H. and ?. ?h, holonomie ? ´ equivautàequivaut`equivautà montrer que l'action de ? sur le bord de Penrose préserve un compact Lorsqu'un tel compact invariant existe, il contient un unique fermé ?-invariant minimal M qui est une sphère topologique, graphe d'une application de S n?2 dans R. LesélémentsLeséléments de M sont des hyperplans dégénérés qui s'interprètent commé etant les hyperplans supports de deux domaines convexes ouverts ? ± de Minkowski : les variétés lorentziennes plates Cauchy-compactes maximales d'holonomie ? sont les quotients ?\? ± : il y en a deux, l'une géodésiquementcompì ete dans le futur, l'autre dans le passé. Il s'avère que les représentations ? ? G = Isom(R 1,n?1 ) satisfaisant cette hypothèse sont (G, Y )-Anosov, o` u Y est l'espace des paires de points du bord de Penrose qui ne sont pas sur une même droite dégénérée. J'ai pris conscience de ce fait postérieurementpostérieurement`postérieurementà la rédaction de [26], mais il me semble utile de le rapporter ici, puisqu'il s

. Du-reste, est le moment d'indiquer que la classification des variétés Cauchy-compactes localement anti-de Sitter a ´ eté effectuée en dimension 3 par G Mess dans le preprint pionnier [148] (on peut aussi conseiller la lecture de [29]) ; mais l'extensionàextension`extensionà toute dimension de cette classification reste une question autant ouverte que captivante. La classification des variétés Cauchy-compactes localement de Sitter a obtenue une réponse des plus satisfaisante dans la la thèse de K. Scannell ([173]) : si ? est une variété fermée de dimension n ? 1, il y a une correspondance bijective entre les métriques lorentziennes localement de Sitter Cauchy-compactes maximales sur ? × R qui sont géodésiquementcompì etes dans le futur S n?1 )structures sur ?. Ces variétés sont toutesrégulì eres, au sens o` u leur fonction temps cosmologique estrégulì ere, sauf celles qui sont elliptiques ou paraboliques, i.e., les quotients finis de de Sitter, ainsi que celles dont la structure conforme correspondante sur ? est quotient conforme de R n?1 euclidien. Ajoutons un commentaire sur les espaces unipotentsévoquésunipotentsévoqués dans l' " introduction " : lapremì ere occurence que j'en ai détecté dans la littérature, en dimension 3 + 1, est [93], sous un aspect légèrement différent

. Enfin, introduction " de l'existence et unicité de feuilletages CMC sur les variétés plates Cauchy-compactes : cet aspect est l

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