T. Berg, J. Bartnicki, J. Munthe, H. Lattila, J. Hrehoruk et al., Atmospheric mercury species in the European Arctic: Measurements and modelling, Atmospheric Environment, vol.35, issue.14, pp.2569-2582, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00434-9

T. Berg, S. Sekkesaeter, E. Steinnes, A. K. Valdal, and G. Wibetoe, Springtime depletion of mercury in the European Arctic as observed at Svalbard, Science of The Total Environment, vol.304, issue.1-3, pp.43-51, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00555-7

T. Berg, J. Sommar, I. Wängberg, K. Gårdfeldt, J. Munthe et al., Arctic mercury depletion events at two elevations as observed at the Zeppelin Station and Dirigibile Italia, pp.151-154, 2002.
DOI : 10.1051/jp4:20030265

J. G. Calvert and S. E. Lindberg, A modeling study of the mechanism of the halogen???ozone???mercury homogeneous reactions in the troposphere during the polar spring, Atmospheric Environment, vol.37, issue.32, pp.4467-4481, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.07.001

T. A. Douglas and M. Sturm, Arctic haze, mercury and the chemical composition of snow across northwestern Alaska, Atmospheric Environment, vol.38, issue.6, pp.805-820, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.10.042

R. Ebinghaus, S. G. Jennings, W. H. Schroeder, T. Berg, T. Donaghy et al., International field intercomparison measurements of atmospheric mercury species at Mace Head, Ireland, Atmospheric Environment, vol.33, issue.18, pp.3063-3073, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00119-8

R. Ebinghaus, H. H. Kock, C. Temme, J. W. Einax, A. G. Lowe et al., Antarctic Springtime Depletion of Atmospheric Mercury, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.36, issue.6, pp.1238-1244, 2002.
DOI : 10.1021/es015710z

K. Eneroth, K. Holmen, and T. Berg, Springtime depletion of tropospheric ozone, gaseous elemental mercury and volatile organic compounds in the European Arctic, and its relation to atmospheric transport, Journal of atmospheric chemistry, 2005.

C. P. Ferrari, P. Gauchard, A. Dommergue, O. Magand, S. Nagorski et al., Snow to air exchanges in an Arctic seasonal snowpack, Atmospheric Environment, 2005.

P. A. Gauchard, K. Aspmo, C. Temme, A. Steffen, C. Ferrari et al., Study of the origin of atmospheric mercury depletion events recorded in Ny, Atmospheric Environment, 2003.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00374343

M. E. Goodsite, J. M. Plane, and H. Skov, Correction to A Theoretical Study of the Oxidation of Hg0 to HgBr2 in the Troposphere, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.46, issue.9, pp.1772-1776, 2004.
DOI : 10.1021/es301201c

J. Heintzenberg, Particle size distribution and optical properties of Arctic haze, Tellus, vol.32, pp.251-260, 1980.

M. Landis, R. K. Stevens, F. Schaedlich, and E. M. Prestbo, Development and Characterization of an Annular Denuder Methodology for the Measurement of Divalent Inorganic Reactive Gaseous Mercury in Ambient Air, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.36, issue.13, pp.3000-3009, 2002.
DOI : 10.1021/es015887t

S. E. Lindberg and W. J. Stratton, Atmospheric Mercury Speciation:?? Concentrations and Behavior of Reactive Gaseous Mercury in Ambient Air, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.32, issue.1, pp.49-57, 1998.
DOI : 10.1021/es970546u

S. E. Lindberg, S. Brooks, C. J. Lin, K. J. Scott, M. S. Landis et al., Dynamic Oxidation of Gaseous Mercury in the Arctic Troposphere at Polar Sunrise, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.36, issue.6, pp.1245-1256, 2002.
DOI : 10.1021/es0111941

J. Y. Lu, W. H. Schroeder, T. Berg, J. Munthe, D. Schneeberger et al., A Device for Sampling and Determination of Total Particulate Mercury in Ambient Air, Analytical Chemistry, vol.70, issue.11, pp.2403-2408, 1998.
DOI : 10.1021/ac971278l

J. Munthe, I. Wängberg, N. Pirrone, A. Iverfeldt, R. Ferrara et al., Intercomparison of methods for sampling and analysis of atmospheric mercury species, Atmospheric Environment, vol.35, issue.17, pp.3007-3017, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00104-2

W. H. Schroeder, G. Keeler, H. Kock, P. Roussel, D. Schneeberger et al., International field intercomparison of atmospheric mercury measurement methods, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, vol.9, issue.1-4, pp.611-620, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01189713

W. H. Schroeder, K. Anlauf, L. A. Barrie, J. Y. Lu, A. Steffen et al., Arctic springtime depletion of mercury, Nature, vol.394, issue.6691, pp.331-332, 1998.
DOI : 10.1038/28530

W. H. Schroeder and J. Munthe, Atmospheric mercury???An overview, Atmospheric Environment, vol.32, issue.5, pp.809-822, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00293-8

W. H. Schroeder, A. Steffen, K. Scott, T. Bender, E. Prestbo et al., Summary report: first international Arctic atmospheric mercury research workshop, Atmospheric Environment, vol.37, issue.18, pp.2551-2555, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00153-5

J. H. Seinfeld and S. N. Pandis, Atmospheric chemistry and physics, p.487, 1996.

H. Skov, J. H. Christensen, M. E. Goodsite, N. Z. Heidam, B. Jensen et al., Fate of Elemental Mercury in the Arctic during Atmospheric Mercury Depletion Episodes and the Load of Atmospheric Mercury to the Arctic, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.38, issue.8, pp.2373-2382, 2004.
DOI : 10.1021/es030080h

F. Slemr, G. Schuster, and W. Seiler, Distribution, speciation, and budget of atmospheric mercury, Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, vol.24, issue.4, pp.407-434, 1985.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00053870

F. Slemr, E. G. Brunke, R. Ebinghaus, C. Temme, J. Munthe et al., Worldwide trend of atmospheric mercury since 1977, Geophysical research letters 30, 2003.
DOI : 10.1029/2003GL016954

S. Solberg, N. Schmidbauer, A. Semb, F. Stordal, and O. Hov, Boundary-layer ozone depletion as seen in the Norwegian Arctic in spring, Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, vol.27, issue.3, pp.301-332, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00055158

J. Sommar, I. Wängberg, T. Berg, K. Gårdfeldt, A. Richter et al., Circumpoar transport and air-surface exchange of atmospheric CHAPITRE II. Approche atmosphérique des AMDEs, Aspects expérimentaux. ________________________________________________________________________ mercury at Ny-Ålesund (79°N), Svalbard, spring2002. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, pp.1727-1771, 2005.

A. Steffen, W. Schroeder, J. Bottenheim, J. Narayan, and J. D. Fuentes, Atmospheric mercury concentrations: measurements and profiles near snow and ice surfaces in the Canadian Arctic during Alert 2000, Atmospheric Environment, vol.36, issue.15-16, pp.2653-2661, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00112-7

A. Steffen, W. Schroeder, R. Macdonald, and A. Konoplev, On-going atmospheric mercury measurements in the high Arctic in Canada and Russia, pp.1786-1790, 2004.

T. Inc, Model 2537A: Principles of operation, 1998.

C. Temme, K. Aspmo, E. Bahlmann, C. Banic, T. Berg et al., Repeatability and reproducibility of data from different groups and locations in ny-ålesund during the hg-campaign, pp.2042-2045, 2003.

S. Uhlig and P. Lischer, Statistically-based performance characteristics in laboratory performance studies, The Analyst, vol.123, issue.2, pp.167-172, 1998.
DOI : 10.1039/a705432g

I. Wängberg, J. Munthe, N. Pirrone, A. Iverfeldt, E. Bahlman et al., Atmospheric mercury distribution in Northern Europe and in the Mediterranean region, Atmospheric Environment, vol.35, issue.17, pp.3019-3025, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00105-4

I. Wängberg, H. Edner, R. Ferrara, E. Lanzillotta, J. Munthe et al., Atmospheric mercury near a chlor-alkali plant in Sweden, Science of The Total Environment, vol.304, issue.1-3, pp.29-41, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00554-5

M. S. Landis, R. Stevens, F. Schaedlich, and E. Prestbo, Development and Characterization of an Annular Denuder Methodology for the Measurement of Divalent Inorganic Reactive Gaseous Mercury in Ambient Air, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.36, issue.13, pp.3000-3009, 2002.
DOI : 10.1021/es015887t

S. E. Lindberg, S. Brooks, C. Lin, K. J. Scott, M. S. Landis et al., Dynamic Oxidation of Gaseous Mercury in the Arctic Troposphere at Polar Sunrise, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.36, issue.6, pp.1245-256, 2002.
DOI : 10.1021/es0111941

J. Y. Lu, W. H. Schroeder, L. A. Barrie, A. Steffen, H. E. Welch et al., Magnification of atmospheric mercury deposition to polar regions in springtime: The link to tropospheric ozone depletion chemistry, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.186, issue.17, pp.3219-3222, 2001.
DOI : 10.1029/2000GL012603

E. G. Pacyna and J. M. Pacyna, Global Emission of Mercury from Anthropogenic Sources in 1995, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, vol.137, issue.1/4, pp.149-165, 2002.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1015502430561

L. Poissant, A. Dommergue, and C. P. Ferrari, Mercury as a global pollutant, pp 143-160, J. Phys. IV, C. F. Boutron, 2002.

D. M. Pyle and T. A. Mather, The importance of volcanic emissions for the global atmospheric mercury cycle, Atmospheric Environment, vol.37, issue.36, pp.5115-5124, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.07.011

A. M. Rankin, E. W. Wolff, and S. Martin, Frost flowers: Implications for tropospheric chemistry and ice core interpretation, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.28, issue.5, pp.4683-4697, 2002.
DOI : 10.1029/2002JD002492

A. Richter, F. Wittrock, M. Eisinger, and J. Burrows, GOME observations of tropospheric BrO in northern hemispheric spring and summer 1997, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.44, issue.14, pp.2683-2686, 1998.
DOI : 10.1029/98GL52016

W. H. Schroeder, K. G. Anlauf, L. A. Barrie, J. Y. Lu, A. Steffen et al., Arctic springtime depletion of mercury, Nature, vol.394, issue.6691, pp.331-332, 1998.
DOI : 10.1038/28530

H. Skov, J. Christensen, M. Goodsite, N. Z. Heidam, B. Jensen et al., Fate of Elemental Mercury in the Arctic during Atmospheric Mercury Depletion Episodes and the Load of Atmospheric Mercury to the Arctic, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.38, issue.8, pp.2373-2382, 2004.
DOI : 10.1021/es030080h

F. Slemr, E. G. Brunke, R. Ebinghaus, C. Temme, J. Munthe et al., Worldwide trend of atmospheric mercury since 1977 Art No 1516, ±1.5) 3.0 (±0.8) 20/04/03 23:30 15.2 (±2.3) 5.1 (±1.5) 21/04/03 06:30 11.5 (±1.7) 3.3 (±1.7), pp.0-5, 2003.

B. Tableau, Résultats des analyses par ICP-SFMS et par le FIMS des échantillons de Ny-Ålesund prélevés entre le 17

M. R. Albert, Some numerical experiments on firn ventilation with heat transfer, Annals of Glaciology, vol.38, pp.161-165, 1993.
DOI : 10.1097/00010694-196611000-00005

M. A. Albert, A. M. Grannas, J. Bottenheim, P. B. Shepson, F. E. Perron et al., Processes and properties of snow???air transfer in the high Arctic with application to interstitial ozone at Alert, Canada, Atmospheric Environment, vol.36, issue.15-16, pp.2779-2787, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00118-8

M. A. Albert and E. F. Shultz, Snow and firn properties and air???snow transport processes at Summit, Greenland, Atmospheric Environment, vol.36, issue.15-16, pp.2789-2797, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00119-X

K. Aspmo, P. Gauchard, A. Steffen, C. Temme, T. Berg et al., Measurements of atmospheric mercury species during an international study of mercury depletion events at Ny-Ålesund How reproducible are our present methods? Atmospheric Environment, 2003.

R. C. Bales, M. V. Losleben, J. R. Mcconnell, K. Fuhrer, and A. Neftet, in snow, air and open pore space in firn at Summit, Greenland, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.14, issue.D10, pp.1261-1264, 1995.
DOI : 10.1029/95GL01110

T. Bartels-rausch, M. Jöri, and M. Ammann, Adsorption of mercury on crystalline ice, Annual Report 2002-Laboratory for radiochemistry and environmental chemistry-Paul Scherrer Institut

T. Berg, S. Sekkesaeter, E. Steinnes, A. Valdal, and G. Wibetoe, Springtime depletion of mercury in the European Arctic as observed at Svalbard, Science of The Total Environment, vol.304, issue.1-3, pp.43-51, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00555-7

C. F. Boutron, A clean laboratory for ultralow concentration heavy metal analysis, Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry, vol.85, issue.5, pp.482-491, 1990.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00322850

S. C. Colbeck, Air movement in snow due to windpumping, Journal of Glaciology, vol.35, issue.120, pp.209-213, 1989.

A. Dommergue, C. P. Ferrari, and C. F. Boutron, First investigation of an original device dedicated to the determination of gaseous mercury in interstitial air in snow, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, vol.375, issue.1, pp.106-111, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s00216-002-1643-x

A. Dommergue, C. P. Ferrari, L. Poissant, P. Gauchard, and C. F. Boutron, Diurnal Cycles of Gaseous Mercury within the Snowpack at Kuujjuarapik/Whapmagoostui, Qu??bec, Canada, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.37, issue.15, pp.3289-3297, 2003.
DOI : 10.1021/es026242b

A. Dommergue, C. P. Ferrari, P. A. Gauchard, C. F. Boutron, L. Poissant et al., The fate of mercury species in a sub-arctic snowpack during snowmelt, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.394, issue.12, pp.1621-1631, 2003.
DOI : 10.1029/2003GL017308

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00000529

A. Dommergue, Dynamique du mercure dans les neiges de hautes et moyennes latitudes : Etudes in situ et en conditions simulées des mécanismes de réactivité chimique et d'échanges, 2003.

A. Döppenschmidt and H. Butt, Measuring the Thickness of the Liquid-like Layer on Ice Surfaces with Atomic Force Microscopy, Langmuir, vol.16, issue.16, pp.6709-6714, 2000.
DOI : 10.1021/la990799w

R. Ebinghaus, S. G. Jennings, W. H. Schroeder, T. Berg, T. Donaghy et al., International field intercomparison measurements of atmospheric mercury species at Mace Head, Ireland, Atmospheric Environment, vol.33, issue.18, pp.3063-3073, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00119-8

. Schroeder, Antarctic springtime depletion of atmospheric mercury, Environmental Science and Technology, vol.36, pp.1238-1244, 2002.

C. P. Ferrari, A. L. Moreau, and C. F. Boutron, Clean conditions for the determination of ultra-low levels of mercury in ice and snow samples, Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry, vol.366, issue.5, pp.433-437, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/s002160050088

C. P. Ferrari, A. Dommergue, and C. Boutron, Profiles of Mercury in the snow pack at Station Nord, Greenland shortly after polar sunrise, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.186, issue.17, pp.10-1029, 2004.
DOI : 10.1029/2003GL018961

C. P. Ferrari, A. Dommergue, C. F. Boutron, H. Skov, and B. Jensen, Nighttime production of elemental gaseous mercury in interstitial air of snow at Station Nord, Greenland, Atmospheric Environment, vol.38, issue.17, pp.2727-2735, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.02.023

_. C. Baussand and P. , Atmospheric particle evolution during a nighttime atmospheric mercury depletion event in sub-Arctic at Kuujjuarapik/Whapmagoostui, Science of the Total Environment, 2004.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00374351

P. Gauchard, K. Aspmo, C. Temme, A. Steffen, C. Ferrari et al., Characterizing Atmospheric Mercury Depletion Events recorded during an international study of mercury in Ny Atmospheric Environment, 2003.

M. Girard and C. Dumont, Exposure of James Bay Cree to methylmercury during pregnancy for the years 1983?91, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, vol.6, issue.6, pp.13-19, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01189648

R. E. Honrath, M. C. Peterson, S. Guo, J. E. Dibb, P. B. Shepson et al., production within or upon ice particles in the Greenland snowpack, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.24, issue.6, pp.695-698, 1999.
DOI : 10.1029/1999GL900077

J. D. Lalonde, A. J. Poulain, and M. Amyot, The Role of Mercury Redox Reactions in Snow on Snow-to-Air Mercury Transfer, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.36, issue.2, pp.174-178, 2002.
DOI : 10.1021/es010786g

S. E. Lindberg and W. J. Stratton, Atmospheric Mercury Speciation:?? Concentrations and Behavior of Reactive Gaseous Mercury in Ambient Air, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.32, issue.1, pp.49-57, 1998.
DOI : 10.1021/es970546u

S. E. Lindberg, S. Brooks, C. Lin, K. Scott, T. Meyers et al., Formation of Reactive Gaseous Mercury in the Arctic: Evidence of Oxidation of Hg?? to Gas-Phase Hg-II Compounds after Arctic Sunrise, Water Air and Soil Pollution, vol.1, issue.56, pp.295-302, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-010-9026-1_29

S. E. Lindberg, S. Brooks, C. Lin, K. J. Scott, M. S. Landis et al., Dynamic Oxidation of Gaseous Mercury in the Arctic Troposphere at Polar Sunrise, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.36, issue.6, pp.1245-1256, 2002.
DOI : 10.1021/es0111941

W. L. Lockhart, P. Wilkinson, B. N. Billeck, R. A. Danell, R. V. Hunt et al., Fluxes of mercury to lake sediments in central and northern Canada inferred from dated sediment cores, Biogeochemistry, vol.40, issue.2/3, pp.163-173, 1998.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1005923123637

J. Y. Lu, W. H. Schroeder, L. A. Barrie, A. Steffen, H. E. Welch et al., Magnification of atmospheric mercury deposition to polar regions in springtime: The link to tropospheric ozone depletion chemistry, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.186, issue.17, pp.3219-3222, 2001.
DOI : 10.1029/2000GL012603

M. C. Peterson and R. E. Honrath, Observations of Rapid Photochemical Destruction of, 2001.

C. Annexe, Ozone in Snowpack Interstitial Air, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.28, issue.3, pp.511-514

J. F. Pinglot and M. Pourchet, Spectrométrie Gamma à très bas niveau avec Anti-Compton NaI (T1) pour l'étude des glaciers et des sédiments, 1994.

F. A. Planchon, P. Gabrielli, P. Gauchard, A. Dommergue, C. Barbante et al., Direct determination of mercury at the sub-picogram per gram level in polar snow and ice by ICP-SFMS, Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, vol.19, issue.7, pp.823-83010, 1039.
DOI : 10.1039/b402711f

L. Poissant, A. Dommergue, and C. P. Ferrari, Mercury as a global pollutant, Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings), vol.12, issue.10, pp.143-160, 2002.
DOI : 10.1051/jp4:20020457

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00000530

W. H. Schroeder, R. Ebinghaus, M. Shoeib, K. Timoschenko, and L. A. Barrie, Atmospheric mercury measurements in the northern hemisphere from 56??? to 82.5??? N latitude, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, vol.87, issue.88, pp.1227-1236, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01189786

W. H. Schroeder, K. G. Anlauf, L. A. Barrie, J. Y. Lu, A. Steffen et al., Arctic springtime depletion of mercury, Nature, vol.394, issue.6691, pp.331-332, 1998.
DOI : 10.1038/28530

W. H. Schroeder, A. Steffen, K. Scott, T. Bender, E. Prestbo et al., Summary report: first international Arctic atmospheric mercury research workshop, Summary report: first international Arctic atmospheric mercury research workshop Conference Report, pp.2551-2555, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00153-5

H. Skov, J. Christensen, M. E. Goodsite, N. Z. Heidam, B. Jensen et al., Fate of Elemental Mercury in the Arctic during Atmospheric Mercury Depletion Episodes and the Load of Atmospheric Mercury to the Arctic, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.38, issue.8, pp.2373-2382, 2004.
DOI : 10.1021/es030080h

F. Slemr, G. Schuster, and W. Seiler, Distribution, speciation, and budget of atmospheric mercury, Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, vol.24, issue.4, pp.407-434, 1985.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00053870

F. Sprovieri, N. Pirrone, I. M. Hedgecock, M. S. Landis, and R. Stevens, Intensive atmospheric mercury measurements at Terra Nova Bay in Antarctica during, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.107, p.4722, 2000.

A. Steffen, W. H. Schroeder, J. Bottenheim, J. Narayana, and J. D. Fuentes, Atmospheric mercury concentrations: measurements and profiles near snow and ice surfaces in the Canadian Arctic during Alert, Atmospheric Environment, vol.36, pp.15-16, 2000.

A. L. Sumner and P. B. Shepson, Snow pack production of formaldehyde and its effect on the Arctic troposphere, Nature, vol.398, pp.230-233, 1999.

N. Takenaka, A. Ueda, and Y. Maeda, Acceleration of the rate of nitrite oxidation by freezing in aqueous solution, Nature, vol.358, issue.6389, pp.736-738, 1992.
DOI : 10.1038/358736a0

A. Références-bibliographiques, Assessment report: Arctic Pollution Issues, AMAP (Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme), 1998.

P. A. Ariya, V. Catoire, R. Sander, H. Niki, and G. W. Harris, Trichloroethene and tetrachloroethene: tropospheric probes for Cl- and Br-atom reactions during the polar sunrise, Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, vol.99, issue.76, pp.583-591, 1997.
DOI : 10.3402/tellusb.v49i5.16011

P. A. Ariya, B. T. Jobson, R. Sander, H. Niki, F. Hopper et al., Measurement of C 3 -C 7 hydrocarbons during the Polar Sunrise Experiment 1994: further evidence for halogen chemistry, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.103, pp.13164-13180, 1998.

P. A. Ariya, A. Khalizov, and A. Gidas, Reactions of Gaseous Mercury with Atomic and Molecular Halogens:?? Kinetics, Product Studies, and Atmospheric Implications, The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, vol.106, issue.32, pp.7310-7320, 2002.
DOI : 10.1021/jp020719o

P. A. Ariya, A. P. Dastoor, M. Amyot, W. Schroeder, L. A. Barrie et al., The Arctic: a sink for mercury, Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, vol.29, issue.1, pp.397-403, 2004.
DOI : 10.1029/2003JD003625

E. A. Bailey, J. E. Gray, and M. E. Hines, Mercury transformations in soils near mercury mines in Alaska, Materials and Geoenvironment, vol.48, pp.212-218, 2001.

F. Bakir, S. F. Damluji, L. Amin-zaki, M. Murtadha, A. Khalidi et al., Methylmercury Poisoning in Iraq, Methylmercury poisoning in Irak, pp.230-241, 1973.
DOI : 10.1126/science.181.4096.230

L. A. Barrie, J. W. Bottenheim, R. C. Schnell, P. J. Crutzen, and R. A. Rasmussen, Ozone destruction and photochemical reactions at polar sunrise in the lower Arctic atmosphere, Nature, vol.334, issue.6178, pp.138-141, 1988.
DOI : 10.1038/334138a0

T. Berg, S. Sekkeseter, E. Steinnes, A. Valdal, and G. Wibetoe, Springtime depletion of mercury in the European Arctic as observed at Svalbard, Science of The Total Environment, vol.304, issue.1-3, pp.43-51, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00555-7

T. Berg and . Communication-personnelle, Five years measurements of Arctic Mercury Depletion Events (AMDEs) at Ny-Ålesund

R. Bindler, I. Renberg, P. G. Appleby, N. J. Anderson, and N. L. Rose, Mercury Accumulation Rates and Spatial Patterns in Lake Sediments from West Greenland:?? A Coast to Ice Margin Transect, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.35, issue.9, pp.1736-1741, 2001.
DOI : 10.1021/es0002868

R. Bloom, N. S. Crecelius, and E. A. , Determination of mercury in seawater at sub-nanogram per liter levels, Marine Chemistry, vol.14, issue.1, pp.49-59, 1983.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-4203(83)90069-5

J. Bottenheim, A. C. Gallant, and K. A. Brice, at 82?? N latitude, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.20, issue.2, pp.113-116, 1986.
DOI : 10.1029/GL013i002p00113

J. Bottenheim, L. A. Barrie, E. Atlas, L. E. Heidt, H. Niki et al., Depletion of lower tropospheric ozone during Arctic spring: The Polar Sunrise Experiment 1988, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.26, issue.41, pp.18555-18568, 1988.
DOI : 10.1029/JD095iD11p18555

H. Boundries and J. Bottenheim, Cl and Br atom concentrations during a surface boundary layer ozone depletion event in the Canadian High Arctic, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.99, issue.4, pp.517-520, 2000.
DOI : 10.1029/1999GL011025

C. F. Boutron, A clean laboratory for ultralow concentration heavy metal analysis, Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry, vol.85, issue.5, pp.482-491, 1990.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00322850

R. S. Bradley, F. T. Keimig, and H. F. Diaz, Climatology of surface-based inversions in the North American Arctic, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.2, issue.1, pp.15699-15712, 1992.
DOI : 10.1029/92JD01451

J. G. Calvert and S. E. Lindberg, A modeling study of the mechanism of the halogen???ozone???mercury homogeneous reactions in the troposphere during the polar spring, Atmospheric Environment, vol.37, issue.32, pp.4467-4481, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.07.001

R. Dietz, F. Riget, and E. W. Born, Geographical differences of zinc, cadmium, mercury and selenium in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from Greenland, The Science of The Total Environment, vol.245, issue.1-3, pp.25-47, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00431-3

A. Dommergue, C. P. Ferrari, L. Poissant, P. Gauchard, and C. F. Boutron, Diurnal Cycles of Gaseous Mercury within the Snowpack at Kuujjuarapik/Whapmagoostui, Qu??bec, Canada, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.37, issue.15, pp.3289-3297, 2003.
DOI : 10.1021/es026242b

A. Dommergue, C. P. Ferrari, P. Gauchard, C. F. Boutron, L. Poissant et al., The fate of mercury species in a sub-arctic snow-pack during snowmelt, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.30, pp.1621-1631, 1029.

A. Dommergue, Dynamique du mercure dans les hautes et moyennes latitudes : études in situ et en conditions simulées des mécanismes de réactivité chimique et d'échanges, Diplôme de thèse, 2003.

R. Ebinghaus, H. Kock, C. Temme, J. Einax, A. Löwe et al., Antarctic Springtime Depletion of Atmospheric Mercury, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.36, issue.6, pp.1238-1244, 2002.
DOI : 10.1021/es015710z

M. Evans and L. Lockhart, An investigation of factors affecting high mercury concentrations in predatory fish in the Mackenzie River basin, Synopsis of Research Conducted Under the 1998/99 Northern Contaminants Program, Department of Indian and Northern Affairs, Canada, pp.71-1976, 1999.

R. Bibliographiques, S. ___________________________________________________________________________-fan, and D. Jacob, Surface ozone depletion in Arctic spring sustained by bromine reactions on aerosols, Nature, vol.359, pp.522-524, 1992.

C. P. Ferrari, A. L. Moreau, and C. F. Boutron, Clean conditions for the determination of ultra-low levels of mercury in ice and snow samples, Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry, vol.366, issue.5, pp.433-437, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/s002160050088

B. J. Finlayson-pitts and F. E. Livingston, Ozone destruction and bromine photochemistry at ground level in the Arctic spring, Nature, vol.343, issue.6259, pp.622-625, 1990.
DOI : 10.1038/343622a0

K. L. Foster, R. A. Plastridge, J. Bottenheim, P. B. Shepson, B. J. Finlayson-pitts et al., The Role of Br2 and BrCl in Surface Ozone Destruction at Polar Sunrise, Science, vol.291, issue.5503, pp.471-474, 2001.
DOI : 10.1126/science.291.5503.471

M. Goodsite, J. M. Plane, and H. Skov, in the Troposphere, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.38, issue.6, pp.1772-1776, 2004.
DOI : 10.1021/es034680s

I. Gultepe, G. A. Isaac, A. Williams, D. Marcotte, and K. B. Strawbridge, Turbulent heat fluxes over leads and polynyas, and their effects on arctic clouds during FIRE.ACE: Aircraft observations for April 1998, Atmosphere-Ocean, vol.17, issue.1, pp.15-34, 1998.
DOI : 10.1029/1999JC900305

B. Hall, The gas phase oxidation of elemental mercury by ozone, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, vol.3, issue.8, pp.301-315, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01189680

M. Hallikainen and D. P. Winebrenner, The Physical Basis for Sea Ice Remote Sensing, In Microwave Remote Sensing of Sea Ice, Geophysical Monograph, vol.68, 1992.

J. C. Hansen and G. Danscher, Organic Mercury???An Environmental Threat to the Health of Exposed Societies?, Reviews on Environmental Health, vol.12, issue.2, pp.107-116, 1997.
DOI : 10.1515/REVEH.1997.12.2.107

M. Harada, Minamata Disease: Methylmercury Poisoning in Japan Caused by Environmental Pollution, Critical Reviews in Toxicology, vol.19, issue.1, pp.1-24, 1995.
DOI : 10.3109/10408449509089885

M. Hausmann and U. Platt, Spectroscopic measurement of bromine oxide and ozone in the high Arctic during Polar Sunrise Experiment 1992, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.99, issue.D12, pp.25399-25414, 1994.
DOI : 10.1029/94JD01314

G. Hönninger and U. Platt, Observations of BrO and its vertical distribution during surface ozone depletion at Alert, Atmospheric Environment, vol.36, issue.15-16, pp.2481-2489, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00104-8

G. Hönninger, Halogen oxide studies in the boundary layer by multi axis differiental optical absorption spectroscopy and active longpath-DOAS, Diploma thesis, 2002.

B. T. Jobson, H. Niki, Y. Yokouchi, J. Bottenheim, F. Hopper et al., hydrocarbons during the Polar Sunrise1992 Experiment: Evidence for Cl atom and Br atom chemistry, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.1, issue.D12, pp.25355-25368, 1994.
DOI : 10.1029/94JD01243

L. Kaleschke, A. Richter, J. Burrows, O. Afe, G. Heygster et al., Frost flowers on sea ice as a source of sea salt and their influence on tropospheric halogen chemistry, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.30, issue.24, p.10, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/2004GL020655

G. J. Keeler, G. Glinsorn, and N. Pirrone, Particulate mercury in the atmosphere: Its significance, transport, transformation and sources, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, vol.37, issue.1-4, pp.159-168, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01189664

B. N. Kieser, T. Sideris, H. Niki, J. Bottenheim, and W. R. Leaitch, Spring 1989 observations of lower tropospheric chemistry in the Canadian high arctic, Atmospheric Environment. Part A. General Topics, vol.27, issue.17-18, p.2979, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90330-2

T. Kosatsky and C. Dumont, Human exposure as a monitor of environmental contamination: its possibilities and limitations as illustrated by the case of methylmercury in northern Quebec, Arctic Medical Research, vol.50, pp.712-714, 1991.

J. D. Lalonde, A. J. Poulain, and M. Amyot, The Role of Mercury Redox Reactions in Snow on Snow-to-Air Mercury Transfer, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.36, issue.2, pp.174-178, 2002.
DOI : 10.1021/es010786g

J. D. Lalonde, M. Amyot, M. Doyon, and J. Auclair, Photo-induced Hg(II) reduction in snow from the remote and temperate Experimental Lakes Area (Ontario, Canada), Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.35, issue.D6, p.420010, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/2001JD001534

C. H. Lamborg, W. F. Fitzgerald, G. M. Vandal, and K. R. Rolfhus, Atmospheric mercury in northern Wisconsin: Sources and species, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, vol.355, issue.1, pp.189-198, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01189667

D. H. Landers, J. Ford, C. Gubala, M. Monetti, B. K. Larsora et al., Mercury in vegetation and lake sediments from the U. S. arctic, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, vol.9, issue.1-4, pp.591-601, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01189711

M. S. Landis, R. Stevens, F. Schaedlich, and E. Prestbo, Development and Characterization of an Annular Denuder Methodology for the Measurement of Divalent Inorganic Reactive Gaseous Mercury in Ambient Air, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.36, issue.13, pp.3000-3009, 2002.
DOI : 10.1021/es015887t

D. S. Lee, G. J. Dollard, and S. Pepler, Gas-phase mercury in the atmosphere of the United Kingdom, Atmospheric Environment, vol.32, issue.5, pp.855-864, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00316-6

L. Legagneux, A. Cabanes, and F. Dominé, Measurement of the specific surface area of 176 snow samples using methane adsorption at 77 K, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.17, issue.D17, pp.10-1029, 2002.
DOI : 10.1029/2001JD001016

C. Lin and S. O. Pehkonen, The chemistry of atmospheric mercury: a review, Atmospheric Environment, vol.33, issue.13, pp.2067-2079, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00387-2

S. E. Lindberg and W. J. Stratton, Atmospheric Mercury Speciation:?? Concentrations and Behavior of Reactive Gaseous Mercury in Ambient Air, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.32, issue.1, pp.49-57, 1998.
DOI : 10.1021/es970546u

S. E. Lindberg, D. Wallschlager, E. M. Prestbo, N. S. Bloom, J. Price et al., Methylated mercury species in municipal waste landfill gas sampled in Florida, USA11Research sponsored by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Waste Management Division under contract with ORNL. ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle for the US Department of Energy., Atmospheric Environment, vol.35, issue.23, pp.4011-4015, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00176-5

S. E. Lindberg, S. Brooks, C. Lin, K. Scott, T. Meyers et al., Formation of Reactive Gaseous Mercury in the Arctic: Evidence of Oxidation of Hg?? to Gas-Phase Hg-II Compounds after Arctic Sunrise, Water Air and Soil Pollution: Focus, vol.1, pp.295-302, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-010-9026-1_29

S. E. Lindberg, S. Brooks, C. Lin, K. J. Scott, M. S. Landis et al., Dynamic Oxidation of Gaseous Mercury in the Arctic Troposphere at Polar Sunrise, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.36, issue.6, pp.1245-256, 2002.
DOI : 10.1021/es0111941

O. Lindqvist and H. Rodhe, Atmospheric mercury-a review, Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, vol.39, issue.16, pp.136-159, 1985.
DOI : 10.1080/09593338209384124

W. L. Lockhart, P. Wilkinson, B. N. Billeck, R. A. Danell, R. V. Hunt et al., Fluxes of mercury to lake sediments in central and northern Canada inferred from dated sediment cores, Biogeochemistry, vol.40, issue.2/3, pp.163-173, 1998.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1005923123637

L. Lockhart and M. Evans, Mercury in fish from stock surveys of lakes in the western Northwest Territories: Investigations into the factors affecting mercury levels, Synopsis of Research Conducted Under the 1999/2000 Northern Contaminants Program, Department of Indian and Northern Affairs, Canada, pp.71-1976, 2000.

J. Y. Lu, W. H. Schroeder, T. Berg, J. Munthe, D. Schneeberger et al., A Device for Sampling and Determination of Total Particulate Mercury in Ambient Air, Analytical Chemistry, vol.70, issue.11, pp.2403-2408, 1998.
DOI : 10.1021/ac971278l

J. Y. Lu and W. H. Schroeder, Sampling and Determination of Particulate Mercury in Ambient Air: A Review, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, vol.112, issue.3/4, pp.279-295, 1999.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1005057022001

J. Y. Lu, W. H. Schroeder, L. A. Barrie, A. Steffen, H. E. Welch et al., Magnification of atmospheric mercury deposition to polar regions in springtime: The link to tropospheric ozone depletion chemistry, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.186, issue.17, pp.3219-3222, 2001.
DOI : 10.1029/2000GL012603

J. Y. Lu and W. Schroeder, Annual time-series of total filterable atmospheric mercury concentrations in the Arctic, Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, vol.107, issue.25, pp.213-222, 2004.
DOI : 10.1080/03067318508076405

R. W. Macdonald, L. A. Barrie, T. F. Bidleman, M. L. Diamond, D. J. Gregor et al., Contaminants in the Canadian Arctic: 5 years of progress in understanding sources, occurrence and pathways, Contaminants in the Canadian Arctic: 5 years of progress in understanding sources occurrence and pathways, pp.93-234, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00434-4

S. Martin, R. Drucker, and M. Fort, A laboratory study of frost flower growth on the surface of young sea ice, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.99, issue.88, pp.7027-7036, 1995.
DOI : 10.1029/94JC03243

M. Marvin-dipasquale, J. Agee, C. Mcgowan, R. Oremland, M. Thomas et al., Methyl-Mercury Degradation Pathways:?? A Comparison among Three Mercury-Impacted Ecosystems, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.34, issue.23, pp.4908-4916, 2000.
DOI : 10.1021/es0013125

R. P. Mason, N. M. Lawson, and K. A. Sullivan, The concentration, speciation and sources of mercury in Chesapeake Bay precipitation, Atmospheric Environment, vol.31, issue.21, pp.3541-3550, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00206-9

M. Connell, J. C. Henderson, G. S. Barrie, L. A. Bottenheim, J. Niki et al., Photochemical bromine production implicated in Arctic boundary-layer ozone depletion, Nature, vol.355, issue.6356, pp.150-152, 1992.
DOI : 10.1038/355150a0

B. A. Michalowski, J. S. Francisco, S. M. Li, L. A. Barrie, J. Bottenheim et al., A computer model study of multiphase chemistry in the Arctic boundary layer during polar sunrise, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.19, issue.D12, pp.15131-15146, 2000.
DOI : 10.1029/2000JD900004

D. Muir, B. Braune, B. Demarch, R. Norstrom, R. Wagemann et al., Spatial and temporal trends and effects of contaminants in the Canadian Arctic marine ecosystem: a review, Science of The Total Environment, vol.230, issue.1-3, pp.83-144, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00037-6

J. Munthe, C. J. Watras, and J. W. Huckabee, The atmospheric chemistry of mercury: kinetic studies of redox reactions, Mercury pollution -Integration and Synthesis, pp.273-279, 1994.

J. Munthe, K. Kindbom, O. Kruger, G. Petersen, J. Pacyna et al., Examining Source-Receptor Relationships for Mercury in Scandinavia. Modelled and Empirical Evidence, Water Air and Soil Pollution: Focus, vol.1, pp.3-4, 2001.

M. Neuilly, Précision des dosages de traces. CETAMA (Commission d'établissement des méthodes d'analyses) du CEA, 1996.

S. V. Nghiem, S. Martin, D. K. Perovich, R. Drucker, and A. J. Gow, A laboratory study of the effect of frost flowers on C band radar backscatter from sea ice, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.16, issue.17, pp.3357-3370, 1997.
DOI : 10.1029/96JC03208

S. J. Oltmans and W. D. Komhyr, Surface ozone distributions and variations from 1973???1984: Measurements at the NOAA Geophysical Monitoring for Climatic Change Baseline Observatories, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.36, issue.D4, pp.5229-5236, 1986.
DOI : 10.1029/JD091iD04p05229

R. G. Onstott, SAR and scatterometer signatures of sea ice, Geophysical Monograph, vol.4, issue.3, pp.73-104, 1992.
DOI : 10.1029/GM068p0073

E. Pacyna, J. M. Pacyna, and N. Pirrone, European emissions of atmospheric mercury from anthropogenic sources in 1995, Atmospheric Environment, vol.35, issue.17, pp.2987-2996, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00102-9

N. Pirrone, G. J. Keeler, and I. Allegrini, Particle size distributions of atmospheric mercury in urban and rural areas, Journal of Aerosol Science, vol.27, pp.13-14, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0021-8502(96)00079-1

K. Pleijel and J. Munthe, Modelling the atmospheric mercury cycle -chemistry in fog droplets, Atmospheric Environment, vol.29, pp.1441-1457, 1995.

K. Pleijel and J. Munthe, Modeling the atmospheric chemistry of mercury, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, vol.14, issue.1-4, pp.317-324, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01189681

L. Poissant, A. Dommergue, and C. P. Ferrari, Mercury as a global pollutant, Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings), vol.12, issue.10, pp.143-160, 2002.
DOI : 10.1051/jp4:20020457

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00000530

M. Possanzini, A. Febo, and A. Liberti, New design of a high-performance denuder for the sampling of atmospheric pollutants, Atmospheric Environment (1967), vol.17, issue.12, pp.2605-2610, 1983.
DOI : 10.1016/0004-6981(83)90089-6

G. Pupion and P. Pupion, Tests non paramétriques avec applications à l'économie et à la gestion, collection statistique mathématique et probabilité dirigée par Paul Deheuvels, 1998.

A. M. Rankin, E. W. Wolff, and S. Martin, Frost flowers: Implications for tropospheric chemistry and ice core interpretation, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.28, issue.5, pp.4683-4697, 2002.
DOI : 10.1029/2002JD002492

F. Raofie and P. A. Ariya, Kinetics and products study of the reaction of BrO radicals with gaseous mercury, Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings), vol.107, pp.1119-1121, 2003.
DOI : 10.1051/jp4:20030497

T. Rissanen, S. Voutilainen, K. Nyyssönen, T. Lakka, and J. Salonen, Fish Oil-Derived Fatty Acids, Docosahexaenoic Acid and Docosapentaenoic Acid, and the Risk of Acute Coronary Events : The Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study, Circulation, vol.102, issue.22, pp.2677-2679, 2000.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.102.22.2677

H. B. Ross and S. J. Vermette, Precipitation: Trace elements in natural waters, pp.99-116, 1995.

A. Ryaboshapko, I. Ilyin, A. Gusev, and O. Afinogenova, Mercury in the atmosphere Références bibliographiques. ___________________________________________________________________________ of Europe : concentrations, deposition patterns, transboundary fluxes, 1998.

J. T. Salonen, K. Seppanen, K. Nyyssonen, H. Korpela, J. Kauhanen et al., Intake of Mercury From Fish, Lipid Peroxidation, and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Coronary, Cardiovascular, and Any Death in Eastern Finnish Men, Circulation, vol.91, issue.3, pp.645-655, 1995.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.91.3.645

R. Sander, R. Vogt, G. W. Harris, and P. J. Crutzen, Modelling the chemistry of ozone, halogen compounds, and hydrocarbons in the arctic troposphere during spring, Tellus B, vol.49, issue.5, pp.522-532, 1997.
DOI : 10.1034/j.1600-0889.49.issue5.8.x

W. H. Schroeder, Y. Yarwwood, and H. Niki, Transformation processes involving mercury species in the atmosphere ??? results from a literature survey, Water Air & Soil Pollution, vol.21, issue.1, pp.653-666, 1991.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00342307

W. H. Schroeder and J. Munthe, Atmospheric mercury???An overview, Atmospheric Environment, vol.32, issue.5, pp.809-822, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00293-8

W. H. Schroeder, K. G. Anlauf, L. A. Barrie, J. Y. Lu, A. Steffen et al., Arctic springtime depletion of mercury, Nature, vol.394, issue.6691, pp.331-332, 1998.
DOI : 10.1038/28530

C. Seigneur, H. Abeck, G. Chia, M. Reinhard, N. S. Bloom et al., Mercury adsorption to elemental carbon (soot) particles and atmospheric particulate matter, Atmospheric Environment, vol.32, issue.14-15, pp.2649-2657, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00415-9

W. R. Simpson, L. Alvarez-aviles, T. A. Douglas, M. Sturm, and F. Dominé, Halogens in the coastal snow pack near Barrow, Alaska: Evidence for active bromine air-snow chemistry during springtime, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.30, issue.24, pp.481110-1029, 2005.
DOI : 10.1029/2004GL021748

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00374932

H. Skov, J. Christensen, M. Goodsite, N. Z. Heidam, B. Jensen et al., Fate of Elemental Mercury in the Arctic during Atmospheric Mercury Depletion Episodes and the Load of Atmospheric Mercury to the Arctic, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.38, issue.8, pp.2373-2382, 2004.
DOI : 10.1021/es030080h

F. Slemr, G. Schuster, and W. Seiler, Distribution, speciation, and budget of atmospheric mercury, Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, vol.24, issue.4, pp.407-434, 1985.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00053870

F. Slemr, E. G. Brunke, R. Ebinghaus, C. Temme, J. Munthe et al., Worldwide trend of atmospheric mercury since 1977, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.37, issue.10, 2003.
DOI : 10.1029/2003GL016954

S. Solberg, N. Schmidbauer, A. Semb, F. Stordal, and O. Hov, Boundary-layer ozone depletion as seen in the Norwegian Arctic in spring, Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, vol.27, issue.3, pp.301-332, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00055158

J. Sommar, K. Gardfeldt, D. Stromberg, and X. Feng, A kinetic study of the gas-phase reaction between the hydroxyl radical and atomic mercury, Atmospheric Environment, vol.35, issue.17, pp.3049-3054, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00108-X

J. Sommar, I. Wängberg, T. Berg, K. Gardfeldt, J. Munthe et al., Circumpolar transport and air-surface exchange of atmospheric mercury at Ny-Ålesund (79° N), Svalbard, spring 2002, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, vol.4, issue.2, pp.1727-1771, 2002.
DOI : 10.5194/acpd-4-1727-2004

C. W. Spicer, R. A. Plastridge, K. L. Foster, B. J. Finlayson-pitts, J. Bottenheim et al., Molecular halogens before and during ozone depletion events in the Arctic at polar sunrise: concentrations and sources, Atmospheric Environment, vol.36, issue.15-16, pp.2721-2731, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00125-5

F. Sprovieri, N. Pirrone, I. M. Hedgecock, M. S. Landis, and R. Stevens, Intensive atmospheric mercury measurements at Terra Nova Bay in Antarctica during, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.107, p.4722, 2000.

A. Steffen, W. H. Schroeder, J. Bottenheim, J. Narayana, and J. D. Fuentes, Atmospheric mercury concentrations: measurements and profiles near snow and ice surfaces in the Canadian Arctic during Alert 2000, Atmospheric Environment, vol.36, issue.15-16, pp.2653-2661, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00112-7

A. Steffen, W. Schroeder, R. W. Macdonald, and A. Konopolev, On-going atmospheric mercury measurements in the high Arctic in Canada and Russia, Materials and geoenvironment 51, pp.1786-1790, 2004.

E. D. Stein, Y. Cohen, and A. M. Winer, Environmental distribution and transformation of mercury compounds, Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, vol.12, issue.7, pp.1-43, 1996.
DOI : 10.1080/10643389609388485

T. Tang and J. C. Mcconnell, Autocatalytic release of bromine from Arctic snow pack during polar sunrise, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.23, issue.19, pp.2633-2636, 1996.
DOI : 10.1029/96GL02572

C. Temme, J. Einax, R. Ebinghaus, and W. Schroeder, Measurements of Atmospheric Mercury Species at a Coastal Site in the Antarctic and over the South Atlantic Ocean during Polar Summer, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.37, issue.1, pp.22-31, 2003.
DOI : 10.1021/es025884w

J. A. Tossel, Calculation of the Energetics for Oxidation of Gas-Phase Elemental Hg by Br and BrO, The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, vol.107, issue.39, pp.7804-7808, 2003.
DOI : 10.1021/jp030390m

O. Travnikov and A. Ryaboshapko, Modelling of mercury hemispheric transport and depositions, 2002.

M. Tuckermann, R. Ackermann, C. Gölz, H. Lorenzen-schmidt, T. Senne et al., DOAS-observation of halogen radical-catalysed arctic boundary layer ozone destruction during the ARCTOC-campains, pp.533-555, 1995.

S. M. Ullrich, T. W. Tanton, and S. A. Abdrashitova, Mercury in the Aquatic Environment: A Review of Factors Affecting Methylation, Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, vol.31, issue.3, pp.241-293, 2001.
DOI : 10.1080/20016491089226

U. Epa, Mercury Study Report to Congress, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Office of Research and Development, 1997.

U. Epa, Method 1631, Revision B: Mercury in Water by oxidation, Purge and Trap, and Cold Vapor Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry, 1999.

R. Vogt, P. J. Crutzen, and R. Sander, A mechanism for halogen release from sea-salt aerosol in the remote marine boundary layer, Nature, vol.383, issue.6598, pp.327-330, 1996.
DOI : 10.1038/383327a0

R. Wagemann, W. L. Lockhart, H. Welch, and S. Innes, Arctic marine mammals as integrators and indicators of mercury in the Arctic, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, vol.51, issue.1-4, pp.683-693, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01189721

R. Wagemann, S. Innes, and P. R. Richard, Overview and regional and temporal differences of heavy metals in Arctic whales and ringed seals in the Canadian Arctic, Science of The Total Environment, vol.186, issue.1-2, pp.41-66, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0048-9697(96)05085-1

P. Wennberg, Bromine explosion, Nature, vol.397, issue.6717, pp.299-301, 1999.
DOI : 10.1038/16805

B. Wheatley and S. Paradis, Exposure of Canadian aboriginal peoples to methylmercury, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, vol.5, issue.1, pp.3-11, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01189647

W. Ipcs, Methylmercury. Environmental Health Criteria No 101, WHO (World Health Organisation, IPCS (International Programme on Chemical Safety), 1990.

W. Ipcs, Inorganic mercury. Environmental Health Criteria No, WHO (World Health Organisation) / IPCS (International Programme on Chemical Safety), 1991.

Z. F. Xiao, J. Munthe, and O. Lindqvist, Sampling and determination of gaseous and particulate mercury in the atmosphere using gold-coated denuders, Water Air & Soil Pollution, vol.3, issue.1, pp.141-151, 1991.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00342268

Z. Xiao, J. Sommar, S. Wei, and O. Lindqvist, Sampling and determination of gas phase divalent mercury in the air using a KCl coated denuder, Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry, vol.358, issue.3, pp.386-391, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/s002160050434