G. R. Meredith, V. Krongauz, and D. Williams, Characterization of quasi-crystal structure by optical frequency doubling, Chemical Physics Letters, vol.87, issue.3, p.289, 1982.
DOI : 10.1016/0009-2614(82)83145-X

H. Zollinger, Azo and diazo chemistry -aliphatic and aromatic compounds, 1961.

M. C. Garrigos, F. Reche, M. L. Marin, K. Pernias, and A. Jimenez, Optimization of the extraction of azo colorants used in toy products, Journal of Chromatography A, vol.963, issue.1-2, p.427, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0021-9673(02)00548-4

G. S. Hartley, The Cis-form of Azobenzene, Nature, vol.140, issue.3537, p.281, 1937.
DOI : 10.1038/140281a0

H. Rau, Photochemistry and Photophysics, Boca Raton, FL, 1990.

M. Sato, T. Kinoshita, A. Takizawa, and Y. Tsujita, Photoinduced conformational transition of polypeptides containing azobenzenesulfonate in the side chains, Macromolecules, vol.21, issue.6, p.1612, 1988.
DOI : 10.1021/ma00184a014

P. Astrand, P. S. Ramanujam, S. Hvilsted, K. L. Bak, and S. P. Sauer, Ab Initio Calculation of the Electronic Spectrum of Azobenzene Dyes and Its Impact on the Design of Optical Data Storage Materials, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.122, issue.14, p.3482, 2000.
DOI : 10.1021/ja993154r

T. Nägele, R. Hoche, W. Zinth, S. Wachtveitl, and E. Fischer, Femtosecond photoisomerization of cis-azobenzene, Chemical Physics Letters, vol.272, issue.5-6, pp.489-495, 1962.
DOI : 10.1016/S0009-2614(97)00531-9

B. Marcandalli, A. Seves, E. Dubini-paglia, and P. L. Beltrame, Photochemical trans-cis isomerization of some 4-diethylaminoazobenzenes, Dyes and Pigments, vol.14, issue.2, pp.79-126, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0143-7208(90)87008-Q

Y. Hirose, H. Yui, and T. Sawada, Effect of Potential Energy Gap between the n-??* and the ??-??* State on Ultrafast Photoisomerization Dynamics of an Azobenzene Derivative, The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, vol.106, issue.13, pp.3067-3071, 2002.
DOI : 10.1021/jp0138375

T. Asano and T. Okada, Thermal Z-E isomerization of azobenzenes. The pressure, solvent, and substituent effects, The Journal of Organic Chemistry, vol.49, issue.23, pp.4387-50, 1984.
DOI : 10.1021/jo00197a011

S. Xie, A. Natansohn, and P. Rochon, Recent developments in aromatic azo polymers research, Chemistry of Materials, vol.5, issue.4, pp.403-411, 1993.
DOI : 10.1021/cm00028a003

M. Eich and . Wendorff, Rapid Commun, Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Rapid Communications, vol.8, issue.1, pp.59-66, 1987.
DOI : 10.1002/marc.1987.030080111

M. Eich, B. Reck, D. Yoon, C. Willson, and G. Bjorklund, Novel second???order nonlinear optical polymers via chemical cross???linking???induced vitrification under electric field, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.66, issue.7, pp.3241-76, 1989.
DOI : 10.1063/1.344115

H. Xie, Z. Liu, X. Huang, J. Guo, Z. Zhang et al., 78 Pan Polymer surface modification and characterization, Eur. Polym. J, vol.37, issue.13, pp.4142-4149, 1994.

F. Poncin-epaillard, J. Beunet, A. Bulou, and J. Bardeau, Synthesis of a new polymer surface bearing grafted azo polymer chains, Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, vol.15, issue.18, p.3052, 2001.
DOI : 10.1002/pola.1286

J. R. Rasmussen, D. E. Bergbreiter, G. M. Whitesides, S. Tasaka, and K. Hibi, Location and mobility of functional groups at the surface of oxidized, low-density polyethylene film, 14 Inagaki, pp.4746-1425, 1977.
DOI : 10.1021/ja00456a036

N. Médard, J. Soutif, F. Poncin-epaillard, N. Langmuir-médard, J. Soutif et al., Polymer surface modification and characterization, Surf. Coat. Tech, vol.18, issue.20, 1994.

H. Rau, Photochemistry and Photophysics, pp.119-143, 1990.

H. J. Rau and . Photochem, 26 terminology, I. C. o. c, J. Phys. Chem, vol.66, issue.100, pp.1129-7558, 1984.

G. 32-beamson and D. Briggs, High Resolution XPS of Organic Polymers -The Scienta ESCA300 Database, 1992.

J. R. Rasmussen, E. R. Stedronsky, G. M. Whitesides, S. R. Holmes-farley, R. H. Reamey et al., Introduction, modification, and characterization of functional groups on the surface of low-density polyethylene film, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.99, issue.14, pp.4736-725, 1977.
DOI : 10.1021/ja00456a035

V. B. Ivanov, J. Behnish, A. Holländer, F. Mehdorn, and H. Zimmermann, Determination of Functional Groups on Polymer Surfaces Using FluorescenceLabelling, Surface and Interface Analysis, vol.32, issue.4, pp.257-262, 1996.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9918(199604)24:4<257::AID-SIA107>3.0.CO;2-1

D. F. Anghel, J. L. Toca-herrera, F. M. Winnik, and W. Rettig, Steady-State Fluorescence Investigation of Pyrene-Labeled Poly(Acrylic Acid)s in Aqueous Solution and in the Presence of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate, Langmuir, vol.18, issue.14, p.5600, 2002.
DOI : 10.1021/la011827p

E. A. Mcarthur, T. Ye, J. P. Cross, S. Petoud, and E. Borguet, Fluorescence Detection of Surface-Bound Intermediates Produced from UV Photoreactivity of Alkylsiloxane SAMs, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.126, issue.8, pp.2260-2261, 2004.
DOI : 10.1021/ja038062n

H. 39-kuhn, D. Mobius, H. Bucher, R. L. Osato, and . Jacs, Techniques of Chemistry, 40 Vaughan, pp.73-5553, 1951.

J. R. Vaughan and R. L. Osato, The Preparation of Peptides Using Mixed Carbonic???Carboxylic Acid Anhydrides, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.74, issue.3, p.676, 1952.
DOI : 10.1021/ja01123a028

G. Socrates, B. Abraham, and S. Umapathy, Infrared characteristic group frequencies, Biswas, N J. Phys. Chem. A, vol.106, p.9397, 1980.

K. 47-tawa, N. Zettsu, K. Minematsu, K. Ohta, A. Namba et al., Photoinduced reorientation of azo-dyes covalently linked to a styrene copolymer in bulk state, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, vol.143, issue.1, p.31, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S1010-6030(01)00475-0

Y. Shi, W. H. Steier, L. Yu, M. Chen, and L. R. Dalton, Large stable photoinduced refractive index change in a nonlinear optical polyester polymer with disperse red side groups, Applied Physics Letters, vol.58, issue.11, pp.1131-1133, 1991.
DOI : 10.1063/1.104393

R. N. Wenzel, RESISTANCE OF SOLID SURFACES TO WETTING BY WATER, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, vol.28, issue.8, p.988, 1936.
DOI : 10.1021/ie50320a024

K. Sokrates and T. Pantelides, The Physics of SiO 2 and its Interfaces, 1978.

A. Ulman, Formation and Structure of Self-Assembled Monolayers, Chemical Reviews, vol.96, issue.4, pp.1533-1554, 1996.
DOI : 10.1021/cr9502357

Y. 11-duvault, A. Gagnaire, F. Gardies, and N. Jaffrezic-renault, Physicochemical characterization of covalently bonded alkyl monolayers on silica surfaces, Thin Solid Films, vol.185, issue.1, pp.169-179, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0040-6090(90)90016-7

D. Riehl, F. Chaput, Y. Lévy, J. Boilot, F. Kajzar et al., Second-order optical nonlinearities of azo chromophores covalently attached to a sol-gel matrix, Chemical Physics Letters, vol.245, issue.1, pp.36-40, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0009-2614(95)00990-L

B. 15-mouanda, P. Viel, and C. Blanche, Surface characterization of a potential photoactive LC coupling agent, Thin Solid Films, vol.323, issue.1-2, pp.42-52, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0040-6090(97)01040-7

F. Hamelmann, U. Heinzmann, U. Siemeling, and F. Bretthauer, Light-stimulated switching of azobenzene-containing self-assembled monolayers, Applied Surface Science, vol.222, issue.1-4, pp.1-5, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.apsusc.2003.08.006

R. G. Snyder, S. L. Hsu, and S. Krimm, Vibrational spectra in the C???H stretching region and the structure of the polymethylene chain, Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular Spectroscopy, vol.34, issue.4, pp.395-406, 1977.
DOI : 10.1016/0584-8539(78)80167-6

R. Maoz and J. J. Sagiv, On the formation and structure of self-assembling monolayers. I. A comparative atr-wettability study of Langmuir???Blodgett and adsorbed films on flat substrates and glass microbeads, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol.100, issue.2, pp.465-496, 1983.
DOI : 10.1016/0021-9797(84)90452-1

A. Baptiste, A. Gibaud, J. F. Bardeau, K. Wen, R. Maoz et al., X-ray, Micro-Raman, and Infrared Spectroscopy Structural Characterization of Self-Assembled Multilayer Silane Films with Variable Numbers of Stacked Layers, Langmuir, vol.18, issue.10, pp.3916-3922, 2002.
DOI : 10.1021/la015572r

M. Tabe, UV ozone cleaning of silicon substrates in silicon molecular beam epitaxy, Applied Physics Letters, vol.45, issue.10, pp.1073-1075, 1984.
DOI : 10.1063/1.95019

Z. Zhou, E. S. Aydil, R. A. Gottscho, Y. J. Chabal, and R. J. Reif, Real-Time, In Situ Monitoring of Room-Temperature Silicon Surface Cleaning Using Hydrogen and Ammonia Plasmas, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, vol.140, issue.11, pp.3316-3321, 1993.
DOI : 10.1149/1.2221029

J. J. 30-cras and C. A. Rowe-taitt, Comparison of chemical cleaning methods of glass in preparation for silanization, Biosensors and Bioelectronics, vol.14, issue.8-9, pp.683-688, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0956-5663(99)00043-3

J. Vig and W. Kern, Handbook of semiconductor wafer cleaning technology, 32 Vig, pp.150-154, 1027.

S. 36-takeda and M. Fukawa, Surface OH groups governing surface chemical properties of SiO2 thin films deposited by RF magnetron sputtering, Thin Solid Films, vol.444, issue.1-2, pp.153-157, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0040-6090(03)01094-0

N. Tillman, A. Ulman, J. S. Schildkraut, and T. L. Penner, Incorporation of phenoxy groups in self-assembled monolayers of trichlorosilane derivatives. Effects on film thickness, wettability, and molecular orientation, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.110, issue.18, pp.6136-6144, 1988.
DOI : 10.1021/ja00226a031

S. Choi and B. Newby, Micrometer-Scaled Gradient Surfaces Generated Using Contact Printing of Octadecyltrichlorosilane, Langmuir, vol.19, issue.18, pp.7427-7435, 2003.
DOI : 10.1021/la035027l

S. R. Wasserman, G. M. Whitesides, I. M. Tidswell, B. M. Ocko, P. S. Pershan et al., The structure of self-assembled monolayers of alkylsiloxanes on silicon: a comparison of results from ellipsometry and low-angle x-ray reflectivity, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.111, issue.15, pp.5852-5861, 1989.
DOI : 10.1021/ja00197a054

T. L. Kuhl, J. Majewski, J. Y. Wong, S. Steinberg, D. E. Leckband et al., A Neutron Reflectivity Study of Polymer-Modified Phospholipid Monolayers at the Solid-Solution Interface: Polyethylene Glycol-Lipids on Silane-Modified Substrates, Biophysical Journal, vol.75, issue.5, pp.2352-2362, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-3495(98)77679-9

E. A. Mcarthur, T. Ye, J. P. Cross, S. Petoud, and E. Borguet, Fluorescence Detection of Surface-Bound Intermediates Produced from UV Photoreactivity of Alkylsiloxane SAMs, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.126, issue.8, pp.2260-2261, 2004.
DOI : 10.1021/ja038062n

C. Chan, Polymer surface modification and characterization; Hanser: Munich; Vienna, p.211, 1994.

J. Liao, M. Wang, C. Weng, R. Klauser, S. Frey et al., Modification of Alkanethiolate Self-Assembled Monolayers by Free Radical-Dominant Plasma, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol.106, issue.1, pp.77-84, 2002.
DOI : 10.1021/jp011119c

C. D. Bain, E. B. Troughton, Y. Tao, J. Evall, G. M. Whitesides et al., Formation of monolayer films by the spontaneous assembly of organic thiols from solution onto gold, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.111, issue.1, pp.321-56, 1989.
DOI : 10.1021/ja00183a049

G. 59-beamson and D. Briggs, High Resolution XPS of Organic Polymers -The Scienta ESCA300 Database, Bull.Chem.Soc.Jpn, vol.74, pp.1397-1401, 1992.

M. E. Van-der-boom, A. G. Richter, J. E. Malinsky, P. A. Lee, N. R. Armstrong et al., Single Reactor Route to Polar Superlattices. Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly of Large-Response Molecular Electrooptic Materials by Protection???Deprotection, Chemistry of Materials, vol.13, issue.1, pp.15-17, 2001.
DOI : 10.1021/cm000746w

P. 64-hesemann and J. J. Moreau, Novel silica-based hybrid materials incorporating binaphthyl units: a chiral matrix effect in heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, vol.11, issue.10, pp.2183-2194, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0957-4166(00)00161-0

H. Rau, Photochemistry and Photophysics, pp.119-143, 1990.

G. Socrates, C. D. Wagner, W. M. Riggs, L. E. Davis, and J. Moulder, Infrared characteristic group frequencies Handbook of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Perking-Elmer Corporation, Physical Electronics Division, Muzikante, I.; Karageorgiev, P.; Brehmer, L. Materials Science and Engineering C, pp.8-9, 1979.

A. 69-natanshon, P. Rochon, M. Ho, C. Barrett, and . Macromolecules, 70 Gordon, A.; Ford, R. The Chemist's Companion, Moineau, J.; Granier, M, vol.28, issue.20, pp.4179-3202, 1972.

G. 14-evmenenko, M. E. Van-der-boom, J. Kmetko, S. W. Dugan, T. J. Marks et al., Specular x-ray reflectivity study of ordering in self-assembled organic and hybrid organic???inorganic electro-optic multilayer films, The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.115, issue.14, pp.6722-6727, 2001.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1398576

F. 18-hamelmann, U. Heinzmann, U. Siemeling, and F. Bretthauer, Light-stimulated switching of azobenzene-containing self-assembled monolayers, Applied Surface Science, vol.222, issue.1-4, pp.1-5, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.apsusc.2003.08.006

K. 21-ichimura, Y. Suzuki, T. Seki, A. Hosoki, and K. Aoki, Reversible change in alignment mode of nematic liquid crystals regulated photochemically by command surfaces modified with an azobenzene monolayer, Langmuir, vol.4, issue.5, pp.1214-1216, 1988.
DOI : 10.1021/la00083a030

K. 24-ishihara, N. Hamada, S. Kato, and I. Shinohara, Photo-induced change in surface free energy of azoaromatic polymers, Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition, vol.21, issue.5, p.1551, 1983.
DOI : 10.1002/pol.1983.170210527

D. K. Hore, A. Natanshon, and P. Rochon, Polymer surface modification and characterization, J. Phys. Chem. B, vol.107, issue.19, pp.31-1249, 1994.

L. Labarthet, F. Bruneel, J. L. Rodriguez, V. Sourisseau, and C. , Chromophore Orientations upon Irradiation in Gratings Inscribed on Azo-Dye Polymer Films: A Combined AFM and Confocal Raman Microscopic Study, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol.108, issue.22, pp.6949-6960, 2003.
DOI : 10.1021/jp030902x

C. Sanchez, R. Alcala, S. Hvilsted, and P. S. Ramanujam, Biphotonic holographic gratings in azobenzene polyesters: Surface relief phenomena and polarization effects, Applied Physics Letters, vol.77, issue.10, pp.1440-1442, 2000.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1290604

. Partie-expérimentale-un, Laser Hélium-Cadmium MellesGriot Series 74 refroidi à l'air délivrant au choix une longueur d'onde dans le domaine ultraviolet (325 nm) d'une puissance de 0,33 W.cm -2 et une longueur d'onde dans le bleu (442 nm), pp.86-88

A. W. Adamson, Physical chemistry of surfaces -5th edition, 1990.

G. 10-beamson and D. Briggs, High Resolution XPS of Organic Polymers -The Scienta ESCA300 Database, Mouanda, B.; Viel, P.; Blanche, C. Thin Solid Films, vol.323, issue.11, pp.42-52, 1992.

J. A. Delaire and K. Nakatani, Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Photochromic Molecules and Materials, Chemical Reviews, vol.100, issue.5, pp.1817-1818, 2000.
DOI : 10.1021/cr980078m

R. S. Cataliotti, S. M. Murgia, G. Paliani, A. Poletti, and M. Zgierski, Resonance Raman scattering in dyes derived from azobenzene, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, vol.65, issue.4, p.251, 1985.
DOI : 10.1002/jrs.1250160407

R. S. Cataliotti, S. M. Murgia, G. Paliani, A. Poletti, and M. Zgierski, The analysis of unresolved Raman excitation profiles. 2-Totally Symmetric Fundamentals and Overtones of Some Azo Dyes, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, vol.4, issue.4, p.258, 1985.
DOI : 10.1002/jrs.1250160408

R. P. Rava, Deconvoluting the visible absorption spectrum of methyl orange using inverse Raman transform techniques, The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.87, issue.7, p.3758, 1987.
DOI : 10.1063/1.452931

?. Zaman, A. A. Delorme, and N. , Effect of polymer bridging on rheological properties of dispersions of charged silica particles in the presence of low-molecular-weight physically adsorbed poly(ethylene oxide), World Congress on Particle Technology, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s00397-001-0215-x

?. Zaman, A. A. Delorme, and N. , Original contribution: Effect of polymer bridging on rheological properties of dispersions of charged silica particles in the presence of lowmolecular-weight physically adsorbed poly(ethylene oxide), Rheologica Acta, vol.5, pp.41-408, 2002.

?. Delorme, N. Bardeau, J. Debarnot-nicolas, D. Bulou, A. Poncin-epaillard et al., New Route for the Elaboration of Polyolefin Surfaces Bearing Azo Molecules, Langmuir, vol.19, issue.13, pp.19-5318, 2003.
DOI : 10.1021/la026926x

?. Delorme, N. Bardeau, J. Poncin-epaillard, F. Bulou, and A. , Plasma functionnalization of an octadecyltrichlorosilane self-assembled monolayer

?. Delorme, N. Bardeau, J. Poncin-epaillard, F. Bulou, and A. , Azobenzene containing monolayer with photo-switchable wettability
DOI : 10.1021/la051517x