1 ? Carte de localisation des zones de rupture des grands séismes entre le nord de l'Equateur et le sud-ouest de la Colombie (ellipses en pointillé) adaptée de Sont représentés : lesépicentreslesépicentres (´ etoiles), les répliques relocalisées pendant trois mois, 2004. ,
Herd Beck and Ruff, 1984] 3.6 Conclusions 1. La migration/inversion rais+Born permet d'obtenir une carte de perturbations des paramètres physiques (i.e. variations de vitesse). Cépendant, cette méthode est basée sur une approximation haute fréquence du Hessien qui implique que les valeurs des perturbations estimées sont exactes seulement, 1981. ,
along a reflector geometrically colinear with the interplate contact, suggesting that HVB is separated by a interface (discontinuity) from the subducting plate These observations support the idea that the HVB is associated to the upper plate Geochemical and petrological studies [Spadea and Espinoza Ingeominas, 1988], gravimetry data surveys, seismic profiles [Marcaillou, 2003] and petroleum exploration drilling [Ojeda and Calife, 1987, Ecopetrol, 1992] have indicated that a series of mesozoic terranes of oceanic afinity, which outcrops in Gorgona Island and the Western Cordillera of Colombia, extend throughtout the region thus forming the basement of Tumaco basin Currently, controversy remains about its origin and tectonic history, in spite of the increasingévidenceincreasingévidence linking these materials with the Caribbean plateau and the Galapagos hotspot activity. In Gorgona Island, geochemistry has shown two different mantle sources interpreted as the trace of Farallon-Nazca ridge and the Galapagos hot spot interaction. They have been dated as 88 My old This all set of data indicate the SW Colombia margin basement consist of a set of heterogenous oceanic terranes. HVB P-wave velocities range (4.5-6.3 km/s) is similar to velocities interpreted from refraction surveys in the Nicoya complex Kerguelen Islands [Charvis et al., 1995] and laboratory mesurement on samples from the Mariana forearc [Ballotti et al., 1992] supporting its interprétation as oceanic affinity materialss) P-wave velocity basement body is modeled, bounded by velocity discontinuities at its base and top. Its southern boundary coincides with that of the 1979 seismic asperity, Moho discontinuity below HVB addition to the high-velocity body, bathymetric and MCS data show that the area of the seismic asperity coincides with crustal shortening supporting a relatively strong interplate mechanical coupling. The origin for this highvelocity body is likely related to a crustal heterogeneity inherited from past accretion of oceanic terranes that form the margin wedge, 1973. ,
Le modèle impulsionnel optimal calculé pour le décollement, montre des variations latérales importantes. Dans ce modèle, le décollement correspond en généraì a une anomalie de vitesse négative (?v ?80 m/s) limitée au toit par une perturbation de vitesse négative etàetà la base par une perturbation de vitesse positive ,
Imagerie zone profonde J'ai voulu combiner le savoir-faire acquis pour l'estimation des vitessesàvitessesà grande-´ echellè a partir des données SGA, avec le savoir-faire acquis pour obtenir une image migrée en profondeur fiablè a partir des données SMT, afin d'intégrer toute l'information complémentaire qui est fournie par les deux types de données ,
une image migrée jusqu'` a 25 km de profondeur a ´ eté obtenue Une zone de splay fault, qui apparaissait demanì ere douteuse sur l'image migrée en temps, a mieuxétémieuxété identifiée, sur l'image migrée. Cette zone, large de ? 2-3 km, est limitée par des réflecteursréflecteurs`réflecteursà vergence océanique qui co¨?ncidentco¨?ncident avec une ,
Ces résultats confirment la validité du modèle de rupture proposé par, 2004. ,
en permettantàtantà la fois d'affiner les modèles thermiques et de mieux positionner la limite supérieure de la zone sismogène Je me suiségalementsuiségalement intéresséintéresséà l'estimation des vitessesàvitessesà grande-´ echelle exclusivementàvementà partir des données SGA, pour l'´ etude de l'aspérité sismologique situéè a des profondeurs plus importantes ,
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