F. Baret and G. Et-guyot, Potentials and limits of vegetation indices for LAI and APAR assessment, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.35, issue.2-3, pp.161-173, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0034-4257(91)90009-U

A. Baudoin, The current and future SPOT Program , Workshop of ISPRS Working Groups I/1, I/3 and IV/4: Sensors and Mapping from Space, 1999.

N. Benech, Modélisation des zones urbaines et forestières, simulation d'images haute résolution, 2000.

A. Berk, L. S. Bernstein, and D. C. Et-robertson, MODTRAN : A Moderate Resolution Model for LOWTRAN, Geophys. Lab, vol.7, 1989.

P. Boyat, Modélisation du transfert radiatif dans le domaine thermique des surfaces terrestres Rapport de projet fin d'études, École Nationale Supérieure des Constructions Aéronautiques, 2001.

T. Brakke, J. Smith, and J. Et-harnden, Bidirectional scattering of light from tree leaves, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.29, issue.2, pp.175-183, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0034-4257(89)90025-4

H. T. Breece, . Iii, and R. A. Holmes, Bidirectional Scattering Characteristics of Healthy Green Soybean and Corn Leaves in Vivo, Applied Optics, vol.10, issue.1, pp.119-127, 1971.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.10.000119

H. Colas, DART Monte Carlo, Stage Fin d'Études de l'École Nationale Supérieure de l'Aéronautique et l'Espace, 1998.

W. M. Cornette, P. K. Acharya, D. C. Robertson, and G. P. Et-anderson, Moderate spectral atmospheric radiance and transmittance code (MOSART) Rep, 1994.

A. R. Curtis, The Computation of Radiative Heating Rates in the Atmosphere, Proc. Roy. Soc. London, A236, pp.156-159, 1956.
DOI : 10.1098/rspa.1956.0122

R. Dallest and T. , Modélisation du transfert radiatif optique dans le domaine de l'infrarouge optique, 2001.

N. Decoster, C. Contrat, . Cesbio-/-noveltis-réf, and . Nov-hr-, Optimisation des gabarits spectraux des bandes XS du système, 2000.

N. Decoster, Etude du dimensionnement XS à l'aide du modèle DART, 2000.

C. Contrat, NOV-2000-BL-590. et Réf

V. Demarez, Modélisation du transfert radiatif et télédétection hyperspectrale pour le suivi temporel de la teneur en chlorophylle d'une forêt tempérée, 1997.

D. Ducrot, Analyse des données et Traitement d'images, cours de l, 2000.

E. Dufrêne, L. Dantec, V. Demarez, V. Gastellu-etchegorry, J. P. Marty et al., Remote sensing of the Fontainebleau forest during EMAC-94 : objectives and data collection program, Workshop Proceedings EMAC 94/95 Final Results, 1997.

F. Estève, Traitement d'Images et Simulation d'Observations Satellitaires, Rapport du projet fin d'études de l'École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Constructions Aéronautiques, 1999.

J. P. Gastellu-etchegorry, V. Demarez, V. Pinel, and F. Et-zagolski, Modeling radiative transfer in heterogeneous 3-D vegetation canopies, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.58, issue.2, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0034-4257(95)00253-7
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/ird-00405222

J. P. Gastellu-etchegorry, P. Guillevic, F. Zagolski, V. Demarez, V. Trichon et al., Modelling BRF and radiation regime of tropical and boreal forests, Part I : BRF, Remote Sensing of Environment, pp.281-316, 1999.

H. Gex, Consolidation de l'intérêt de l'élargissement de P vers le BO ou le PIR pour l'observation des luminances situées dans les zones d'ombre, Projet fin d'études de l' École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie, 1999.

N. S. Goel and D. E. Et-strebel, Inversion of vegetation canopy reflectance models for estimating agronomic variables. I. Problem definition and initial results using the suits model, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.13, issue.6, pp.487-507, 1983.
DOI : 10.1016/0034-4257(83)90055-X

R. M. Goody, Atmospheric Radiation 1, Theoretical Basis, 1964.

Y. Govaerts and M. M. Et-verstraete, Raytran: a Monte Carlo ray-tracing model to compute light scattering in three-dimensional heterogeneous media, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol.36, issue.2, pp.493-505, 1998.
DOI : 10.1109/36.662732

L. Grant, Diffuse and specular characteristics of leaf reflectance, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.22, issue.2, pp.309-322, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/0034-4257(87)90064-2

D. C. Griersmith, Remote Sensing in Hydrological and Agrometeorological Applications: proceedings of the Fifth UN, 1991.

G. G. Hall, J. R. Townshend, and E. T. Et-engman, Status of remote sensing algorithms for estimation of land surface state parameters, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.51, issue.1, pp.138-156, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0034-4257(94)00071-T

G. G. Hall, J. R. Townshend, and E. T. Et-engman, Status of remote sensing algorithms for estimation of land surface state parameters, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.51, issue.1, pp.138-156, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0034-4257(94)00071-T

B. Hapke, Bidirectional reflectance spectroscopy: 1. Theory, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.16, issue.B4, pp.3039-3054, 1981.
DOI : 10.1029/JB086iB04p03039
URL : http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19870014000

B. Hapke, Theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy, Topics in remote sensing, 1993.

B. Hu, K. Inannen, and J. R. Et-miller, Retrieval of Leaf Area Index and Canopy Closure from CASI Data over the BOREAS Flux Tower Sites, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.74, issue.2, pp.255-274, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0034-4257(00)00116-4

A. R. Huete, A soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) Remote Sens. of Envir, pp.295-309, 1998.

B. Idso and C. T. De-wit, Light Relations in Plant Canopies, Applied Optics, vol.9, issue.1, pp.177-184, 1970.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.9.000177

S. Jacquemoud, Utilisation de la haute résolution spectrale pour l'étude des couverts végétaux : développement d'un modèle de réflectance spectrale, Thèse, p.92, 1992.

S. Jacquemoud and F. Et-baret, PROSPECT: A model of leaf optical properties spectra, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.34, issue.2, pp.75-91, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0034-4257(90)90100-Z

P. K. Khanna and B. Et-ulrich, Ecochemistry of temperate deciduous forests In : Temperate Deciduous Forest. Ecosystems of the World, pp.121-163, 1991.

M. S. Kim, The use of narrow spectral bands for improving remote sensing estimation of fractionally absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (fAPAR) Master Thesis, p.67, 1994.

D. Kimes, J. P. Gastellu-etchegorry, and P. Et-estève, Recovery of forest canopy characteristics through inversion of a complex 3D model, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.79, issue.2-3, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00282-6

D. S. Kimes and J. A. Et-kirchner, Radiative transfer model for heterogeneous 3-D scenes, Applied Optics, vol.21, issue.22, pp.4119-4129, 1982.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.21.004119

D. S. Kimes, Y. Knyazikhin, J. L. Privette, A. A. Abuelgasim, and F. Gao, Inversion methods for physically???based models, Remote Sensing Reviews, vol.1, issue.2-4, pp.381-439, 2000.
DOI : 10.1109/99.735892

D. S. Kimes, R. F. Nelson, M. T. Manry, and . Et-fung, Review article: Attributes of neural networks for extracting continuous vegetation variables from optical and radar measurements, International Journal of Remote Sensing, vol.19, issue.14, pp.2639-2663, 1998.
DOI : 10.1080/014311698214433

D. S. Kimes, P. J. Sellers, and D. J. Et-diner, Extraction of spectral hemispherical reflectance (albedo) of surfaces from nadir and directional reflectance data, International Journal of Remote Sensing, vol.8, issue.12, p.1727, 1987.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.24.000383

J. A. Kong, Electromagnetic Wave Theory, 1986.

A. Kuusk, The hot spot effect of a uniform cover, Sovietic Journal of Remote Sensing, vol.3, pp.645-658, 1985.

L. Dantec and V. , Utilisation de la télédétection multi-spectrale en vue de modéliser le bilan carboné d'un massif forestier, p.35, 1997.

M. Lefèvre-fonollosa, Les Activités Thématique Système (ATS) en préparation au programme PLEIADES-HR, Note interne CNES, 2001.

C. Lelong, Caractérisation des surfaces agricoles et de leur évolution par reconnaissance hyperspectrale, 1999.

J. Lenoble, Atmospheric radiative transfer, 1993.

S. Liang and A. H. Et-strahler, An analytic radiative transfer model for a coupled atmosphere and leaf canopy, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.10, issue.D3, pp.5085-5094, 1995.
DOI : 10.1029/94JD03249

E. R. Malaret, The relationship of sensor parameters to applications data analysis, 1982.

W. Malkmus, Random Lorentz Band Model with Exponential-Tailed S^???1 Line-Intensity Distribution Function*, Journal of the Optical Society of America, vol.57, issue.3, pp.323-329, 1967.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSA.57.000323

R. Mathiaud and V. , Modélisation Physique d'Images de Télédétection ?Paysages Naturels et Urbains, Projet fin d'études de l'École Nationale Supérieure de l'Aéronautique et de l, Espace, 2000.

B. Mayer, A. Et, and . Kylling, Three-dimensional radiative transfer over inhomogeneous terrain, IAMAS 2001 assembly, 2001.

C. Miesch, Quantification des Effets de l'Hétérogénéité et du relief du sol en télédétection : modélisation du signal en entrée du capteur, Thèse de l'École Nationale, 1999.

D. Munoz, Influence de l'environnement pour la détection dans les zones à l'ombre, en vue d'une adaptation du gabarit du canal panchromatique des satellites PLEIADES, Stage fin de maî trise en informatique de l, 2000.

R. B. Myneni and J. Et-ross, Photo-vegetation Interactions ? Applications in Optical Remote Sensing and Plant Ecology, 1991.

R. B. Myneni, G. Asrar, and E. T. Kanemasu, The theory of photon transport in leaf canopies, Theory and applications of optical remote sensing, pp.167-265, 1989.

J. A. Nelder, R. Et, and . Mead, A Simplex Method for Function Minimization, The Computer Journal, vol.7, issue.4, p.308, 1965.
DOI : 10.1093/comjnl/7.4.308

E. Nicolini, Approche Morphologique du développement du hêtre (Fagus Sylvatica L, Thèse Université Montpellier II, France. 173 pp, 1997.

T. Nilson, On the optimum geometrical arrangement of foliage in the plant cover, In : Solar Radiation Regime in Plant Stand Acad Sci ESSR, Institute of Physics and Astronautics, pp.112-146, 1968.

T. Nilson, Approximate analytical methods for calculating the reflection functions of leaf canopies in remote sensing applications, Photon-vegetation Interactions, pp.161-190, 1991.

P. R. North, Three-dimensional forest light interaction model using a Monte Carlo method, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol.34, issue.4, pp.946-956, 1996.
DOI : 10.1109/36.508411

A. Peraiah, Introduction to Radiative Transfer: Methods and Applications in Astrophysics, 2001.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9781139164474

V. Pinel, Apport de la modélisation du transfert radiatif pour l'étude des écosystèmes forestiers par télédétection, Thèse de l, 1997.

B. Pinty, N. Gobron, J. Widlowski, S. A. Gerstl, M. M. Verstraete et al., Radiation transfer model intercomparison (RAMI) exercise, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.58, issue.D11, pp.11937-11956, 2001.
DOI : 10.1029/2000JD900493
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/ird-00405091

C. Proisy, Apport des données radar à synthèse d'ouverture pour l'étude de la dynamique des écosystèmes forestiers, Thèse, 1999.

W. H. Press, A. A. Teukolsky, W. T. Vetterling, and B. P. Flannery, Numerical recipes in C ? The art of scientific programming, 1992.

J. L. Privette, R. B. Myneni, W. J. Emery, and B. Et-pinty, Inversion of a soil bidirectional reflectance model for use with vegetation reflectance models, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.24, issue.D12, pp.25497-25508, 1995.
DOI : 10.1029/95JD00851

G. Rondeaux, M. Steven, and F. Et-baret, Optimization of soil-adjusted vegetation indices, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.55, issue.2, pp.95-107, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0034-4257(95)00186-7

J. Ross, The radiation regime and architecture of plant stands, p.342, 1975.

J. K. Ross, The radiation regime and architecture of plant stands, 1981.

P. J. Sellers, Canopy reflectance, photosynthesis and transpiration, International Journal of Remote Sensing, vol.70, issue.8, p.1335, 1985.
DOI : 10.1080/01431168508948283

A. W. Siegfriend, . Gerstl, and . Zardecki, Discrete-ordinates finite-element method for atmospheric radiative transfer and remote sensing, Applied Optics, vol.24, issue.1, 1985.

J. A. Stratton, Electromagnetic theory, pp.615-164, 1941.
DOI : 10.1002/9781119134640
URL : http://usir.salford.ac.uk/29049/1/SCN0183.pdf

R. Tanré, D. Herman, M. Deschamps, and P. Y. , Influence of the background contribution upon space measurements of ground reflectance, Applied Optics, vol.20, issue.20, pp.733-741, 1981.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.20.003676

R. L. Thompson and N. S. Et-goel, Two models for rapidly calculating bidirectional reflectance : Photon spread (ps) model and statistical photon spread (sps) model, Remote Sensing Reviews, pp.157-207, 1998.

V. Trichon, Hétérogénéité spatiale des structures en forêt naturelle de basse altitude à Sumatra, 1996.

V. Trichon and J. P. Et-gastellu-etchegorry, A modelling approach of PAR environment in a tropical rain forest in Sumatra : Application to remote sensing, Proceedings Ecological Summit, vol.96, 1996.

C. J. Tucker, Red and photographic infrared linear combinations for monitoring vegetation, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.8, issue.2, pp.127-150, 1979.
DOI : 10.1016/0034-4257(79)90013-0

C. Valorge, Télédétection et Traitement des images ? Introduction, Cours École Nationale, 2000.

V. C. Vanderbilt, L. Frant, and . Et-ustin, Polarization of light by vegetation, Photonvegetation Interactions, pp.191-226, 1991.

W. Verhoef, Earth observation modeling based on layer scattering matrices, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.17, issue.2, pp.164-178, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/0034-4257(85)90072-0

E. Vermote, D. Tanré, L. Deuze, N. Herman, and J. J. Et-morcrette, Second simulation of the satellite signal in the solar spectrum (6S), 6S user's guide, version 2, p.214, 1996.

M. M. Verstraete and B. Et-pinty, Designing optimal spectral indexes for remote sensing applications, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol.34, issue.5, pp.1254-1265, 1996.
DOI : 10.1109/36.536541

M. Weiss, F. Baret, R. B. Myneni, A. Pragnere, and Y. Et-knyazikhin, Investigation of a model inversion technique to estimate canopy biophysical variables from spectral and directional reflectance data, Agronomie, vol.20, issue.1, pp.3-22, 2000.
DOI : 10.1051/agro:2000105
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00885991

J. T. Woolley, Reflectance and Transmittance of Light by Leaves, PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, vol.47, issue.5, pp.656-662, 1971.
DOI : 10.1104/pp.47.5.656