R. Aerts, The advantages of being evergreen, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.10, issue.10, pp.402-407, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/S0169-5347(00)89156-9

R. Aerts, Nitrogen Partitioning between Resorption and Decomposition Pathways: A Trade-Off between Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Litter Decomposibility?, Oikos, vol.80, issue.3, pp.603-606, 1997.
DOI : 10.2307/3546636

R. Aerts, . Van-der, and M. Peijl, A simple model to explain the dominance of lowproductive perennials in nutrient-poor habitats, Oïkos, vol.66, issue.4, pp.144-147, 1993.

M. Agassi, W. Kirsten, A. Loock, and P. Fine, Percolation and leachate composition in a disturbed soil layer mulched with sewage biosolids, Soil and Tillage Research, vol.45, issue.3-4, pp.359-372, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0933-3630(97)00028-7

R. Albiach, R. Canet, F. Pomares, and F. Ingelmo, Microbial biomass content and enzymatic activities after the application of organic amendments to a horticultural soil, Bioresource Technology, vol.75, issue.1, pp.43-48, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0960-8524(00)00030-4

O. Archibold, Mediterranean ecosystems. Ecology of world vegetation, pp.131-164, 1995.

M. Arianoutsou and C. Thanos, Legumes in the fire-prone Mediterranean environment, Proceedings of the 2 nd International Conference on Forest Fire Research, pp.995-1005, 1994.

G. Aubert, Apport de la connaissance de la végétation spontanée dans la recherche des potentialités forestières d'un territoire en région méditerranéenne, Revue Forestière Française, XXXV, issue.6, pp.425-442, 1983.

B. Baeza, M. Raventos, J. Escarré, A. Vallejo, and V. , The effect of shrub clearing on the control of the fire-prone species Ulex parviflorus, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.186, issue.1-3, pp.47-59, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00237-8

D. Baize, Guide des analyses courantes en pédologie, 1988.

F. Bagnouls and H. Gaussen, Les climats biologiques et leur classification, Annales de G??ographie, vol.66, issue.355, pp.193-220, 1957.
DOI : 10.3406/geo.1957.18273
URL : http://doi.org/10.3406/geo.1957.18273

V. Baldy, M. Gessner, and E. Chauvet, Bacteria, Fungi and the Breakdown of Leaf Litter in a Large River, Oikos, vol.74, issue.1, pp.93-102, 1995.
DOI : 10.2307/3545678
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01296551

R. Ballard, Fertilization of plantations. Nutrition of plantation forests, GD Bowen & EKS Nambiar), pp.327-360, 1984.

C. Ballini, Contribution à l'étude écologique des groupements à Ulex parviflorus Pourr. en Provence calcaire : régénération, structure, productivité et dynamique des bioéléments, Thèse de doctorat, 1993.

C. Ballini and G. Bonin, Nutrient cycling in some Ulex parviflorus Pourr. scrubs in Provence (southeastern France). II. Nutrient release from decomposing litter, European Journal of Soil Biology, vol.31, issue.3, pp.143-151, 1995.

M. Barajas-aceves, M. Hassan, R. Tinoco, and R. Vazquez-duhalt, Effect of pollutants on the ergosterol content as indicator of fungal biomass, Journal of Microbiological Methods, vol.50, issue.3, pp.227-236, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-7012(02)00031-3

M. Barbero, G. Bonin, R. Loisel, F. Miglioretti, and P. Quézel, Impact of forest fires on structure and architecture of mediterranean ecosystems, Ecologia mediterranea XIII, pp.39-50, 1987.

M. Barbero, G. Bonin, R. Loisel, and P. Quézel, Changes and disturbances of forest ecosystems caused by human activities in the western part of the mediterranean basin, Vegetatio, vol.7, issue.1, pp.151-173, 1990.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00042952

N. Basta and M. Tabatabai, Determination of Total Potassium, Sodium, Calcium, and Magnesium in Plant Materials by Ion Chromatography1, Soil Science Society of America Journal, vol.49, issue.1, pp.76-81, 1985.
DOI : 10.2136/sssaj1985.03615995004900010015x

P. Bellingham and A. Sparrow, Resprouting as a life history strategy in woody plant communities, Oikos, vol.89, issue.2, pp.409-416, 2000.
DOI : 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.890224.x

F. Berendse, Competition between Plant Populations at Low and High Nutrient Supplies, Oikos, vol.71, issue.2, pp.253-260, 1994.
DOI : 10.2307/3546273

F. Berendse, Effects of dominant plant species on soils during succession in nutrient-poor ecosystems, Biogeochemistry, vol.42, pp.73-88, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-017-2691-7_4

B. Berg and B. Söderström, Fungal biomass and nitrogen in decomposing scots pine needle litter, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol.11, issue.4, pp.339-341, 1979.
DOI : 10.1016/0038-0717(79)90045-2

T. Berger and G. Glatzel, Response of Quercus petraea seedlings to nitrogen fertilization, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.149, issue.1-3, pp.1-14, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00541-7

M. Bernal, M. Sanchez-monedero, C. Paredes, and A. Roig, Carbon mineralization from organic wastes at different composting stages during their incubation with soil, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.69, issue.3, pp.175-189, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-8809(98)00106-6

F. Bingham, Phosphorus. Diagnostic criteria for plants and soils, pp.324-362, 1966.

J. Blair, FIRE, N AVAILABILITY, AND PLANT RESPONSE IN GRASSLANDS: A TEST OF THE TRANSIENT MAXIMA HYPOTHESIS, Ecology, vol.78, issue.8, pp.2359-2368, 1997.
DOI : 10.1890/0012-9658(1997)078[1832:SNAPRT]2.0.CO;2

G. Bonito, D. Coleman, B. Haines, and M. Cabrera, Can nitrogen budgets explain differences in soil nitrogen mineralization rates of forest stands along an elevation gradient ? Forest Ecology and Management, pp.563-574, 2003.

W. Borken, A. Muhs, and F. Beese, Application of compost in spruce forests: effects on soil respiration, basal respiration and microbial biomass, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.159, issue.1-2, pp.49-58, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00709-5

F. Bouanani, Etude en champs et en conditions contrôlées de la minéralisation de l'azote et des modifications de l'organisation du sol, après apport de matières organiques issues de déchets urbains et agricoles, Thèse de doctorat, 2001.

A. Bourg, Speciation of heavy metals in soils and groundwater and implications for their natural and provoqued mobility. Heavy metals: problems and solutions. Salomons, Förstner and Mader editors, pp.19-31, 1995.

G. Bowen, Tree roots and the use of soil nutrients. Nutrition of plantation forests, pp.147-180, 1984.

G. Bradford, Boron. Diagnostic criteria for plants and soils, pp.324-362, 1966.

J. Briat and M. Lebrun, Plant responses to metal toxicity, Comptes Rendus de l'Acad??mie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie, vol.322, issue.1, pp.43-54, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0764-4469(99)80016-X

D. Brockway, Forest Floor, Soil, and Vegetation Responses to Sludge Fertilization in Red and White Pine Plantations1, Soil Science Society of America Journal, vol.47, issue.4, pp.776-784, 1983.
DOI : 10.2136/sssaj1983.03615995004700040033x

N. Buesing and M. Gessner, Comparison of detachment procedures for direct counts of bacteria associated with sediment particles, plant litter and epiphytic biofilms. Aquatic Microb, Ecology, vol.27, pp.29-36, 2002.

L. Calvo, R. Tarrega, and E. Luis, Secondary succession after perturbations in a shrubland community, Acta Oecologica, vol.23, issue.6, pp.393-404, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1146-609X(02)01164-5

L. Calvo, R. Tarrega, and E. Luis, The dynamics of mediterranean shrubs species over 12 years following perturbations, Plant Ecology, vol.160, issue.1, pp.25-42, 2002.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1015882812563

C. Cambardella, T. Richard, and A. Russell, Compost mineralization in soil as a function of composting process conditions, European Journal of Soil Biology, vol.39, issue.3, pp.117-127, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1164-5563(03)00027-X

I. Cañellas and A. Miguel, Litter fall and nutrient turnover in Kermes oak (Quercus coccifera L.) shrublands in Valencia (eastern Spain), Annales des Sciences Foresti??res, vol.55, issue.5, pp.589-597, 1998.
DOI : 10.1051/forest:19980506

F. Caravaca, C. Garcia, M. Hernandez, and A. Roldan, Aggregate stability changes after organic amendment and mycorrhizal inoculation in the afforestation of a semiarid site with Pinus halepensis, Applied Soil Ecology, vol.19, issue.3, pp.199-208, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0929-1393(01)00189-5

J. &. Carreira and F. Niell, Plant nutrient changes in a semi-arid Mediterranean shrubland after fire, Journal of Vegetation Science, vol.144, issue.3, pp.457-466, 1992.
DOI : 10.2307/3235802

R. Caturla, J. Raventos, R. Guàrdia, and V. Vallejo, Early post-fire regeneration dynamics of Brachypodium retusum Pers. (Beauv.) in old fields of the Valencia region (eastern Spain), Acta Oecologica, vol.21, issue.1, pp.1-12, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S1146-609X(00)00114-4

F. Chapin, The Mineral Nutrition of Wild Plants, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, vol.11, issue.1, pp.233-260, 1980.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.es.11.110180.001313

F. Chapin, P. Matson, and H. Mooney, Principles of terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology, p.436, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4419-9504-9

H. Chapman, Calcium. Diagnostic criteria for plants and soils, pp.65-85, 1966.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00304435

E. Chauvet, Changes in the chemical composition of alder, poplar and willow leaves during decomposition in a river, Hydrobiologia, vol.37, issue.3, pp.35-44, 1987.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00018164
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01308110

Y. Chen, B. Chefetz, and Y. Hadar, Formation and properties of humic substance originating from composts, Science of composting, pp.382-393, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-009-1569-5_36

J. Cortet, R. Joffre, S. Elmholt, and P. Krogh, Increasing species and trophic diversity of mesofaune affects fungal biomass, mesofaune structure community and organic matter decomposition processes, Biology and Fertility of Soil, vol.37, pp.302-312, 2003.

G. Courtois, Evolution de la réglementation concernant l'épandage des boues issues du traitement des eaux usées : aspects sanitaires, Forêt méditerranéenne, vol.21, issue.3, pp.416-421, 2000.

S. Criquet, La litière de chêne vert (Quercus ilex L.) Aspects méthodologiques, enzymologiques et microbiologiques. Etude préliminaire des relations in situ entre microorganismes, enzymes et facteurs environnementaux, Thèse de doctorat, 1999.

S. Criquet, S. Tagger, G. Vogt, and J. Petit, Endoglucanase and ??-glycosidase activities in an evergreen oak litter: annual variation and regulating factors, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol.34, issue.8, pp.1111-1122, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0038-0717(02)00045-7

S. Criquet, A. Farnet, S. Tagger, and J. Petit, Annual variations of phenoloxidase activities in an evergreen oak litter: influence of certain biotic and abiotic factors, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol.32, issue.11-12, pp.1505-1513, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0038-0717(00)00027-4

C. Damesin, S. Rambal, and R. Joffre, Co-occurrence of trees with different leaf habit: A functional approach on Mediterranean oaks, Acta Oecologica, vol.19, issue.3, pp.195-204, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S1146-609X(98)80024-6

C. Davey and A. Wollum, Nitrogen fixation systems in forest plantations. Nutrition of plantation forests, pp.181-210, 1984.

B. Dell, A. Hopkins, B. Lamont, . Dell, . Hopkins et al., Introduction. Resilience in Mediterraneantype ecosystems, pp.1-5, 1986.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01382611

D. Luis, M. Garcia-cano, M. Cortina, J. Raventos, J. et al., Climatic trends, disturbances and short-term vegetation dynamics in a Mediterranean shrubland, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.147, issue.1, pp.25-37, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00438-2

D. Nicola, F. Maisto, G. Alfani, and A. , Assessment of nutritional status and trace element contamination of holm oak woodlands through analyses of leaves and surrounding soils, Science of The Total Environment, vol.311, issue.1-3, pp.191-203, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00132-3

R. Diaz-delgado, F. Lloret, X. Pons, and J. Terradas, SATELLITE EVIDENCE OF DECREASING RESILIENCE IN MEDITERRANEAN PLANT COMMUNITIES AFTER RECURRENT WILDFIRES, Ecology, vol.83, issue.8, pp.2293-2303, 2002.
DOI : 10.1029/2000JD000115

J. &. Donnegan and A. Rebertus, RATES AND MECHANISMS OF SUBALPINE FOREST SUCCESSION ALONG AN ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENT, Ecology, vol.80, issue.4, pp.1370-1384, 1999.
DOI : 10.2307/2424909

D. Douglas, R. Saari-nordhaus, P. Despres, and J. Jr, New suppressor technology improves trace level anion analysis with carbonate???hydrogencarbonate mobile phases, Journal of Chromatography A, vol.956, issue.1-2, pp.47-51, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0021-9673(02)00038-9

J. Dutch and R. Wolstenholme, The effects of sewage sludge application to a heathland site prior to planting with Sitka spruce, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.66, issue.1-3, pp.151-163, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-1127(94)90154-6

E. Embleton and T. , Magnesium. Diagnostic criteria for plants and soils, pp.225-263, 1966.

E. Epstein, D. Keane, J. Meisinger, and J. Legg, Mineralization of Nitrogen from Sewage Sludge and Sludge Compost1, Journal of Environment Quality, vol.7, issue.2, pp.217-221, 1978.
DOI : 10.2134/jeq1978.00472425000700020013x

E. Epstein, J. Taylor, and R. Chaney, Effects of Sewage Sludge and Sludge Compost Applied to Soil on some Soil Physical and Chemical Properties1, Journal of Environment Quality, vol.5, issue.4, pp.422-426, 1976.
DOI : 10.2134/jeq1976.00472425000500040021x

C. Faurie, C. Ferra, P. Médori, and J. Dévaux, Ecologie : approche scientifique et pratique, 2003.

I. Feix and D. Savanne, Evaluation des risques écotoxicologiques lies à l'épandage des déchets en agriculture, 16 ème Congrès Mondial des Sciences du Sol, pp.20-26, 1998.

C. Floret, Méthode de mesure de la végétation pastorale, Eds Institut agronomique méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM), France, et Institut agronomique et vétérinaire Hassan II de Rabat, Maroc), pp.24-33, 1988.

C. Floret, M. Galan, L. Floc-'h, E. Leprince, F. Romane et al., France. Plant Pheno-morphological Studies in Mediterranean Type Ecosystems, pp.9-98, 1989.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00935808

A. Ferran and V. Vallejo, Long-term plant regeneration after wildfires in Mediterranean ecosystems of NE Spain. Fire Management and Landscape Ecology ( ed L Trabaud), International Association of Wildland Fire Fairfield, pp.155-166, 1998.

G. Garcia, C. Hernandez, T. Costa, and F. , The influence of composting and maturation processes on the heavy-metal extractability from some organic wastes, Biological Wastes, vol.31, issue.4, pp.195-219, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0269-7483(90)90086-8

J. Gershenzon, Changes in the level of plant secondary metabolites production under water and nutrient stress. Phytochemical adaptation to stress, recent advance in phytochemistry (eds FA Loewus, pp.273-320, 1984.

M. Gessner, M. Bauchrowitz, and M. Escautier, Extraction and quantification of ergosterol as a measure of fungal biomass in leaf litter, Microbial Ecology, vol.187, issue.c, pp.285-291, 1991.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02540230

M. Gessner and E. Chauvet, Importance of Stream Microfungi in Controlling Breakdown Rates of Leaf Litter, Ecology, vol.75, issue.6, pp.1807-1817, 1994.
DOI : 10.2307/1939639

M. Gessner and A. Schmitt, Use of solid phase extraction to determine ergosterol concentrations in plant tissue colonized by fungi, Applied Environmental Microbiology, vol.62, pp.415-419, 1996.

E. Gimeno-garcia, V. Andreu, and J. Rubio, Influence of Mediterranean shrub species on soil chemical properties in typical Mediterranean environment, Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, vol.32, issue.11&12, pp.1885-1898, 2001.
DOI : 10.1081/CSS-120000256

G. Giovannini, V. R. Vallejo, S. Lucchesi, S. Bautista, S. Ciompi et al., Effects of land use and eventual fire on soil erodibility in dry Mediterranean conditions, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.147, issue.1, pp.15-23, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00437-0

J. Gosz, Biological factors influencing nutrient supply in forest soils. Nutrition of plantation forests, pp.119-146, 1984.

F. Gouin and J. Walker, Deciduous tree seedling response to nursery soil amended with composted sewage sludge, Hort. Sci, vol.12, issue.1, pp.45-47, 1977.

S. Goyal, A. Hafez, and D. Rains, Simultaneous Determination of Total Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, and Calcium in Plant Tissues Using Acid Digestion and Ion Chromatography, Agronomy Journal, vol.85, issue.6, pp.1192-1197, 1993.
DOI : 10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500060019x

P. Grogan, T. Bruns, and F. Chapin, Fire effects on ecosystem nitrogen cycling in a Californian bishop pine forest, Oecologia, vol.122, issue.4, pp.537-544, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/s004420050977

C. Guerrero, I. Gomez, R. Moral, J. Mataix-solera, J. Mataix-beneyto et al., Reclamation of a burned forest soil with municipal waste compost: macronutrient dynamic and improved vegetation cover recovery, Bioresource Technology, vol.76, issue.3, pp.221-227, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0960-8524(00)00125-5

I. Inra, Epandages expérimentaux de boues sur parcelles boisées : recommandations pour la conception et le suivi de dispositifs expérimentaux. INRA Editions, version provisoire mars, p.pp, 2001.

V. Isidorov and M. Jdanova, Volatile organic compounds from leaves litter, Chemosphere, vol.48, issue.9, pp.975-979, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00074-7

H. Hernandez, L. Probst, A. Probst, J. Ulrich, and E. , Heavy metal distribution in some French forest soils: evidence for atmospheric contamination, Science of The Total Environment, vol.312, issue.1-3, pp.191-203, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00223-7

J. Hodgson, P. Wilson, R. Hunt, J. Grime, and K. Thompson, Allocating C-S-R Plant Functional Types: A Soft Approach to a Hard Problem, Oikos, vol.85, issue.2, pp.282-294, 1999.
DOI : 10.2307/3546494

D. Hooper, THE ROLE OF COMPLEMENTARITY AND COMPETITION IN ECOSYSTEM RESPONSES TO VARIATION IN PLANT DIVERSITY, Ecology, vol.79, issue.2, pp.704-719, 1998.
DOI : 10.2307/1936759

J. Jackson, P. Krol, J. Heckenberg, A. Mientjes, M. Staal et al., Determination of total nitrogen in food, environmental and other samples by ion chromatography after Kjeldahl digestion, Journal of Chromatography A, vol.546, pp.405-410, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)93039-0

V. Jensen, Decomposition of Angiosperm tree leaf litter Biology of plant litter decomposition, pp.69-104, 1974.

S. Jonasson, The point intercept method for non-destructive estimation of biomass, Phytocoenologia, vol.11, issue.3, pp.385-388, 1983.

S. Jonasson, Evaluation of the Point Intercept Method for the Estimation of Plant Biomass, Oikos, vol.52, issue.1, pp.101-106, 1988.
DOI : 10.2307/3565988

M. Juhren, Ecological observations on Cistus in the Mediterranean vegetation, Forest Science, vol.12, issue.4, pp.415-426, 1966.

K. Kabata-pendias, A. Pendias, and H. , Trace elements in soils and plants, 1992.

V. Kavvadias, D. Alifragis, A. Tsiontsis, G. Brofas, and G. Stamatelos, Litterfall, litter accumulation and litter decomposition rates in four forest ecosystems in northern Greece, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.144, issue.1-3, pp.113-127, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00365-0

J. Keeley, A. Dell, &. Hopkins, and . Lamont, Resilience of Mediterranean shrub communities to fire Resilience in Mediterranean-type ecosystems, pp.95-112, 1986.

M. Khan and J. Scullion, Effects of metal (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb or Zn) enrichment of sewage-sludge on soil micro-organisms and their activities, Applied Soil Ecology, vol.20, issue.2, pp.145-155, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0929-1393(02)00018-5

P. Khanna and B. Ulrich, Soil characteristics influencing nutrient supply in forest soils. Nutrition of plantation forests, pp.79-118, 1984.

C. Kim, S. Power, and J. Bell, Effects of Cd and soil type on mineral nutrition and C partitioning in seedlings of P. sylvestris, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, vol.145, issue.1, pp.253-266, 2003.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1023610711837

N. Korboulewsky, G. Bonin, and C. Massiani, Biological and ecophysiological reactions of white wall rocket (Diplotaxis erucoides L.) grown on sewage sludge compost, Environmental Pollution, vol.117, issue.2, pp.365-370, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00165-8

N. Korboulewsky, S. Dupouyet, and G. Bonin, Environmental Risks of Applying Sewage Sludge Compost to Vineyards, Journal of Environment Quality, vol.31, issue.5, pp.1522-1527, 2002.
DOI : 10.2134/jeq2002.1522

F. Kruger, Responses of plants to nutrient supply in Mediterranean-type ecosystems. Plant responses to stress, pp.415-427, 1987.

T. Kunito, K. Saeki, S. Goto, H. Hayashi, H. Oyaizu et al., Copper and zinc fractions affecting microorganisms in long-term sludge-amended soils, Bioresource Technology, vol.79, issue.2, pp.135-146, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00047-5

A. Kwabiah, C. Palm, N. Stoskopf, and R. Voroney, Response of soil microbial biomass dynamics to quality of plant materials with emphasis on P availability, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol.35, issue.2, pp.207-216, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0038-0717(02)00253-5

L. Larcher and W. , Physiological plant ecology, 2 nd Ed, 1983.

L. Houerou and H. , Le rôle de l'écologie végétale dans les études de mise en valeur de la région méditerranéenne, Bulletin des Recherches Agronomiques de Gembloux, pp.68-87, 1971.

L. Houerou and H. , Fire and vegetation in the Mediterranean basin, Proceedings Annual Tall Timbers, Fire Ecology Conference, 1973.

J. Lepart and J. Escarré, La succession végétale, mécanismes et modèles: analyse bibliographique, pp.133-178, 1983.

L. Scaon and G. , Valorisation des boues en région PACA. Communication orale. Colloque régional sur la valorisation des boues, 1999.

F. Lloret and M. Vilà, Clearing of vegetation in Mediterranean garrigue: response after a wildfire, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.93, issue.3, pp.227-234, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-1127(96)03965-5

Y. Luo and P. Christie, Some short-term effects of a lime stabilised sewage sludge applied to arable and forest soils, Irish Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, vol.34, issue.1, p.78, 1995.

M. Madritch, M. Hunter, and M. , Intraspecific litter diversity and nitrogen deposition affect nutrient dynamics and soil respiration, Oecologia, vol.136, issue.1, pp.124-128, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/s00442-003-1253-0

F. Maestre, J. Cortina, S. Bautista, and J. Bellot, Does Pinus halepensis facilitate the establishment of shrubs in Mediterranean semi-arid afforestation ? Forest Ecology and Management, pp.147-160, 2003.

E. Mälkönen, J. Derome, H. Fritze, H. Helmisaari, M. Kukkola et al., Compensatory fertilisation of Scots pine stands polluted by heavy metals, Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, vol.55, issue.3, pp.239-268, 1999.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1009851326584

N. Margaris, Adaptative strategies in plants dominating Mediterranean-type ecosystems. Ecosystems of the world 11. Mediterranean-type shrublands, DW Goodall & RL Specht), pp.309-315, 1981.

J. Marien, Quelle acceptabilité pour l'épandage de boues en forêt ? Forêt méditerranéenne, pp.360-362, 2000.

R. Martens, Current methods for measuring microbial biomass C in soil: Potentials and limitations, Biology and Fertility of Soils, vol.25, issue.20, pp.87-99, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00336142

F. Martinez, M. Casermeiro, D. Morales, G. Cuevas, and I. Walter, Effects on run-off water quantity and quality of urban organic wastes applied in a degraded semi-arid ecosystem, The Science of The Total Environment, vol.305, issue.1-3, pp.13-21, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00472-2

F. Martinez, G. Cuevas, R. Calvo, and I. Walter, Biowaste Effects on Soil and Native Plants in a Semiarid Ecosystem, Journal of Environment Quality, vol.32, issue.2, pp.472-479, 2003.
DOI : 10.2134/jeq2003.4720

P. Martin-prével, Rôle des éléments minéraux chez les végétaux, Fruits, vol.3378, pp.521-529, 1978.

P. Martin-prével, J. Gagnard, and P. Gautier, L'analyse végétale dans le contrôle de l'alimentation des plantes tempérées et tropicales, 1984.

P. Masson and M. Andrieu, Simultaneous analysis of nitrogen, potassium, calcium and magnesium in digested plant samples by ion chromatography, Analusis, vol.24, pp.9-10, 1996.

P. Masson, G. Hilbert, and D. Plenet, Ion chromatography methods for the simultaneous determination of mineral anions in plant sap, Journal of Chromatography A, vol.752, issue.1-2, pp.298-303, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0021-9673(96)00487-6

H. Mckay and A. Moffat, GB experience in the last decade: from research to practice. Biosolids utilisation in forestry, International Workshop, pp.29-30, 2001.

C. Michaut, Boues, sur la voie de l'amendement. Environnement Magazine 1626, pp.41-49, 2004.

H. Miller, Dynamics of nutrient cycling in plantation ecosystems. Nutrition of plantation forests, pp.53-78, 1984.

. Ministère-de-l-'environnement, Perspectives régionales d'utilisation agricole des boues d'épuration et matériel utilisable, pp.18-26, 1983.

N. Montès, C. Ballini, G. Bonin, and J. Faures, A comparative study of aboveground biomass of three Mediterranean species in a post-fire succession, Acta Oecologica, vol.25, issue.1-2, pp.1-6, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.actao.2003.10.002

H. Mooney, Primary production in Mediterranean-climate regions. Ecosystems of the world 11. Mediterranean-type shrublands, DW Goodall & RL Specht), pp.249-255, 1981.

J. Moreno, C. Garcia, T. Hernandez, and J. Pascual, Transference of heavy metals from a calcareous soil amended with sewage-sludge compost to barley plants, Bioresource Technology, vol.55, issue.3, pp.251-258, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0960-8524(96)00009-0

J. Moreno, A. Pérez, A. Aliaga, and T. Hernandez, The ecological dose of Ni in a semiarid soil amended with sewage sludge related to the unamended soil, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, vol.143, issue.1/4, pp.289-300, 2003.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1022853812926

R. Moreno-peñaranda, F. Lloret, and J. Alcañiz, Effects of Sewage Sludge on Plant Community Composition in Restored Limestone Quarries, Restoration Ecology, vol.52, issue.2, pp.290-296, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-8809(00)00158-4

M. Mustin, Le compost : gestion de la matière organique, François Dubusc), p.954, 1993.

N. Navas, A. Machin, J. Navas, and B. , Use of biosolids to restore the natural vegetation cover on degraded soils in the badlands of Zaragoza (NE Spain), Bioresource Technology, vol.69, issue.3, pp.199-205, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0960-8524(99)00003-6

O. Olsen, S. Cola, C. Watanabe, F. Dean, and L. , Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate, 1954.

G. Orshan, Introduction. Plant Pheno-morphological Studies in Mediterranean Type Ecosystems, pp.1-5, 1989.

M. Pagliali and L. Antisari, Influence of waste organic matter on soil micro-and macrostructure, Bioresource Technology, vol.43, issue.3, pp.205-213, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0960-8524(93)90032-7

M. Pagliali, G. Guidi, L. Marca, M. Giachetti, M. Lucamente et al., Effects of Sewage Sludges and Composts on Soil Porosity and Aggregation1, Journal of Environment Quality, vol.10, issue.4, pp.556-561, 1981.
DOI : 10.2134/jeq1981.00472425001000040028x

E. Papatheodorou, M. Argyropoulou, and G. Stamou, The effects of large- and small-scale differences in soil temperature and moisture on bacterial functional diversity and the community of bacterivorous nematodes, Applied Soil Ecology, vol.25, issue.1, pp.37-49, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0929-1393(03)00100-8

V. Pillar, On the identification of optimal plant functional types, Journal of Vegetation Science, vol.8, issue.Suppl., pp.631-640, 1999.
DOI : 10.2307/3237078

B. Pillard-landeau, Results of sewage sludge experimentation in Chantilly forest. Communication du colloque sur l'Utilisation Sylvicole de Produits Résiduaires, pp.29-30, 2001.

J. Pitchel and M. Anderson, Trace metal bioavailability in municipal solid waste and sewage sludge composts, Bioresource Technology, vol.60, pp.223-229, 1997.

N. Planchais, J. Renault-miskovsky, and J. Vernet, Les facteurs d'évolution de la végétation dans le sud de la France depuis le tardiglaciaire d'après l'analyse pollinique et les charbons de bois. Approche écologique de l'homme fossile, pp.323-327, 1977.

P. Planquart, G. Bonin, A. Prone, and C. Massiani, Distribution, movement and plant availability of trace metals in soils amended with sewage sludge composts: application to low metal loadings, Science of The Total Environment, vol.241, issue.1-3, pp.161-179, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00338-1

K. Porter and Y. Feig, The use of DAPI for identifying and counting aquatic microflora1, Limnology and Oceanography, vol.25, issue.5, pp.943-948, 1980.
DOI : 10.4319/lo.1980.25.5.0943

Q. Querejeta, J. Roldan, A. Albaladejo, J. Castillo, and V. , Soil water availability improved by site preparation in a Pinus halepensis afforestation under semiarid climate, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.149, issue.1-3, pp.115-128, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00549-1

P. Quézel, The study of plant grouping in the countries surrounding the mediterranean: some methodological aspects. Ecosystems of the world 11. Mediterranean-type shrublands, DW Goodall & RL Specht), pp.87-94, 1981.

P. Quézel and F. Médail, Ecologie et biogéographie des forêts du bassin méditerranéen Environmental series, 2003.

A. Quispel, Dinitrogen-fixing symbioses with Legumes, Non-Legume Angiosperms and associative symbioses Inorganic Plant Nutrition, Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series, pp.286-329, 1983.

F. Ramade, Dictionnaire encyclopédique de l'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement, 2ème édition, p.1075, 2002.

J. Ranger and M. Turpault, Input???output nutrient budgets as a diagnostic tool for sustainable forest management, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.122, issue.1-2, pp.139-154, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00038-9

M. Rapp, S. Regina, I. Rico, M. Gallego, and H. , Biomass, nutrient content, litterfall and nutrient return to the soil in Mediterranean oak forests, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.119, issue.1-3, pp.39-49, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00508-8

C. Ripert, Utilisation de composts d'ordures ménagères en reboisements méditerranéens, Forêt méditerranéenne, vol.21, issue.3, pp.374-380, 2000.

C. Ripert, Reboisement méditerranéen avec des boues résiduaires urbaines : Essai de Carpiagne (1982-1987), Forêt méditerranéenne, vol.21, issue.3, pp.387-390, 2000.

M. Ros, M. Hernandez, and C. Garcia, Soil microbial activity after restoration of a semiarid soil by organic amendments, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol.35, issue.3, pp.463-469, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0038-0717(02)00298-5

P. Rundel, Leaf structure and nutrition in Mediterranean-climate sclerophylls. Mediterranean-type Ecosystems, Kluwer Academic publishers, pp.157-167, 1988.

S. Saari-nordhaus, R. Jr, and J. , Recent advances in ion chromatography suppressor improve anion separation and detection, Journal of Chromatography A, vol.956, issue.1-2, pp.15-22, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)01515-1

R. Sands, Environmental aspects of plantation management. Nutrition of plantation forests, pp.413-438, 1984.

S. Regina, I. Leonardi, S. Rapp, and M. , Foliar nutrient dynamics and nutrientuse efficiency in Castanea sativa coppice stands of southern Europe, Forestry, vol.74, issue.1, pp.3-10, 2001.

B. Sawhney, G. Bugbee, and D. Stilwell, Heavy Metals Leachability as Affected by pH of Compost-Amended Growth Medium Used in Container-Grown Rhododendrons, Compost Science & Utilization, vol.45, issue.4, pp.64-73, 1995.
DOI : 10.1080/1065657X.1995.10701783

G. Scarascia-mugnozza, H. Oswald, P. Piussi, and K. Radoglou, Forests of the Mediterranean region: gaps in knowledge and research needs, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.132, issue.1, pp.97-109, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00383-2

M. Schallenberg, J. Kalff, and J. Rasmussen, Solutions to problems in enumerating sediment bacteria by direct counts, Applied Environmental Microbiology, vol.55, pp.1214-1219, 1989.

E. Schulze, Flux control at the ecosystem level, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.10, issue.1, pp.40-43, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/S0169-5347(00)88966-1

N. Senesi, Composted materials as organic fertilizers. The Science of the Total Environment, pp.521-542, 1989.

J. Sims and J. Kline, Chemical Fractionation and Plant Uptake of Heavy Metals in Soils Amended with Co-Composted Sewage Sludge, Journal of Environment Quality, vol.20, issue.2, pp.387-395, 1991.
DOI : 10.2134/jeq1991.00472425002000020009x

W. Shi, M. Bischoff, R. Turco, and A. Konopka, Long-term effects of chromium and lead upon the activity of soil microbial communities, Applied Soil Ecology, vol.21, issue.2, pp.169-177, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0929-1393(02)00062-8

T. Stevens, The membrane suppressor: a historical perspective, Journal of Chromatography A, vol.956, issue.1-2, pp.43-46, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0021-9673(02)00142-5

T. Tenhunen, J. Meister, H. Caldwell, M. Lange, and O. , Environmental constraints on productivity of the Mediterranean sclerophyll shrub Quercus coccifera, pp.33-53, 1984.

C. Thirukkumaran and D. Parkinson, Microbial activity, nutrient dynamics and litter decomposition in a Canadian Rocky Mountain pine forest as affected by N and P fertilizers, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.159, issue.3, pp.187-201, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00432-7

G. Tilman, Plant Dominance Along an Experimental Nutrient Gradient, Ecology, vol.65, issue.5, pp.1445-1453, 1984.
DOI : 10.2307/1939125

E. Toutain, Les litières: siège de systèmes interactifs et moteurs de ces interactions, Ecol. Biol. Sol, vol.24, issue.3, pp.231-242, 1987.

L. Trabaud, Dynamics after fire of sclerophyllous plant communities in the mediterranean basin, Ecologia mediterranea XIII, pp.25-38, 1987.

P. Urbas and K. Zobel, Adaptive and inevitable morphological plasticity of three herbaceous species in a multi-species community: field experiment with manipulated nutrients and light, Acta Oecologica, vol.21, issue.2, pp.139-147, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S1146-609X(00)00115-6

V. Van-breemen, N. Finzi, and A. , Plant-soil interactions: ecological aspects and evolutionary implications, Biogeochemistry, vol.42, pp.1-19, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-017-2691-7_1

R. Van-den-driessche, Nutrient storage, retranslocation and relationship of stress to nutrition. Nutrition of plantation forests, pp.181-210, 1984.

J. Vernet, Etude sur l'histoire de la végétation du sud-est de la France au quaternaire, d'après les charbons de bois principalement, Paléobiologie Continentale, vol.4, pp.1-90, 1973.

. Ville-de-marseille, Reforestation du plateau de Carpiagne. Etude d'impact, dossier complémentaire No, 1988.

D. Wardle, G. Barker, K. Bonner, and K. Nicholson, Can comparative approaches based on plant ecophysiological traits predict the nature of biotic interactions and individual plant species effects in ecosystems?, Journal of Ecology, vol.84, issue.3, pp.405-420, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/0167-7012(86)90012-6

D. Wardle, G. Yeates, K. Nicholson, K. Bonner, and R. Watson, Response of soil microbial biomass dynamics, activity and plant litter decomposition to agricultural intensification over a seven-year period, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol.31, issue.12, pp.1707-1720, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0038-0717(99)00090-5

N. Welander and B. Ottosson, The influence of low light, drought and fertilization on transpiration and growth in young seedlings of Quercus robur L., Forest Ecology and Management, vol.127, issue.1-3, pp.139-151, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00126-7

W. Westman, A. Dell, &. Hopkins, and . Lamont, Resilience: concepts and measures. Resilience in Mediterraneantype ecosystems, Dr W Junk Publishers, pp.5-20, 1986.

P. White and A. Jentsch, The Search for Generality in Studies of Disturbance and Ecosystem Dynamics, Progress in Botany, vol.62, pp.399-449, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-56849-7_17

L. Wisniewski and N. Dickinson, Toxicity of copper to Quercus robur (English Oak) seedlings from a copper-rich soil, Environmental and Experimental Botany, vol.50, issue.1, pp.99-107, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0098-8472(03)00005-4

Z. Zahrer, L. Lawrence, and D. , Applying compost: benefits and needs. Seminar proceedings, 22-23 Novembre, pp.1-8, 2001.

J. Zar, Biostatistical analysis, 1984.

R. Zasoski and R. Edmonds, Water quality in relation to sludge and wastewater applications to forest land. The forest alternative for treatment and utilization of municipal and industrial wastes, pp.100-109, 1986.

J. Zwonitzer, G. Pierzynski, and G. Hettiarachi, Effects of phosphorus additions on lead, cadmium, and zinc bioavailabilities in a metal-contaminated soil, Water, Air, and Soil pollution, vol.143, issue.20, p.2207, 2003.

. Qui-semble-avoir-Été-contaminé, Le chauffage des matras apparaît homogène entre les deux blocs. La variabilité maximale de la méthode de minéralisation dans sa globalité (manipulations, minéralisation, dosage)