J. Astola and Y. Neuvo, Optimal median type filters for exponential noise distributions, AT00] M. Alghoniemy and A.H. Tewfik. User-defined music sequence retrieval, pp.95-104, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0165-1684(89)90013-3

[. Bagshaw, Automatic Prosodic Analysis for Computer Aided Pronunciation Teaching, 1994.

D. [. Blackburn and . Deroure, Musical Part Classification in Content Based Systems, 6th Open Hypermedia Systems Workshop, pp.66-76, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-39941-0_9

. Qdp, Query by pitch dynamics, indexing tonal music by content, Course Project, pp.15-829, 1997.

[. Blackburn, Content based retrieval and navigation of music, 1999.

C. [. Baeza-yates and . Perleberg, Fast and practical approximate string matching, Proc. of the Fourth ACM Conference on Digital Libraries Combinatorial Pattern Matching, 3rd Annual Symp, pp.161-169, 1992.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-56024-6_15
URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.53.6412

C. C. James, A. L. Chen, and . Chen, Query by rhythm : An approach for song retrieval in music databases

L. P. Arbee, M. Chen, J. Chang, J. Chen, C. Hsu et al., Query bu music segments : an efficient apporach for song retrieval

M. Carré and P. Philippe, Indexation audio : un état de l'art, Annales des Télécommunications, vol.55, pp.9-10507, 2000.

[. Carré, P. Philippe, and C. Apélian, New query-by-humming music retrieval system conception and evaluation based on a query nature study, DAFx01, Digital Audio Effects, pp.227-231, 2001.

I. [. Coyle and . Shmulevich, A system for machine recognition of music patterns, Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, ICASSP '98 (Cat. No.98CH36181), pp.3597-3600, 1998.
DOI : 10.1109/ICASSP.1998.679656

W. Chai and B. Vercoe, Using models in music information retrieval systems

]. S. Dix00 and . Dixon, A lightweight multi-agent musical beat tracking system

M. [. Stephen-downie and . Nelson, Evaluation of a simple and effective music information retrieval method, Proc. SIGIR2000, pp.73-80, 2000.

]. W. Dow78 and . Dowling, Scale and contour : Two components of a theory of memory for melodies, Psychological review, vol.85, pp.341-354, 1978.

A. Eronen and A. Klapuri, Musical instrument recognition using cepstral coefficients and temporal features, 2000 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing. Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37100), pp.753-756, 2000.
DOI : 10.1109/ICASSP.2000.859069
URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.124.1497

[. Foote, A similarity measure for automatic audio classification

[. Foote, An overview of audio information retrieval, Multimedia Systems, vol.7, issue.1, pp.2-10, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/s005300050106

[. Foote, Automatic audio segmentation using a measure of audio novelty, 2000 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo. ICME2000. Proceedings. Latest Advances in the Fast Changing World of Multimedia (Cat. No.00TH8532), pp.452-455, 2000.
DOI : 10.1109/ICME.2000.869637

A. Ghias, J. Logan, D. Chamberlin, and B. C. Smith, Query by humming, Proceedings of the third ACM international conference on Multimedia , MULTIMEDIA '95, pp.231-236, 1995.
DOI : 10.1145/217279.215273

]. W. Hes83 and . Hess, Pitch determination of speech signals. Algorithms and Devices, 1983.

C. [. Hsu, L. P. Liu, W. Chen-kim, and . Chai, Discovering nontrivial repeating patterns in music data Analysis of a contour-based representation for melody, IEEE Transaction on Multimedia, vol.3, issue.3, pp.311-325, 2000.

]. A. Kla98 and . Klapuri, Automatic transcription of music, 1998.

K. [. Kageyama, Y. Mochizuki, and . Takashima, Melody retrieval with humming Cognitive Foundations of Musical Pitch, Proc. ICMC'93, pp.349-351, 1990.

[. Lee and A. L. Chen, Efficient multi-feature index structures for music data retrieval

[. Liu, J. Hsu, and A. L. Chen, Efficient theme and non-trivial repeating pattern discovering in databases, ICDE'99, Proc. 15th Int.Conf. on Data Engineering, pp.14-21, 1999.

A. Lemström, E. Haapaniemi, and . Ukkonen, Retrieving music -to index or not to index

S. Z. Li00 and . Li, Content-based audio classification and retrieval using the nearest feature line me- thod, Proc. ACM Multimedia Conf, pp.64-66, 1998.

]. A. Lin96 and . Lindsay, Using contour as a mid-level representation of melody, 1996.

P. Lemström and . Laine, Musical information retrieval using musical parameters, Proc. ICMC98, pp.341-348, 1998.

[. Lyon, J. Maslin, and B. Baker, Audio and video on-demand for the performing arts

]. K. Mar96 and . Martin, A blackboard system for automatic transcription of simple polyphonic music, 1996.

M. José and . Martinez, Overview of the mpeg-7 standard (version 6.0), 2001.

M. Mongeau and D. Sankoff, Comparison of musical sequences, Computers and the Humanities, vol.15, issue.3, pp.161-175, 1990.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00117340
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01098807

R. J. Mcnab, L. A. Smith, I. H. Witten, and C. L. Henderson, Tune retrieval in the multimedia library. Multimedia Tools and Applications, pp.113-132, 2000.

E. [. Medan, D. Yair, and . Chazan, Super resolution pitch determination of speech signals, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol.39, issue.1, pp.40-48, 1991.
DOI : 10.1109/78.80763

]. P. Nol67 and . Noll, Cepstrum pitch determination, JASA, vol.41, issue.2, pp.293-309, 1967.

D. Pye, N. J. Hollinghurst, T. J. Mills, and K. R. Wood, Audio-visual segmentation for content-based retrieval, 5th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP'98, 1998.

C. Papaodysseus, G. Roussopoulos, D. Fragoulis, T. Panagopoulos, and C. Alexiou, A new approach to the autimatic recognition of musical recordings

S. [. Pikrakis, D. Theodoridis, and . Kamarotos, Recognition of isolated musical patterns using discrete observation hidden markov models, IX EUropean SIgnal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO'98), pp.2357-2360, 1998.

. Ptvf, . Press, . Teukolsky, and F. Vetterling, Numerical Recipies in C

A. [. Quackenbush and . Lindsay, Overview of MPEG-7 audio, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol.11, issue.6, pp.725-729, 2001.
DOI : 10.1109/76.927430

]. S. Qua00 and . Quackenbush, Audio subgroup report for the 54th mpeg meeting, 2000.

]. Rol99 and . Rolland, Discovering patterns in musical sequences, Journal of New Music Research, vol.28, pp.334-350, 1999.

[. Saunders, Real-time discrimination of broadcast speech/music, 1996 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing Conference Proceedings
DOI : 10.1109/ICASSP.1996.543290

[. Sonoda, M. Goto, and Y. Muraoka, A WWW-based melody retrieval system, Proc. ICMC98, pp.349-352, 1998.
DOI : 10.1002/ecjb.10073

K. [. Salosaari and . Jarvelin, Musir -a retrieval model for music, 1998.

M. [. Salton and . Mcgill, Introduction into Modern Information Retrieval, 1983.

M. [. Scheirer and . Slaney, Construction and evaluation of a robust multifeature speech/music discriminator, 1997 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, pp.1331-1334, 1997.
DOI : 10.1109/ICASSP.1997.596192

W. Stephen, L. D. Smoliar, and . Wilcox, Indexing the content of multimedia documents

]. Y. Tse99 and . Tseng, Content-based retrieval for music collections

C. [. Tang, B. Yip, and . Kao, Selection of melody lines for music databases, Proceedings 24th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference. COMPSAC2000
DOI : 10.1109/CMPSAC.2000.884725

J. [. Uitdenbogerd and . Zobel, Manipulation of music for melodic matching

J. [. Uitdenbogerd and . Zobel, Melodic matching techniques for large music databases, Proceedings of the seventh ACM international conference on Multimedia (Part 1) , MULTIMEDIA '99
DOI : 10.1145/319463.319470

[. Wold, T. Blum, D. Keislar, and J. Wheaton, Classification, search, and retrieval of audio, CRC Handbook of Multimedia Computing, 1999.

C. [. Zhang and . Kuo, Content-based classification and retrieval of audio

C. [. Zhang and . Kuo, Heuristic approach for generic audio data segmentation and annotation, Proceedings of the seventh ACM international conference on Multimedia (Part 1) , MULTIMEDIA '99
DOI : 10.1145/319463.319471

[. Zhang and C. Kuo, Audio content analysis for online audiovisual data segmentation and classification, IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, vol.9, issue.4, 2001.
DOI : 10.1109/89.917689

B. Les-figures, 1 et B.2 permettent de comparer les profils temps