S. Baccaro, APD properties and recovery from radiation damage, CMS-NOTE, p.30, 1997.

. Musienko, Uniformity measurements across the area of the CMS ECAL Avalanche photodiodes, CMS-NOTE, 2004.

«. Garfield, a drift-chamber simulation program », R. Veenhof, CERN Program Library entry W5050, 1993.

. Fig and . Iii, 83 -Structure d'un module

. Enfin, sur une structure en aluminium, trois modules de 400 cristaux et un module de 500 cristaux sont assemblés pour former un supermodule (figures III

L. Glashow, Partial-symmetries of weak interactions, Nuclear Physics, vol.22, issue.4, p.579, 1961.
DOI : 10.1016/0029-5582(61)90469-2

S. Weinberg, A Model of Leptons, Physical Review Letters, vol.19, issue.21, p.1264, 1961.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.19.1264

H. E. Haber and G. Kane, The search for supersymmetry: Probing physics beyond the standard model, Physics Reports, vol.117, issue.2-4, p.75, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/0370-1573(85)90051-1

«. Cms, the electromagnetic calorimeter project, technical design report », CMS Collaboration, pp.97-130, 1997.

D. Graham and C. Seez, Simulation of longitudinal light collection uniformity in PbWO 4 crystals, pp.96-98, 1996.

. Deiters, Test of the feasibility of pre-calibrating ECAL supermodules with cosmic rays, CMS Internal Note, 2004.

. Litvin, ECAL barrel calibration at LHC startup with ? ? ? ? decays, CMS Internal Note, p.21, 2004.

R. Chipaux, Behaviour of CeF 3 scintillator in a LHC-like environment, CMS TN, pp.94-146

. Auffray, First Results on Large Cerium Fluoride Crystals in A Test Beam, MRS Proceedings, vol.348, 1994.
DOI : 10.1557/PROC-348-117

. Millipore, Filter paper 0.45 µm HAWP00010

. Auffray, Performance of a cerium fluoride crystal matrix measured in high-energy particle beams, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol.378, issue.1-2, pp.171-17895, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0168-9002(96)00223-9
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00002536

. Auffray, Extensive studies on CeF3 crystals, a good candidate for electromagnetic calorimetry at future accelerators, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol.383, issue.2-3, pp.367-39096, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0168-9002(96)00806-6
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00002444

V. G. Baryshevsky, Single crystals of tungsten compounds as promising materials for the total absorption detectors of the e.m. calorimeters, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol.322, issue.2, p.231, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0168-9002(92)90033-Z

R. Chipaux, Study of neutron damage resistance of some scintillating crystals and associated photodetectors with the nuclear reactor ULYSSE, Symposium on scintillator and phosphor materials, 1994.
DOI : 10.1557/PROC-348-481

L. ». and G. Alexeev, Studies of lead tungstate crystal matrices in high energy beams for the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter at the, NIM A, pp.385-425, 1997.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00002417

. Davies, Development of a Uniformisation Procedure for the PbW04 Crystals of the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter, 2001.

. Benhammou, Preliminary light yield measurement of PbWO 4 crystals with fast electronics, CERN CMS TN, pp.95-121

. Benhammou, Beam test results with fast preamplifiers associated to APD readout of PbWO 4 crystals, CERN CMS TN, pp.95-122

. Auffray, Beam tests of lead tungstate crystal matrices and a silicon strip pre-shower detector for the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter, NIM A, vol.2233, issue.2, p.412, 1998.

«. Overview, ». Calorimeter, and J. P. , Ernenwein, on behalf of CMS Collaboration, Proc. Suppl.), pp.186-191, 1999.

D. Barney, G. J. Davies, and C. Note, Longitudinal uniformity scans of PbWO 4 crystals using 120 GeV electrons in H4 beams, pp.96-102

«. The, C. Calorimeter-readout, ». , and F. Martin, on behalf of CMS Collaboration, Nuclear Physics BProc, pp.78-192, 1999.

P. Depasse, Analysis from August 1999 beam tests of a PbWO4 crystal matrix, CERN CMS TN, pp.2000-2009
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00015304

C. Holmes and . Cms, A simulation of the CMS-ECAL 2002 M0-prime Test beam using OSCAR», pp.2003-2031

R. Brunelière, G. Dewhirst, and C. Rn, Energy resolution of the CMS ECAL barrel super_module using MGPA electronics», p.4, 2004.

«. The, M. Calorimeter-readout-chip-for, C. ». , and M. Raymond, 9 th workshop on electronics for LHC experiments, 2003.

A. Converter, ». , and C. S. , A quad 12 bit-40 Ms/s 450mW CMOS

«. Projet and C. , programme de commande du banc de test. », rapport de stage de fin d'études d'IUT de J. Simbola, pp.mai-juin, 1998.

». and F. Cavallari, Relative light yield comparison between laboratory and testbeam data for CMS ECAL PbWO 4 crystals, CMS RN, p.2, 2004.

. En-corrigeant-du-bruit-de-fond, 1) et en renormalisant par rapport à l'activité initiale, nous concluons que le signal Cherenkov produit 1.15 photoélectron (figure IV.2), ce nombre augmentant légèrement avec le nombre de fibres (1.26 pour 4 fibres) Par contre, l'augmentation du nombre de fibres accroît le temps mort de notre acquisition (estimé à 25 % pour 1 fibre, 40 % pour 4 fibres). L'efficacité (nombre de coups enregistrés/nombre de coups produits)

. Fig and . Iv, 10 -Bloc de 16 cristaux placés dans un panier de tyvek/aluminium