du fait de l'excitationàexcitation`excitationà deux photons, l'interrogation est néanmoins sensiblè a l'effet Doppler relativiste Le modèle montre que la distribution n'est pas purement maxwellienne Les atomes lents sont en partié ejectés par collision avec les atomes les plus rapides (effet Zacharias) Par ailleurs, d'autres atomes sont perdus par collision avec les gaz résiduels présents dans l'enceintè a vide La figure 5.5 montre un bon accord entre la modélisation de la distribution des vitesses (lignes continues) et les points expérimentaux. L'exploitation de l'ensemble des données m` enè a la fréquence f, avec une incertitude statistique de 36 Hz. Le modèle numérique donne une incertitude de 20 Hz [59], traduisant le déplacement Stark dynamique et l'effet Doppler du second ordre. La valeur de la fréquence tient aussi compte des autres déplacements de fréquence majeurs : le déplacement dû au rayonnement du corps noir (? =1 Hz), l'effet Stark statique (? =5 Hz), l'effet de la pression de gaz résiduels (? =10 Hz) et l'effet de recul (? =10 Hz). La fréquence de transition 1S ? 2S s'obtient enfin en ,
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