The anatomical basis of intestinal immunity, Immunological Reviews, vol.39, issue.1, pp.145-166, 1997. ,
DOI : 10.1084/jem.183.6.2605
Dynamics of CCR5 Expression by CD4+ T Cells in Lymphoid Tissues during Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, Journal of Virology, vol.74, issue.23, pp.11001-11007, 2000. ,
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.74.23.11001-11007.2000
The mucosal immune system: primary target for HIV infection and AIDS, Trends in Immunology, vol.22, issue.11, pp.626-633, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S1471-4906(01)02039-7
Primary acute simian Influence du polymorphisme du promoteur des sous-types du VIH-1 sur la dynamique de la réplication virale in vivo BIBLIOGRAPHIE 169, 1994. ,
Regulatory functions of Cdk9 and of cyclin T1 in HIV tat transactivation pathway gene expression, J Cell Biochem, vol.75, pp.357-368, 1999. ,
Differential regulation of HIV-1, 2002. ,
long terminal repeats by NF-kappaB and the Tat transactivator, Virology, vol.296, pp.77-83 ,
Vigorous HIV-1-specific CD4+ T cell responses associated with control of viremia, Science, vol.278, pp.1447-1450, 1997. ,
Virus-induced cytokines regulate circulating lymphocyte levels during primary SIV infections, Int Immunol, vol.9, pp.703-712, 1997. ,
HIV-1 LTR C/EBP binding site sequence configurations preferentially encountered in brain lead to enhanced C/EBP factor binding and increased LTR-specific activity, J Neurovirol, vol.7, pp.235-249, 2001. ,
Interaction between CCAAT/enhancer binding protein and cyclic AMP response element binding protein 1 regulates human immunodeficiency virus type 1, 2001. ,
Gene Variants of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Perinatally Infected Long-Term Survivors and Rapid Progressors, AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, vol.13, issue.18, pp.1611-1623, 1997. ,
DOI : 10.1089/aid.1997.13.1611
Broadly cross-reactive HIV-specific cytotoxic Tlymphocytes in highly-exposed persistently seronegative donors, Immunol Lett, vol.66, pp.9-14, 1999. ,
A bulge structure in HIV, 1990. ,
Structural requirements for trans activation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat-directed gene expression by tat: importance of base pairing, loop sequence, and bulges in the tat-responsive sequence, J Virol, vol.64, pp.1402-1406, 1990. ,
T Lymphocytes in HIV-1 Infection as Measured by Ki-67 Antigen, The Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol.375, issue.8, pp.1295-1303, 1998. ,
DOI : 10.1038/375196a0
The immunology of primary HIV infection: which immune responses control HIV replication?, Current Opinion in Immunology, vol.7, issue.4, pp.456-461, 1995. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0952-7915(95)80088-3
Generation of Intestinal T Cells from Progenitors Residing in Gut Cryptopatches, Science, vol.280, issue.5361, pp.275-278, 1998. ,
DOI : 10.1126/science.280.5361.275
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1, 1995. ,
Full-length sequence of an ethiopian human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolate of genetic subtype C, AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, vol.12, pp.1329-1339, 1996. ,
War and peace at mucosal surfaces, Nature Reviews Immunology, vol.67, issue.12, pp.953-964, 2004. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.it.2003.10.007
Induction of lymphocyte proliferation and severe gastrointestinal disease in macaques by a nef gene variant SIVmac239, Am J Pathol, vol.149, pp.163-176, 1996. ,
Down-Modulation of Mature Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II and Up-Regulation of Invariant Chain Cell Surface Expression Are Well-Conserved Functions of Human and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus nef Alleles, Journal of Virology, vol.77, issue.19, pp.10548-10556, 2003. ,
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.77.19.10548-10556.2003
Control of Viremia in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection by CD8+ Lymphocytes, Science, vol.283, issue.5403, pp.857-860, 1999. ,
DOI : 10.1126/science.283.5403.857
Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in gastrointestinal tissues of chronically SIV-infected rhesus monkeys, Blood, vol.98, issue.13, pp.3757-3761, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1182/blood.V98.13.3757
Multi-Step Activation of NF-??B/Rel Transcription Factors, Immunobiology, vol.193, issue.2-4, pp.116-127, 1995. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0171-2985(11)80534-6
Loss of CD4 T lymphocytes in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is more pronounced in the duodenal mucosa than in the peripheral blood. Berlin Diarrhea/Wasting Syndrome Study Group., Gut, vol.37, issue.4, pp.524-529, 1995. ,
DOI : 10.1136/gut.37.4.524
Abnormalities in subset distribution, activation, and differentiation of T ceils isolated from large intestine biopsies in HIV infection, Clinical & Experimental Immunology, vol.10, issue.Suppl.l, pp.430-435, 1994. ,
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1994.tb07014.x
The reservoir for HIV-1 in human peripheral blood is a T cell that maintains expression of CD4, Science, vol.245, pp.305-308, 1989. ,
Characterization of nuclear proteins that bind to the regulatory TGATTGGC motif in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1, 1997. ,
Blocked early-stage latency in the peripheral blood cells of certain individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.89, issue.22, pp.10663-10667, 1992. ,
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.89.22.10663
Trafficking of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Specific CD8+ T Cells to Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue during Chronic Infection, Journal of Virology, vol.77, issue.10, pp.5621-5631, 2003. ,
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.77.10.5621-5631.2003
The beta 7, 1995. ,
Cooperative interaction of Ets-1 with USF-1 required for HIV-1 enhancer activity in T cells, The EMBO Journal, vol.17, issue.6, pp.1728-1739, 1998. ,
DOI : 10.1093/emboj/17.6.1728
Cell Surface Polarity in Epithelia, Annual Review of Cell Biology, vol.1, issue.1, 1985. ,
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.cb.01.110185.001331
Persistence of Infectious HIV on Follicular Dendritic Cells, The Journal of Immunology, vol.166, issue.1, pp.690-696, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.166.1.690
Mucosal Events in the Pathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.179, issue.s3, pp.436-440, 1999. ,
DOI : 10.1086/314812
Macrophage HIV-1 infection and the gastrointestinal tract reservoir, Journal of Leukocyte Biology, vol.74, issue.5, 2003. ,
DOI : 10.1189/jlb.0503219
Biological parameters of HIV-1 infection in primary intestinal lymphocytes and macrophages, J Leukoc Biol, vol.68, pp.360-365, 2000. ,
Anti-termination by SIV Tat Requires Flexibility of the Nascent TAR Structure, Journal of Molecular Biology, vol.344, issue.1, pp.11-28, 2004. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.09.042
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00850259
Impact of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection on lymphocyte numbers and T-cell turnover in different organs of rhesus monkeys, Blood, vol.101, issue.4, pp.1213-1219, 2003. ,
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2002-06-1644
HIV-1 Langerhans' Cell Tropism Associated with Heterosexual Transmission of HIV, Science, vol.271, issue.5253, pp.1291-1293, 1996. ,
DOI : 10.1126/science.271.5253.1291
Lifespans of naive, memory and effector lymphocytes, Current Opinion in Immunology, vol.5, issue.3, pp.433-438, 1993. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0952-7915(93)90065-Z
Rapid Infection of Oral Mucosal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus, Science, vol.285, issue.5431, pp.1261-1265, 1999. ,
DOI : 10.1126/science.285.5431.1261
HIV-1 pathogenesis, Nature Medicine, vol.9, issue.7, pp.853-860, 2003. ,
DOI : 10.1038/nm0703-853
Development of malabsorption and nutritional complications in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques, Aids, vol.8, pp.1245-1256, 1994. ,
Sp1 transcription factor is required for in vitro basal and, 1995. ,
Regulation of HIV-1 Gene Expression by NF-IL6, Journal of Molecular Biology, vol.262, issue.3, pp.327-335, 1996. ,
DOI : 10.1006/jmbi.1996.0516
NF-IL6-mediated transcriptional activation of the long terminal repeat of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.90, issue.15, 1993. ,
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.90.15.7298
Epidermal Langerhans Cells-A Target for HTLV-III/LAV Infection, Journal of Investigative Dermatology, vol.88, issue.2, pp.233-237, 1987. ,
DOI : 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12525402
Diversity of receptors binding HIV on dendritic cell subsets, Nature Immunology, vol.3, issue.10, pp.975-983, 2002. ,
DOI : 10.1038/ni841
Differential tropism of HIV-1 isolates for distinct thymocyte subsets in vitro, Aids, vol.10, 1996. ,
Small Intestinal Structure and Function in Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Evidence for HIV-Induced Enteropathy, Annals of Internal Medicine, vol.111, issue.1, pp.15-21, 1989. ,
DOI : 10.7326/0003-4819-111-1-15
Cytokine Signals Are Sufficient for HIV-1 Infection of Resting Human T Lymphocytes, The Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol.156, issue.11, pp.1735-1746, 1999. ,
DOI : 10.1006/smim.1998.0134
Early Immunologic Events in Mucosal and Systemic Lymphoid Tissues after Intrarectal Inoculation with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.184, issue.8, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1086/323615
Differential Effects of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection on Immune Inductive and Effector Sites in the Rectal Mucosa of Rhesus Macaques, The American Journal of Pathology, vol.157, issue.2, pp.485-495, 2000. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64560-9
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1, 1996. ,
Transcription factor binding sites downstream of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcription start site are important for virus infectivity, J Virol, vol.71, pp.6113-6127, 1997. ,
Functional and phenotypic evidence for a selective loss of memory T cells in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-infected men., Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol.86, issue.1, pp.293-299, 1990. ,
DOI : 10.1172/JCI114698
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtypes Have a Distinct Long Terminal Repeat That Determines the Replication Rate in a Host-Cell-Specific Manner, Journal of Virology, vol.78, issue.7, pp.3675-3683, 2004. ,
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.78.7.3675-3683.2004
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Promoter Contains a CATA Box Instead of a TATA Box for Optimal Transcription and Replication, Journal of Virology, vol.78, issue.13, pp.6883-6890, 2004. ,
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.78.13.6883-6890.2004
Death and the retrovirus, Trends in Molecular Medicine, vol.9, issue.10, pp.409-413, 2003. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.molmed.2003.08.008
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00850260
The mucosal immune system and HIV-1 infection, AIDS Rev, vol.5, pp.245-252, 2003. ,
Gastrointestinal Tract as a Major Site of CD4+ T Cell Depletion and Viral Replication in SIV Infection, Science, vol.280, issue.5362, pp.427-431, 1998. ,
DOI : 10.1126/science.280.5362.427
Emergence and Kinetics of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells in the Intestines of Macaques during Primary Infection, Journal of Virology, vol.75, issue.21, pp.10515-10519, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.75.21.10515-10519.2001
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Neonatal Macaques, Journal of Virology, vol.77, issue.16, pp.8783-8792, 2003. ,
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.77.16.8783-8792.2003
Dynamics of CCR5 Expression by CD4+ T Cells in Lymphoid Tissues during Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, Journal of Virology, vol.74, issue.23, pp.11001-11007, 2000. ,
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.74.23.11001-11007.2000
The mucosal immune system: primary target for HIV infection and AIDS, Trends in Immunology, vol.22, issue.11, pp.626-633, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S1471-4906(01)02039-7
T Cells Express High Levels of CCR5 and Are Rapidly Depleted in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.187, issue.5, pp.769-776, 2003. ,
DOI : 10.1086/368386
Evolution of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat promoter by conversion of an NFkappaB enhancer element into a GABP binding site, J Virol, vol.73, pp.1331-1340, 1999. ,
TAFs mediate transcriptional activation and promoter selectivity, Trends in Biochemical Sciences, vol.21, issue.9, pp.338-342, 1996. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0968-0004(96)10044-X
Isolate-specific neutralizing antibodies in patients with progressive HIV-1-related disease, Virology, vol.185, issue.1, pp.162-168, 1991. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0042-6822(91)90764-3
Beta-chemokines are released from HIV-1-specific cytolytic T-cell granules complexed to proteoglycans, Nature, vol.391, issue.6670, pp.908-911, 1998. ,
DOI : 10.1038/36129
Nucleotide sequence of the AIDS virus, LAV, Cell, vol.40, issue.1, pp.9-17, 1985. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90303-4
LAV revisited: origins of the early HIV-1 isolates from Institut Pasteur, Science, vol.252, issue.5008, 1991. ,
DOI : 10.1126/science.2035026
CD8+ lymphocytes can control HIV infection in vitro by suppressing virus replication, Science, vol.234, issue.4783, pp.1563-1566, 1986. ,
DOI : 10.1126/science.2431484
Interleukin 7 is produced by human intestinal epithelial cells and regulates the Influence du polymorphisme du promoteur des sous-types du VIH-1 sur la dynamique de la réplication virale in vivo BIBLIOGRAPHIE 176, 1995. ,
HIV-1 Tat potentiates TNF-induced NFkappa B activation and cytotoxicity by altering the cellular redox state, Embo J, vol.14, pp.546-554, 1995. ,
Activation Domains of Transcription Factors Mediate Replication Dependent Transcription from a Minimal HIV-1 Promoter, Nucleic Acids Research, vol.24, issue.4, pp.549-557, 1996. ,
DOI : 10.1093/nar/24.4.549
Induction of Fas Ligand Expression by HIV Involves the Interaction of Nef with the T Cell Receptor ?? Chain, The Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol.72, issue.9, pp.1489-1496, 1999. ,
DOI : 10.1084/jem.186.1.1
Simian immunodeficiency virus-specific CD8+ lymphocyte response in acutely infected rhesus monkeys, J Virol, vol.67, pp.1707-1711, 1993. ,
Tat and Trans-activation-responsive (TAR) RNA-independent Induction of HIV-1 Long Terminal Repeat by Human and Murine Cyclin T1 Requires Sp1, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.278, issue.8, pp.6404-6410, 2003. ,
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M209162200
DNA sequence analysis of the long terminal repeat of the C subtype of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, 1997. ,
HIV-1 entry into quiescent primary lymphocytes: molecular analysis reveals a labile, latent viral structure, Cell, vol.61, pp.213-222, 1990. ,
Increased turnover of CCR5+ and redistribution of CCR5-CD4 T lymphocytes during primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection, J Infect Dis, vol.183, pp.736-743, 2001. ,
Lymphocytes isolated from the intestinal lamina propria of normal nonhuman primates have increased expression of genes associated with T-cell activation, Gastroenterology, vol.94, issue.3, pp.647-655, 1988. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0016-5085(88)90235-1
HIV-1 core promoter lacks a simple initiator element but contains a bipartite activator at the transcription start site, J Biol Chem, vol.268, pp.15823-15832, 1993. ,