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C'est un métal de transition du groupe IIB connu depuis l'antiquité. Il est relativement abondant (120g/tonne d'écorce terrestre), blanc-bleuâtre, de symétrie hexagonale, peu malléable, pour ne pas dire cassant à température ordinaire. Il devient malléable à température élevée. On le trouve dans la nature à l'état de sulfure : la blende ZnS appelée aussi sphalérite (qui a donné son nom à la structure cubique par opposition à la structure hexagonale)? Le zinc est très largement utilisé, que ce soit pour faire du laiton (alliage zinc-cuivre) mais aussi dans certains bronzes ,
la charge Zn doit être dégraissée (bains successifs avec ultra-sons : trichlo. chaud, trichlo. froid, acétone, méthanol ) et attaquée (bain dans un mélange bouillant acide nitrique/méthanol jusqu'à ce que la charge prenne un bel aspect brillant ,
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en plus de celui d'un faisceau laser de quelques Watts. ? Laser 'Titane-Saphir' en mode impulsionnel doublé ,
le 'titane-saphir' est un laser à milieu amplificateur solide : un cristal de saphir (d'alumine donc, Al 2 O 3 ?tout comme le rubis d'ailleurs?), dopé par des ions de titane : Ti 3+ , d'où son abréviation correcte de saphir ,
le laser délivre une impulsion toutes les 13 ns ; ce taux de répétition de 76 MHz correspond à un aller-retour dans la cavité laser longue d'environ deux mètres (3.10 8 /2² = 75.10 6 ) Un cristal doubleur KDP** permet ensuite de récupérer des photons d'énergie suffisante pour exciter nos matériaux dans leurs barrières : à environ 3, eV donc (N.B. pour les nitrures, il faut même tripler l'énergie du saphir:Ti) ,
cristal non centro-symétrique (-42m) au sein duquel deux photons d'énergie E se couplent pour n'en donner plus qu'un d'énergie 2E ! N.B. Cet effet non linéaire de l'optique ondulatoire qu'est la génération de seconde harmonique ,