscience, vol.270, issue.10, pp.1613-1635, 2001.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19990405)406:2<207::AID-CNE6>3.3.CO;2-Z

R. C. Froemke, V. S. Kumar, P. Czkwianianc, and R. Yuste, Analysis of Multineuronal Activation Patterns from Calcium-Imaging Experiments in Brain Slices, Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine, vol.12, issue.6, pp.247-52, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1050-1738(02)00169-X

T. F. Haydar, F. Wang, M. L. Schwartz, and P. Rakic, Differential Modulation of Proliferation in the Neocortical Ventricular and Subventricular Zones, J Neurosci, vol.20, issue.15, pp.5764-5774, 2000.

H. Komuro, P. Et, and . Rakic, Selective role of N-type calcium channels in neuronal migration, Science, vol.257, issue.5071, pp.806-815, 1992.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1323145

H. Komuro, P. Et, and . Rakic, Intracellular Ca2+ Fluctuations Modulate the Rate of Neuronal Migration, Neuron, vol.17, issue.2, pp.275-85, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80159-2

A. K. Macleod, A. Et, and . Byrne, Anxiety, depression, and the anticipation of future positive and negative experiences., Journal of Abnormal Psychology, vol.105, issue.2, pp.286-295, 1996.
DOI : 10.1037/0021-843X.105.2.286

B. Q. Mao, F. Hamzei-sichani, D. Aronov, R. C. Froemke, and R. Yuste, Dynamics of Spontaneous Activity in Neocortical Slices, Neuron, vol.32, issue.5, pp.883-98, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00518-9

S. K. Mcconnell, Chapter 12 Plasticity and commitment in the developing cerebral cortex, Progress in Brain Research, vol.105, pp.129-172, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/S0079-6123(08)63290-2

D. F. Owens, A. C. Flint, R. S. Dammerman, and A. R. Kriegstein, Calcium Dynamics of Neocortical Ventricular Zone Cells, Developmental Neuroscience, vol.22, issue.1-2, pp.25-33, 2000.
DOI : 10.1159/000017424

D. F. Owens, A. R. Et, and . Kriegstein, Patterns of intracellular calcium fluctuation in precursor cells of the neocortical ventricular zone, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.18, issue.14, pp.5374-88, 1998.

T. H. Schwartz, D. Rabinowitz, V. Unni, V. S. Kumar, D. K. Smetters et al., Networks of Coactive Neurons in Developing Layer 1, Neuron, vol.20, issue.3, pp.541-52, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80993-9

N. C. Spitzer, N. J. Lautermilch, R. D. Smith, and T. M. Gomez, Coding of neuronal differentiation by calcium transients, BioEssays, vol.14, issue.9, pp.811-818, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/1521-1878(200009)22:9<811::AID-BIES6>3.0.CO;2-G

T. Takahashi, R. S. Nowakowski, V. S. Caviness, and J. , The cell cycle of the pseudostratified ventricular epithelium of the embryonic murine cerebral wall, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.15, issue.9, pp.6046-57, 1995.

T. A. Weissman, P. A. Riquelme, L. Ivic, A. C. Flint, and A. R. Kriegstein, Calcium Waves Propagate through Radial Glial Cells and Modulate Proliferation in the Developing Neocortex, Neuron, vol.43, issue.5, pp.647-61, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuron.2004.08.015

R. Yuste, A. Peinado, and L. C. Katz, Neuronal domains in developing neocortex, Science, vol.257, issue.5070, pp.665-674, 1992.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1496379

M. Marin-padilla, Cajal???Retzius cells and the development of the neocortex, Trends in Neurosciences, vol.21, issue.2, pp.64-71, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0166-2236(97)01164-8

J. J. Loturco, D. F. Owens, M. J. Heath, M. B. Davis, and A. R. Kriegstein, GABA and glutamate depolarize cortical progenitor cells and inhibit DNA synthesis, Neuron, vol.15, issue.6, pp.1287-98, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0896-6273(95)90008-X

H. L. Picken-bahrey and W. J. Moody, Voltage-gated Currents, Dye and Electrical Coupling in the Embryonic Mouse Neocortex, Cerebral Cortex, vol.13, issue.3, pp.239-51, 2003.
DOI : 10.1093/cercor/13.3.239

P. Bahrey, H. L. Moody, and W. J. , Early Development of Voltage-Gated Ion Currents and Firing Properties in Neurons of the Mouse Cerebral Cortex, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.89, issue.4, pp.1761-73, 2003.
DOI : 10.1152/jn.00972.2002

R. Corlew, M. M. Bosma, and W. J. Moody, Spontaneous, synchronous electrical activity in neonatal mouse cortical neurones, The Journal of Physiology, vol.526, issue.2, pp.377-90, 2004.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.2004.071621

M. Albrieux, J. C. Platel, A. Dupuis, M. Villaz, and W. J. Moody, Early Expression of Sodium Channel Transcripts and Sodium Current by Cajal-Retzius Cells in the Preplate of the Embryonic Mouse Neocortex, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.24, issue.7, pp.1719-1744, 2004.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3548-02.2004

A. J. Cochilla, J. K. Angleson, and W. J. Betz, MONITORING SECRETORY MEMBRANE WITH FM1-43 FLUORESCENCE, Annual Review of Neuroscience, vol.22, issue.1, pp.1-10, 1999.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.neuro.22.1.1

F. Windels, N. Bruet, A. Poupard, N. Urbain, G. Chouvet et al., Effects of high frequency stimulation of subthalamic nucleus on extracellular glutamate and GABA in substantia nigra and globus pallidus in the normal rat, European Journal of Neuroscience, vol.192, issue.11, pp.4141-4146, 2000.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00296.x

A. V. Faure, D. Grunwald, M. J. Moutin, M. Hilly, J. P. Mauger et al., Developmental expression of the calcium release channels during early neurogenesis of the mouse cerebral cortex, European Journal of Neuroscience, vol.270, issue.10, pp.1613-1635, 2001.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19990405)406:2<207::AID-CNE6>3.3.CO;2-Z

D. Maric, I. Maric, Y. H. Chang, and J. L. Barker, Stereotypical Physiological Properties Emerge During Early Neuronal and Glial Lineage Development in the Embryonic Rat Neocortex, Cerebral Cortex, vol.10, issue.8, pp.729-776, 2000.
DOI : 10.1093/cercor/10.8.729

D. Maric, I. Maric, and J. L. Barker, Developmental Changes in Cell Calcium Homeostasis during Neurogenesis of the Embryonic Rat Cerebral Cortex, Cerebral Cortex, vol.10, issue.6, pp.561-73, 2000.
DOI : 10.1093/cercor/10.6.561

J. P. Smith, L. A. Cunningham, and L. D. Partridge, Coupling of AMPA receptors with the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger in cultured rat astrocytes, Brain Research, vol.887, issue.1, pp.98-109, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-8993(00)02973-5

T. Thurneysen, D. A. Nicoll, K. D. Philipson, and H. Porzig, Sodium/calcium exchanger subtypes NCX1, NCX2 and NCX3 show cell-specific expression in rat hippocampus cultures, Molecular Brain Research, vol.107, issue.2, pp.145-56, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0169-328X(02)00461-8

Z. Molnar and C. Blakemore, How do thalamic axons find their way to the cortex?, Trends in Neurosciences, vol.18, issue.9, pp.389-97, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0166-2236(95)93935-Q

J. J. Lo-turco and A. R. Kriegstein, Clusters of coupled neuroblasts in embryonic neocortex, Science, vol.252, issue.5005, pp.563-569, 1991.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1850552

H. A. Cameron, T. G. Hazel, and R. D. Mckay, Regulation of neurogenesis by growth factors and neurotransmitters, Journal of Neurobiology, vol.21, issue.2, pp.287-306, 1998.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4695(199808)36:2<287::AID-NEU13>3.0.CO;2-B

A. F. Bicalho, C. Guatimosim, M. A. Prado, M. V. Gomez, and M. A. Romano-silva, Investigation of the modulation of glutamate release by sodium channels using neurotoxins, Neuroscience, vol.113, issue.1, pp.115-138, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0306-4522(02)00139-2

G. Romey and M. Lazdunski, Lipid-soluble toxins thought to be specific for Na+ channels block Ca2+ channels in neuronal cells, Nature, vol.71, issue.5861, pp.79-80, 1982.
DOI : 10.1038/297079a0

C. Stier, G. Skorka, R. Sohr, and T. Ott, Time course and role of extracellular Ca2+ in veratridine-induced glutamate release, NeuroReport, vol.7, issue.2, pp.401-405, 1996.
DOI : 10.1097/00001756-199601310-00006

J. L. Do-nascimento, A. L. Ventura, and R. Paes-de-carvalho, Veratridine- and glutamate-induced release of [3H]-GABA from cultured chick retina cells: possible involvement of a GAT-1-like subtype of GABA transporter, Brain Research, vol.798, issue.1-2, pp.217-222, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-8993(98)00417-X

G. Halmosa, A. Gaborjan, B. Lendvai, G. Repassy, L. Z. Szabo et al., Veratridine-evoked release of dopamine from guinea pig isolated cochlea, Hearing Research, vol.144, issue.1-2, pp.89-96, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-5955(00)00053-8

G. Chernaya, M. Vasquez, and J. P. Reeves, Sodium-Calcium Exchange and Store-dependent Calcium Influx in Transfected Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells Expressing the Bovine Cardiac Sodium-Calcium Exchanger: ACCELERATION OF EXCHANGE ACTIVITY IN THAPSIGARGIN-TREATED CELLS, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.271, issue.10, pp.5378-85, 1996.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.271.10.5378

T. A. Weissman, P. A. Riquelme, L. Ivic, A. C. Flint, and A. R. Kriegstein, Calcium Waves Propagate through Radial Glial Cells and Modulate Proliferation in the Developing Neocortex, Neuron, vol.43, issue.5, pp.647-61, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuron.2004.08.015

G. Meyer, J. M. Soria, J. R. Martinez-galan, B. Martin-clemente, and A. Fairen, Different origins and developmental histories of transient neurons in the marginal zone of the fetal and neonatal rat cortex, The Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol.376, issue.4, pp.493-518, 1998.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19980810)397:4<493::AID-CNE4>3.0.CO;2-X

L. N. Borodinsky, C. M. Root, J. A. Cronin, S. B. Sann, X. Gu et al., Activity-dependent homeostatic specification of transmitter expression in embryonic neurons, Nature, vol.305, issue.6991, pp.523-553, 2004.
DOI : 10.1006/dbio.1995.1023

L. Nguyen, J. M. Rigo, V. Rocher, S. Belachew, B. Malgrange et al., Neurotransmitters as early signals for central nervous system development, Cell and Tissue Research, vol.305, issue.2, pp.187-202, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/s004410000343

URL : http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/request-copy/2268/4909/8895/Cell%20Tiss%20Res%20%282001%29%20Nguyen.pdf

H. Komuro and P. Rakic, Modulation of neuronal migration by NMDA receptors, Science, vol.260, issue.5104, pp.95-102, 1993.
DOI : 10.1126/science.8096653

D. J. Rossi and N. T. Slater, The developmental onset of NMDA receptor-channel activity during neuronal migration, Neuropharmacology, vol.32, issue.11, pp.1239-1287, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0028-3908(93)90018-X

A. C. Flint, X. Liu, and A. R. Kriegstein, Nonsynaptic Glycine Receptor Activation during Early Neocortical Development, Neuron, vol.20, issue.1, pp.43-53, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80433-X

URL : http://doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80433-x

Y. Ben-ari, E. Cherubini, R. Corradetti, and J. L. Gaiarsa, Giant synaptic potentials in immature rat CA3 hippocampal neurones., The Journal of Physiology, vol.416, issue.1, pp.303-328, 1989.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.1989.sp017762

J. M. Mienville, Persistent depolarizing action of GABA in rat Cajal-Retzius cells, The Journal of Physiology, vol.16, issue.3, pp.809-826, 1998.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1998.809bd.x

P. Benitez-diaz, L. Miranda-contreras, R. V. Mendoza-briceno, Z. Pena-contreras, and E. Palacios-prü, Prenatal and Postnatal Contents of Amino Acid Neurotransmitters in Mouse Parietal Cortex, Developmental Neuroscience, vol.25, issue.5, pp.366-74, 2003.
DOI : 10.1159/000073514

J. Morante-oria, A. Carleton, B. Ortino, E. J. Kremer, A. Fairen et al., Subpallial origin of a population of projecting pioneer neurons during corticogenesis, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.140, issue.2, pp.12468-73, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0165-3806(02)00604-1

A. Aguilo, T. H. Schwartz, V. S. Kumar, Z. A. Peterlin, A. Tsiola et al., Involvement of cajal-retzius neurons in spontaneous correlated activity of embryonic and postnatal layer 1 from wild-type and reeler mice, J Neurosci, vol.19, issue.24, pp.10856-68, 1999.

M. Albrieux, J. C. Platel, A. Dupuis, M. Villaz, and W. J. Moody, Early Expression of Sodium Channel Transcripts and Sodium Current by Cajal-Retzius Cells in the Preplate of the Embryonic Mouse Neocortex, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.24, issue.7, pp.1719-1744, 2004.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3548-02.2004

M. Albrieux, C. Sardet, and M. Villaz, The Two Intracellular Ca2+Release Channels, Ryanodine Receptor and Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor, Play Different Roles during Fertilization in Ascidians, Developmental Biology, vol.189, issue.2, pp.174-85, 1997.
DOI : 10.1006/dbio.1997.8674

K. M. Allen, C. A. Et, and . Walsh, Genes that regulate neuronal migration in the cerebral cortex, Epilepsy Research, vol.36, issue.2-3, pp.143-54, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0920-1211(99)00048-0

S. A. Anderson, O. Marin, C. Horn, K. Jennings, and J. L. Rubenstein, Distinct cortical migrations from the medial and lateral ganglionic eminences, Development, vol.128, issue.3, pp.353-63, 2001.

H. L. Bahrey, W. J. Et, and . Moody, Voltage-gated Currents, Dye and Electrical Coupling in the Embryonic Mouse Neocortex, Cerebral Cortex, vol.13, issue.3, pp.239-51, 2003.
DOI : 10.1093/cercor/13.3.239

S. Beckh, M. Noda, H. Lubbert, and S. Numa, Differential regulation of three sodium channel messenger RNAs in the rat central nervous system during development, Embo J, vol.8, issue.12, pp.3611-3617, 1989.

T. N. Behar, Y. X. Li, H. T. Tran, W. Ma, V. Dunlap et al., GABA stimulates chemotaxis and chemokinesis of embryonic cortical neurons via calciumdependent mechanisms, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.16, issue.5, pp.1808-1826, 1996.

T. N. Behar, A. E. Schaffner, C. A. Scott, C. L. Greene, and J. L. Barker, GABA Receptor Antagonists Modulate Postmitotic Cell Migration in Slice Cultures of Embryonic Rat Cortex, Cerebral Cortex, vol.10, issue.9, pp.899-909, 2000.
DOI : 10.1093/cercor/10.9.899

T. N. Behar, C. A. Scott, C. L. Greene, X. Wen, S. V. Smith et al., Glutamate acting at NMDA receptors stimulates embryonic cortical neuronal migration, J Neurosci, vol.19, issue.11, pp.4449-61, 1999.

T. N. Behar, S. V. Smith, R. T. Kennedy, J. M. Mckenzie, I. Maric et al., GABAB Receptors Mediate Motility Signals for Migrating Embryonic Cortical Cells, Cerebral Cortex, vol.11, issue.8, pp.744-53, 2001.
DOI : 10.1093/cercor/11.8.744

URL : http://cercor.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/11/8/744

Y. Ben-ari, Developing networks play a similar melody, Trends in Neurosciences, vol.24, issue.6, pp.353-60, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0166-2236(00)01813-0

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00484881

Y. Ben-ari, E. Cherubini, R. Corradetti, and J. L. Gaiarsa, Giant synaptic potentials in immature rat CA3 hippocampal neurones., The Journal of Physiology, vol.416, issue.1, pp.303-328, 1989.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.1989.sp017762

Y. Ben-ari, I. Khalilov, A. Represa, and H. Gozlan, Interneurons set the tune of developing networks, Trends in Neurosciences, vol.27, issue.7, pp.422-429, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tins.2004.05.002

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00484646

P. Benitez-diaz, L. Miranda-contreras, R. V. Mendoza-briceno, Z. Pena-contreras, and E. Palacios-pru, Prenatal and Postnatal Contents of Amino Acid Neurotransmitters in Mouse Parietal Cortex, Developmental Neuroscience, vol.25, issue.5, pp.366-74, 2003.
DOI : 10.1159/000073514

M. Bentivoglio, P. Et, and . Mazzarello, The history of radial glia, Brain Research Bulletin, vol.49, issue.5, pp.305-320, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0361-9230(99)00065-9

L. N. Borodinsky, C. M. Root, J. A. Cronin, S. B. Sann, X. Gu et al., Activity-dependent homeostatic specification of transmitter expression in embryonic neurons, Nature, vol.305, issue.6991, pp.523-553, 2004.
DOI : 10.1006/dbio.1995.1023

G. Bruckner, D. Et, and . Biesold, Histochemistry of glycogen deposition in perinatal rat brain: importance of radial glial cells, Journal of Neurocytology, vol.44, issue.5, pp.749-57, 1981.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01262651

V. S. Caviness, . Jr, P. Et, and . Rakic, Mechanisms of Cortical Development: A View From Mutations in Mice, Annual Review of Neuroscience, vol.1, issue.1, pp.297-326, 1978.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.ne.01.030178.001501

G. Chanas-sacre, B. Rogister, G. Moonen, and P. Leprince, Radial glia phenotype: Origin, regulation, and transdifferentiation, Journal of Neuroscience Research, vol.272, issue.4, pp.357-63, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/1097-4547(20000815)61:4<357::AID-JNR1>3.0.CO;2-7

R. Corlew, M. M. Bosma, and W. J. Moody, Spontaneous, synchronous electrical activity in neonatal mouse cortical neurones, The Journal of Physiology, vol.526, issue.2, pp.377-90, 2004.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.2004.071621

D. R. Cotter, M. Honavar, and I. Everall, Focal cortical dysplasia: a neuropathological and developmental perspective, Epilepsy Research, vol.36, issue.2-3, pp.155-64, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0920-1211(99)00049-2

J. A. De-carlos, L. Lopez-mascaraque, and F. Valverde, Dynamics of cell migration from the lateral ganglionic eminence in the rat, J Neurosci, vol.16, pp.6146-56, 1996.

T. W. Deacon, P. Pakzaban, and O. Isacson, The lateral ganglionic eminence is the origin of cells committed to striatal phenotypes: neural transplantation and developmental evidence, Brain Research, vol.668, issue.1-2, pp.211-220, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0006-8993(94)90526-6

D. Rio, J. A. , A. Mart-'inez, M. Fonseca, C. Auladell et al., Glutamate-like immunoreactivity and fate of Cajal-Retzius cells in the murine cortex as identified with calretinin antibody, Cerebral Cortex, vol.5, issue.1, pp.13-21, 1995.

M. Demarque, A. Represa, H. Becq, I. Khalilov, Y. Ben-ari et al., Paracrine Intercellular Communication by a Ca2+- and SNARE-Independent Release of GABA and Glutamate Prior to Synapse Formation, Neuron, vol.36, issue.6, pp.1051-61, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-6273(02)01053-X

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00484866

M. Demarque, N. Villeneuve, J. B. Manent, H. Becq, A. Represa et al., Glutamate Transporters Prevent the Generation of Seizures in the Developing Rat Neocortex, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.24, issue.13, pp.3289-94, 2004.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5338-03.2004

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00484643

S. S. Easter, L. S. Jr, A. Ross, and . Frankfurter, Initial tract formation in the mouse brain, J Neurosci, vol.13, issue.1, pp.285-99, 1993.

A. V. Faure, D. Grunwald, M. J. Moutin, M. Hilly, J. P. Mauger et al., Developmental expression of the calcium release channels during early neurogenesis of the mouse cerebral cortex, European Journal of Neuroscience, vol.270, issue.10, pp.1613-1635, 2001.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19990405)406:2<207::AID-CNE6>3.3.CO;2-Z

A. C. Flint, X. Liu, and A. R. Kriegstein, Nonsynaptic Glycine Receptor Activation during Early Neocortical Development, Neuron, vol.20, issue.1, pp.43-53, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80433-X

URL : http://doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80433-x

J. W. Fox, E. D. Lamperti, Y. Z. Eksioglu, S. E. Hong, Y. Feng et al., Mutations in filamin 1 Prevent Migration of Cerebral Cortical Neurons in Human Periventricular Heterotopia, Neuron, vol.21, issue.6, pp.1315-1340, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80651-0

K. Frederiksen, R. D. Et, and . Mckay, Proliferation and differentiation of rat neuroepithelial precursor cells in vivo, J Neurosci, vol.8, issue.4, pp.1144-51, 1988.

R. C. Froemke, V. S. Kumar, P. Czkwianianc, and R. Yuste, Analysis of Multineuronal Activation Patterns from Calcium-Imaging Experiments in Brain Slices, Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine, vol.12, issue.6, pp.247-52, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1050-1738(02)00169-X

M. Frotscher, Cajal???Retzius cells, Reelin, and the formation of layers, Current Opinion in Neurobiology, vol.8, issue.5, pp.570-575, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0959-4388(98)80082-2

L. Galli, L. Et, and . Maffei, Spontaneous impulse activity of rat retinal ganglion cells in prenatal life, Science, vol.242, issue.4875, pp.90-91, 1988.
DOI : 10.1126/science.3175637

O. Garaschuk, E. Hanse, and A. Konnerth, Developmental profile and synaptic origin of early network oscillations in the CA1 region of rat neonatal hippocampus, The Journal of Physiology, vol.257, issue.1, pp.219-255, 1998.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1998.219bu.x

X. Gu, N. C. Et, and . Spitzer, Low-threshold Ca2+ current and its role in spontaneous elevations of intracellular Ca2+ in developing Xenopus neurons, J Neurosci, vol.13, issue.11, pp.4936-4984, 1993.

X. Gu, N. C. Et, and . Spitzer, Distinct aspects of neuronal differentiation encoded by frequency of spontaneous Ca2+ transients, Nature, vol.375, issue.6534, pp.784-791, 1995.
DOI : 10.1038/375784a0

X. Gu, N. C. Et, and . Spitzer, Breaking the Code: Regulation of Neuronal Differentiation by Spontaneous Calcium Transients, Developmental Neuroscience, vol.19, issue.1, pp.33-41, 1997.
DOI : 10.1159/000111183

A. Gupta, L. H. Tsai, and A. Wynshaw-boris, LIFE IS A JOURNEY: A GENETIC LOOK AT NEOCORTICAL DEVELOPMENT, Nature Reviews Genetics, vol.3, issue.5, pp.342-55, 2002.
DOI : 10.1038/nrg799

E. Hartfuss, R. Galli, N. Heins, and M. Gotz, Characterization of CNS Precursor Subtypes and Radial Glia, Developmental Biology, vol.229, issue.1, pp.15-30, 2001.
DOI : 10.1006/dbio.2000.9962

T. F. Haydar, L. L. Bambrick, B. K. Krueger, and P. Rakic, Organotypic slice cultures for analysis of proliferation, cell death, and migration in the embryonic neocortex, Brain Research Protocols, vol.4, issue.3, pp.425-462, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S1385-299X(99)00033-1

T. F. Haydar, F. Wang, M. L. Schwartz, and P. Rakic, Differential Modulation of Proliferation in the Neocortical Ventricular and Subventricular Zones, J Neurosci, vol.20, issue.15, pp.5764-5774, 2000.

L. P. Henderson, N. C. Et, and . Spitzer, Autonomous early differentiation of neurons and muscle cells in single cell cultures, Developmental Biology, vol.113, issue.2, pp.381-388, 1986.
DOI : 10.1016/0012-1606(86)90173-9

R. F. Hevner, T. Neogi, C. Englund, R. A. Daza, and A. Fink, Cajal???Retzius cells in the mouse: transcription factors, neurotransmitters, and birthdays suggest a pallial origin, Developmental Brain Research, vol.141, issue.1-2, pp.39-53, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0165-3806(02)00641-7

J. Holliday, R. J. Adams, T. J. Sejnowski, and N. C. Spitzer, Calcium-induced release of calcium regulates differentiation of cultured spinal neurons, Neuron, vol.7, issue.5, pp.787-96, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0896-6273(91)90281-4

J. Holliday, N. C. Et, and . Spitzer, Spontaneous calcium influx and its roles in differentiation of spinal neurons in culture, Developmental Biology, vol.141, issue.1, pp.13-23, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0012-1606(90)90098-4

D. H. Hubel and T. N. Et, Receptive Fields Of Cells In Striate Cortex Of Very Young, Visually Inexperienced Kittens, J Neurophysiol, vol.26, pp.994-1002, 1963.

Y. Jossin, M. Ogawa, C. Metin, F. Tissir, and A. M. Goffinet, Inhibition of SRC family kinases and non-classical protein kinases C induce a reeler-like malformation of cortical plate development, J Neurosci, vol.23, issue.30, pp.9953-9962, 2003.

M. Kato, W. B. Et, and . Dobyns, Lissencephaly and the molecular basis of neuronal migration, Human Molecular Genetics, vol.12, issue.90001, pp.89-96, 2003.
DOI : 10.1093/hmg/ddg086

H. Komuro, P. Et, and . Rakic, Selective role of N-type calcium channels in neuronal migration, Science, vol.257, issue.5071, pp.806-815, 1992.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1323145

H. Komuro, P. Et, and . Rakic, Modulation of neuronal migration by NMDA receptors, Science, vol.260, issue.5104, pp.95-102, 1993.
DOI : 10.1126/science.8096653

H. Komuro, P. Et, and . Rakic, Intracellular Ca2+ Fluctuations Modulate the Rate of Neuronal Migration, Neuron, vol.17, issue.2, pp.275-85, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80159-2

H. Komuro, P. Et, and . Rakic, Distinct modes of neuronal migration in different domains of developing cerebellar cortex, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.18, issue.4, pp.1478-90, 1998.

H. Komuro, P. Et, and . Rakic, Orchestration of neuronal migration by activity of ion channels, neurotransmitter receptors, and intracellular Ca2+ fluctuations, Journal of Neurobiology, vol.141, issue.1, pp.110-140, 1998.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4695(199810)37:1<110::AID-NEU9>3.0.CO;2-C

A. R. Kriegstein, Cortical neurogenesis and its disorders, Current Opinion in Neurology, vol.9, issue.2, pp.113-120, 1996.
DOI : 10.1097/00019052-199604000-00010

A. A. Lavdas, M. Grigoriou, V. Pachnis, and J. G. Parnavelas, The medial ganglionic eminence gives rise to a population of early neurons in the developing cerebral cortex [In Process Citation], J Neurosci, vol.19, issue.18, pp.7881-7889, 1999.

C. W. Lee, S. J. Eglen, and R. O. Wong, Segregation of ON and OFF Retinogeniculate Connectivity Directed by Patterned Spontaneous Activity, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.88, issue.5, pp.2311-2332, 2002.
DOI : 10.1152/jn.00372.2002

A. Lehmann, J. W. Lazarewicz, and M. Zeise, N-Methylaspartate-Evoked Liberation of Taurine and Phosphoethanolamine In Vivo: Site of Release, Journal of Neurochemistry, vol.219, issue.4, pp.1172-1179, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-3940(83)90530-X

R. J. Leventer, D. T. Pilz, N. Matsumoto, D. H. Ledbetter, and W. B. Dobyns, Lissencephaly and subcortical band heterotopia: molecular basis and diagnosis, Molecular Medicine Today, vol.6, issue.7, pp.277-84, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S1357-4310(00)01730-5

X. Liu, Q. Wang, T. F. Haydar, and A. Bordey, Nonsynaptic GABA signaling in postnatal subventricular zone controls proliferation of GFAP-expressing progenitors, Nature Neuroscience, vol.19, issue.9, pp.1179-87, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/S1385-299X(99)00033-1

J. J. Lo-turco, A. R. Et, and . Kriegstein, Clusters of coupled neuroblasts in embryonic neocortex, Science, vol.252, issue.5005, pp.563-569, 1991.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1850552

J. J. Loturco, D. F. Owens, M. J. Heath, M. B. Davis, and A. R. Kriegstein, GABA and glutamate depolarize cortical progenitor cells and inhibit DNA synthesis, Neuron, vol.15, issue.6, pp.1287-98, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0896-6273(95)90008-X

A. K. Macleod, A. Et, and . Byrne, Anxiety, depression, and the anticipation of future positive and negative experiences., Journal of Abnormal Psychology, vol.105, issue.2, pp.286-295, 1996.
DOI : 10.1037/0021-843X.105.2.286

P. Malatesta, E. Hartfuss, and M. Gotz, Isolation of radial glial cells by fluorescentactivated cell sorting reveals a neuronal lineage, Development, vol.127, issue.24, pp.5253-63, 2000.

J. B. Manent, M. Demarque, I. Jorquera, C. Pellegrino, Y. Ben-ari et al., A Noncanonical Release of GABA and Glutamate Modulates Neuronal Migration, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.25, issue.19, pp.4755-65, 2005.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0553-05.2005

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00484364

B. Q. Mao, F. Hamzei-sichani, D. Aronov, R. C. Froemke, and R. Yuste, Dynamics of Spontaneous Activity in Neocortical Slices, Neuron, vol.32, issue.5, pp.883-98, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00518-9

M. Marin-padilla, Structural organization of the human cerebral cortex prior to the appearance of the cortical plate, Anatomy and Embryology, vol.71, issue.1, pp.21-40, 1983.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00305396

M. Marin-padilla, Cajal???Retzius cells and the development of the neocortex, Trends in Neurosciences, vol.21, issue.2, pp.64-71, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0166-2236(97)01164-8

S. K. Mcconnell, Chapter 12 Plasticity and commitment in the developing cerebral cortex, Progress in Brain Research, vol.105, pp.129-172, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/S0079-6123(08)63290-2

S. K. Mcconnell, A. Ghosh, and C. J. Shatz, Subplate pioneers and the formation of descending connections from cerebral cortex, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.14, issue.4, pp.1892-907, 1994.

M. Meister, R. O. Wong, D. A. Baylor, and C. J. Shatz, Synchronous bursts of action potentials in ganglion cells of the developing mammalian retina, Science, vol.252, issue.5008, pp.939-982, 1991.
DOI : 10.1126/science.2035024

C. Metin, J. P. Denizot, and N. Ropert, Intermediate zone cells express calciumpermeable AMPA receptors and establish close contact with growing axons [In Process Citation], J Neurosci, vol.20, issue.2, pp.696-708, 2000.

G. Meyer, C. G. Perez-garcia, and J. G. Gleeson, Selective Expression of Doublecortin and LIS1 in Developing Human Cortex Suggests Unique Modes of Neuronal Movement, Cerebral Cortex, vol.12, issue.12, pp.1225-1261, 2002.
DOI : 10.1093/cercor/12.12.1225

S. Miyama, T. Takahashi, R. S. Nowakowski, V. S. Caviness, and J. , A gradient in the duration of the G1 phase in the murine neocortical proliferative epithelium, Cerebral Cortex, vol.7, issue.7, pp.678-89, 1997.
DOI : 10.1093/cercor/7.7.678

Z. Molnar, C. Et, and . Blakemore, How do thalamic axons find their way to the cortex?, Trends in Neurosciences, vol.18, issue.9, pp.389-97, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0166-2236(95)93935-Q

W. J. Moody, 5 The Development of Voltage-Gated Ion Channels and Its Relation to Activity-Dependent Developmental Events, Current Topics in Developmental Biology, vol.39, pp.159-85, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0070-2153(08)60455-X

D. K. Morest, A study of neurogenesis in the forebrain of opossum pouch young, Zeitschrift f???r Anatomie und Entwicklungsgeschichte, vol.131, issue.4, pp.265-305, 1970.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00520999

B. Nadarajah, J. G. Et, and . Parnavelas, Modes of neuronal migration in the developing cerebral cortex, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, vol.128, issue.6, pp.423-455, 2002.
DOI : 10.1038/nrn845

L. Nguyen, J. M. Rigo, V. Rocher, S. Belachew, B. Malgrange et al., Neurotransmitters as early signals for central nervous system development, Cell and Tissue Research, vol.305, issue.2, pp.187-202, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/s004410000343

URL : http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/request-copy/2268/4909/8895/Cell%20Tiss%20Res%20%282001%29%20Nguyen.pdf

A. Nimmerjahn, F. Kirchhoff, J. N. Kerr, and F. Helmchen, Sulforhodamine 101 as a specific marker of astroglia in the neocortex in vivo, Nature Methods, vol.263, issue.1, pp.31-38, 2004.
DOI : 10.1038/nmeth706

S. C. Noctor, A. C. Flint, T. A. Weissman, R. S. Dammerman, and A. R. Kriegstein, Neurons derived from radial glial cells establish radial units in neocortex, Nature, vol.409, issue.6821, pp.714-734, 2001.
DOI : 10.1038/35055553

S. C. Noctor, V. Martinez-cerdeno, L. Ivic, and A. R. Kriegstein, Cortical neurons arise in symmetric and asymmetric division zones and migrate through specific phases, Nature Neuroscience, vol.7, issue.2, pp.136-180, 2004.
DOI : 10.1038/nn1172

N. A. O-'rourke, M. E. Dailey, S. J. Smith, and S. K. Mcconnell, Diverse migratory pathways in the developing cerebral cortex, Science, vol.258, issue.5080, pp.299-302, 1992.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1411527

D. F. Owens, A. C. Flint, R. S. Dammerman, and A. R. Kriegstein, Calcium Dynamics of Neocortical Ventricular Zone Cells, Developmental Neuroscience, vol.22, issue.1-2, pp.25-33, 2000.
DOI : 10.1159/000017424

D. F. Owens, A. R. Et, and . Kriegstein, Patterns of intracellular calcium fluctuation in precursor cells of the neocortical ventricular zone, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.18, issue.14, pp.5374-88, 1998.

P. Bahrey, H. L. Et, and W. J. Moody, Early Development of Voltage-Gated Ion Currents and Firing Properties in Neurons of the Mouse Cerebral Cortex, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.89, issue.4, pp.1761-73, 2003.
DOI : 10.1152/jn.00972.2002

S. K. Pixley, J. Et, and . De-vellis, Transition between immature radial glia and mature astrocytes studied with a monoclonal antibody to vimentin, Developmental Brain Research, vol.15, issue.2, pp.201-210, 1984.
DOI : 10.1016/0165-3806(84)90097-X

S. Poluch, N. Et, and . Konig, AMPA receptor activation induces GABA release from neurons migrating tangentially in the intermediate zone of embryonic rat neocortex, European Journal of Neuroscience, vol.128, issue.2, pp.350-354, 2002.
DOI : 10.1038/35055553

P. Rakic, Mode of cell migration to the superficial layers of fetal monkey neocortex, The Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol.2, issue.1, pp.61-83, 1972.
DOI : 10.1002/cne.901450105

P. Rakic, Neurons in Rhesus Monkey Visual Cortex: Systematic Relation between Time of Origin and Eventual Disposition, Science, vol.183, issue.4123, pp.425-432, 1974.
DOI : 10.1126/science.183.4123.425

P. Rakic, Radial Unit Hypothesis of Neocortical Expansion, Novartis Found Symp, vol.228, pp.30-42, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/0470846631.ch3

A. Represa and Y. Ben-ari, Trophic actions of GABA on neuronal development, Trends in Neurosciences, vol.28, issue.6, pp.278-83, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tins.2005.03.010

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00484557

F. C. Sauer, The cellular structure of the neural tube, The Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol.37, issue.1, pp.13-23, 1935.
DOI : 10.1002/cne.900630103

F. C. Sauer, Mitosis in the neural tube, The Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol.52, issue.2, pp.377-405, 1935.
DOI : 10.1002/cne.900620207

G. Schiavo, F. Benfenati, B. Poulain, O. Rossetto, P. Polverino-de-laureto et al., Tetanus and botulinum-B neurotoxins block neurotransmitter release by proteolytic cleavage of synaptobrevin, Nature, vol.359, issue.6398, pp.832-837, 1992.
DOI : 10.1038/359832a0

D. E. Schmechel, P. Et, and . Rakic, A golgi study of radial glial cells in developing monkey telencephalon: Morphogenesis and transformation into astrocytes, Anatomy and Embryology, vol.167, issue.2, pp.115-52, 1979.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00300010

T. H. Schwartz, D. Rabinowitz, V. Unni, V. S. Kumar, D. K. Smetters et al., Networks of Coactive Neurons in Developing Layer 1, Neuron, vol.20, issue.3, pp.541-52, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80993-9

G. M. Shoukimas, J. W. Et, and . Hinds, The development of the cerebral cortex in the embryonic mouse: An electron microscopic serial section analysis, The Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol.184, issue.4, pp.795-830, 1978.
DOI : 10.1002/cne.901790407

S. M. Sisodiya, Malformations of cortical development: burdens and insights from important causes of human epilepsy, The Lancet Neurology, vol.3, issue.1, pp.29-38, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S1474-4422(03)00620-3

J. P. Smith, L. A. Cunningham, and L. D. Partridge, Coupling of AMPA receptors with the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger in cultured rat astrocytes, Brain Research, vol.887, issue.1, pp.98-109, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-8993(00)02973-5

N. C. Spitzer, R. C. Debaca, K. A. Allen, and J. Holliday, Calcium dependence of differentiation of GABA immunoreactivity in spinal neurons, The Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol.305, issue.1, pp.168-75, 1993.
DOI : 10.1002/cne.903370111

N. C. Spitzer, X. Et, and . Gu, Purposeful patterns of spontaneous calcium transients in embryonic spinal neurons, Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology, vol.8, issue.1, pp.13-22, 1997.
DOI : 10.1006/scdb.1996.0116

N. C. Spitzer, N. J. Lautermilch, R. D. Smith, and T. M. Gomez, Coding of neuronal differentiation by calcium transients, BioEssays, vol.14, issue.9, pp.811-818, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/1521-1878(200009)22:9<811::AID-BIES6>3.0.CO;2-G

D. Stellwagen, C. J. Shatz, and M. B. Feller, Dynamics of Retinal Waves Are Controlled by Cyclic AMP, Neuron, vol.24, issue.3, pp.673-85, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)81121-6

L. Stoppini, P. A. Buchs, and D. Muller, A simple method for organotypic cultures of nervous tissue, Journal of Neuroscience Methods, vol.37, issue.2, pp.173-82, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0165-0270(91)90128-M

J. A. Sturman, P. Lu, Y. X. Xu, and H. Imaki, Feline Maternal Taurine Deficiency: Effects on Visual Cortex of the Offspring. A Morphometric and Immunohistochemical Study, Adv Exp Med Biol, vol.359, pp.369-84, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4899-1471-2_38

H. Super, A. Martinez, and E. Soriano, Degeneration of Cajal-Retzius cells in the developing cerebral cortex of the mouse after ablation of meningeal cells by 6-hydroxydopamine, Developmental Brain Research, vol.98, issue.1, pp.15-20, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0165-3806(96)00155-1

T. Takahashi, R. S. Nowakowski, V. S. Caviness, and J. , The cell cycle of the pseudostratified ventricular epithelium of the embryonic murine cerebral wall, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.15, issue.9, pp.6046-57, 1995.

S. S. Tan, S. Et, and . Breen, Radial mosaicism and tangential cell dispersion both contribute to mouse neocortical development, Nature, vol.362, issue.6421, pp.638-678, 1993.
DOI : 10.1038/362638a0

R. Y. Tsien, New calcium indicators and buffers with high selectivity against magnesium and protons: design, synthesis, and properties of prototype structures, Biochemistry, vol.19, issue.11, pp.2396-404, 1980.
DOI : 10.1021/bi00552a018

F. Valverde, C. A. De, and M. Opez, Time of Origin and Early Fate of Preplate Cells in the Cerebral Cortex of the Rat, Cerebral Cortex, vol.5, issue.6, pp.483-93, 1995.
DOI : 10.1093/cercor/5.6.483

C. Walsh, C. L. Et, and . Cepko, Widespread dispersion of neuronal clones across functional regions of the cerebral cortex, Science, vol.255, issue.5043, pp.434-474, 1992.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1734520

S. D. Watt, X. Gu, R. D. Smith, and N. C. Spitzer, Specific Frequencies of Spontaneous Ca2+ Transients Upregulate GAD 67 Transcripts in Embryonic Spinal Neurons, Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, vol.16, issue.4, pp.376-87, 2000.
DOI : 10.1006/mcne.2000.0871

T. A. Weissman, P. A. Riquelme, L. Ivic, A. C. Flint, and A. R. Kriegstein, Calcium Waves Propagate through Radial Glial Cells and Modulate Proliferation in the Developing Neocortex, Neuron, vol.43, issue.5, pp.647-61, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuron.2004.08.015

J. Wiedehage, J. Schmidtmayer, and E. Buse, Development of membrane currents in mammalian neuroventricular cells from the early neural tube stage in vitro: Aspects of the neuronal lineage, International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, vol.10, issue.5, pp.375-85, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0736-5748(92)90027-W

R. Yuste, L. C. Et, and . Katz, Control of postsynaptic Ca2+ influx in developing neocortex by excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, Neuron, vol.6, issue.3, pp.333-377, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0896-6273(91)90243-S

R. Yuste, D. A. Nelson, W. W. Rubin, and L. C. Katz, Neuronal domains in developing neocortex: Mechanisms of coactivation, Neuron, vol.14, issue.1, pp.7-17, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0896-6273(95)90236-8

R. Yuste, A. Peinado, and L. C. Katz, Neuronal domains in developing neocortex, Science, vol.257, issue.5070, pp.665-674, 1992.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1496379

F. M. Zhou, J. J. Et, and . Hablitz, Layer I neurons of rat neocortex. I. Action potential and repetitive firing properties, J Neurophysiol, vol.76, issue.2, pp.651-67, 1996.