. Modugno, A to be published. 12 U. Schünemann et al, 13 F. van Abeelen, B. Verhaar, and A. Moerdijk, 1997.

F. Schreck, Sympathetic cooling of bosonic and fermionic lithium gases towards quantum degeneracy, Physical Review A, vol.64, issue.1, pp.11402-011402
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.64.011402
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00002553

F. Dalfovo, Theory of Bose-Einstein condensation in trapped gases, Reviews of Modern Physics, vol.71, issue.3, p.463, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/RevModPhys.71.463

B. Demarco and D. S. Jin, Onset of Fermi Degeneracy in a Trapped Atomic Gas, Science, vol.285, issue.5434, p.1703, 1999.
DOI : 10.1126/science.285.5434.1703

F. Schreck, Sympathetic cooling of bosonic and fermionic lithium gases towards quantum degeneracy, Physical Review A, vol.64, issue.1, p.11402, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.64.011402
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00002553

A. G. Truscott, Observation of Fermi Pressure in a Gas of Trapped Atoms, Science, vol.291, issue.5513, p.2570, 2001.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1059318

C. Ebner and D. O. Edwards, The low temperature thermodynamic properties of superfluid solutions of 3He in 4He, Physics Reports, vol.2, issue.2, p.77, 1970.
DOI : 10.1016/0370-1573(71)90003-2

K. Mølmer, Bose Condensates and Fermi Gases at Zero Temperature, Physical Review Letters, vol.80, issue.9, p.1804, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.1804

E. Timmermans and R. Côté, Superfluidity in Sympathetic Cooling with Atomic Bose-Einstein Condensates, Physical Review Letters, vol.80, issue.16, p.3419, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.3419

C. C. Bradley, C. A. Sackett, and R. G. Hulet, Bose-Einstein Condensation of Lithium: Observation of Limited Condensate Number, Physical Review Letters, vol.78, issue.6, p.985, 1997.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.985

M. Mewes, Simultaneous magneto-optical trapping of two lithium isotopes, Physical Review A, vol.61, issue.1, p.11403, 2000.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.61.011403

D. A. Butts and D. S. Rokhsar, Trapped Fermi gases, Physical Review A, vol.55, issue.6, p.4346, 1997.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.55.4346

B. De-marco and D. S. Jin, Exploring a quantum degenerate gas of fermionic atoms, Physical Review A, vol.58, issue.6, p.4267, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.58.R4267

F. A. Van-abeelen, B. J. Verhaar, and A. J. Moerdijk, atoms, Physical Review A, vol.55, issue.6, p.4377, 1997.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.55.4377

G. Ferrari, Collisional relaxation in a fermionic gas, Physical Review A, vol.59, issue.6, p.4125, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.59.R4125
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006145

B. Demarco, S. B. Papp, and D. S. Jin, Pauli Blocking of Collisions in a Quantum Degenerate Atomic Fermi Gas, Physical Review Letters, vol.86, issue.24, p.5409, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.5409

D. S. Petrov, G. V. Shlyapnikov, and J. T. Walraven, Regimes of Quantum Degeneracy in Trapped 1D Gases, Physical Review Letters, vol.85, issue.18, p.3745, 2000.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.3745

A. P. Chikkatur, Suppression and Enhancement of Impurity Scattering in a Bose-Einstein Condensate, Physical Review Letters, vol.85, issue.3, p.483, 2000.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.483

J. L. Roberts, Controlled Collapse of a Bose-Einstein Condensate, Physical Review Letters, vol.86, issue.19, p.4211, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.4211

]. S. Bose, Plancks Gesetz und Lichtquantenhypothese, Zeitschrift f???r Physik, vol.26, issue.1, p.178, 1924.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01327326

A. Einstein, Quantentheorie des einatomigen idealen Gases, Kgl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss, p.261, 1924.
DOI : 10.1002/3527608958.ch27

A. Einstein, Quantentheorie des einatomigen idealen Gases, Zweite Abhandlung . Sitzungsberg. Kgl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss, issue.3, 1925.
DOI : 10.1002/3527608958.ch27

V. Bagnato, D. E. Pritchard, and D. Klepner, Bose-Einstein condensation in an external potential, Physical Review A, vol.35, issue.10, p.4354, 1987.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.35.4354

C. Ebner and D. O. Edwards, The low temperature thermodynamic properties of superfluid solutions of 3He in 4He, Physics Reports, vol.2, issue.2, p.77, 1970.
DOI : 10.1016/0370-1573(71)90003-2

P. G. De-gennes, Superconductivity of Metals and Alloys, 1989.

M. H. Anderson, J. R. Ensher, M. R. Matthews, C. E. Wieman, and E. A. Cornell, Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor, Science, vol.269, issue.5221, p.198, 1995.
DOI : 10.1126/science.269.5221.198

K. B. Davis, M. Mewes, M. R. Andrews, N. J. Van-druten, D. S. Durfee et al., Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Gas of Sodium Atoms, EQEC 96 1996 European Quantum Electronic Conference EQEC-96, p.3969, 1995.
DOI : 10.1109/EQEC.1996.561567

E. P. Gross, Structure of a quantized vortex in boson systems, Il Nuovo Cimento, vol.8, issue.3, p.454, 1961.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02731494

J. M. Gerton, D. Strekalov, I. Prodan, and R. G. Hulet, Direct observation of growth and collapse of a Bose-Einstein condensate with attractive interactions, Technical Digest. Summaries of papers presented at the Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference. Postconference Technical Digest (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37172), p.692, 2000.
DOI : 10.1109/QELS.2001.962162

J. L. Roberts, N. R. Claussen, S. L. Cornish, E. A. Donley, E. A. Cornell et al., Controlled Collapse of a Bose-Einstein Condensate, Physical Review Letters, vol.86, issue.19, p.4211, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.4211

J. R. Ensher, D. S. Jin, M. R. Matthews, C. E. Wieman, and E. A. Cornell, Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Gas: Measurement of Energy and Ground-State Occupation, Physical Review Letters, vol.77, issue.25, p.4984, 1996.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.4984

Y. Castin and R. Dum, Bose-Einstein Condensates in Time Dependent Traps, Physical Review Letters, vol.77, issue.27, p.5315, 1996.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.5315

M. R. Andrews, C. G. Townsend, H. Miesner, D. S. Durfee, D. M. Kurn et al., Observation of Interference Between Two Bose Condensates, Science, vol.275, issue.5300, pp.275-637, 1997.
DOI : 10.1126/science.275.5300.637

M. Mewes, M. R. Andrews, D. M. Kurn, D. S. Durfee, C. G. Townsend et al., Output Coupler for Bose-Einstein Condensed Atoms, Physical Review Letters, vol.78, issue.4, p.582, 1997.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.582

I. Bloch, T. W. Hänsch, and T. Esslinger, Atom Laser with a cw Output Coupler, Physical Review Letters, vol.82, issue.15, p.3008, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.3008

M. Mewes, M. R. Andrews, N. J. Van-druten, D. M. Kurn, D. S. Durfee et al., Collective Excitations of a Bose-Einstein Condensate in a Magnetic Trap, Physical Review Letters, vol.77, issue.6, p.988, 1996.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.988

O. M. Maragò, S. A. Hopkins, J. Arlt, E. Hodby, G. Hechenblaikner et al., Observation of the Scissors Mode and Evidence for Superfluidity of a Trapped Bose-Einstein Condensed Gas, Physical Review Letters, vol.84, issue.10, p.2056, 2000.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.2056

L. Deng, E. W. Hagley, J. Denschlag, J. E. Simsarian, M. Edwards et al., Temporal, Matter-Wave-Dispersion Talbot Effect, Physical Review Letters, vol.83, issue.26, p.5407, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.5407

S. Inouye, R. F. Löw, S. Gupta, T. Pfau, A. Görlitz et al., Amplification of Light and Atoms in a Bose-Einstein Condensate, Physical Review Letters, vol.85, issue.20, p.4225, 2000.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.4225

C. Raman, M. Köhl, R. Onofrio, D. S. Durfee, C. E. Kuklewicz et al., Evidence for a Critical Velocity in a Bose-Einstein Condensed Gas, Physical Review Letters, vol.83, issue.13, p.2502, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.2502

D. S. Hall, M. R. Matthews, J. R. Ensher, C. E. Wieman, and E. A. Cornell, Dynamics of Component Separation in a Binary Mixture of Bose-Einstein Condensates, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.81, p.1539, 1998.
DOI : 10.1142/9789812813787_0071

J. Stenger, S. Inouye, D. M. Stamper-kurn, H. Miesner, A. P. Chikkatur et al., Spin domains in ground-state Bose-Einstein condensates, Nature, vol.396, issue.6709, p.345, 1998.
DOI : 10.1038/24567

S. Burger, K. Bongs, S. Dettmer, W. Ertmer, A. Sanpera et al., Dark Solitons in Bose-Einstein Condensates, Physical Review Letters, vol.83, issue.25, p.5198, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.5198

J. E. Simsarian, J. Denschlag, D. L. Feder, C. W. Clark, L. A. Collins et al., Generating solitons by phase engineering of a Bose-Einstein condensate, Science, vol.287, p.97, 2000.

Z. Dutton, M. Budde, C. Slowe, and L. V. Hau, Observation of Quantum Shock Waves Created with Ultra- Compressed Slow Light Pulses in a Bose-Einstein Condensate, Science, vol.293, issue.5530, p.663, 2001.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1062527

M. R. Matthews, B. P. Anderson, P. C. Haljan, D. S. Hall, C. E. Wieman et al., Vortices in a Bose-Einstein Condensate, Physical Review Letters, vol.83, issue.13, p.2498, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.2498

K. W. Madison, F. Chevy, W. Wohlleben, and J. Dalibard, Vortex Formation in a Stirred Bose-Einstein Condensate, Physical Review Letters, vol.84, issue.5, p.806, 2000.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.806

J. R. Abo-shaeer, C. Raman, J. M. Vogels, and W. Ketterle, Observation of Vortex Lattices in Bose-Einstein Condensates, Science, vol.292, issue.5516, p.476, 2001.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1060182

A. Görlitz, J. M. Vogels, A. E. Leanhardt, C. Raman, T. L. Gustavson et al., Realization of Bose-Einstein Condensates in Lower Dimensions, Physical Review Letters, vol.87, issue.13, p.130402, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.130402

F. Schreck, L. Khaykovich, K. L. Corwin, G. Ferrari, T. Bourdel et al., Quasipure Bose-Einstein Condensate Immersed in a Fermi Sea, Physical Review Letters, vol.87, issue.8, p.80403, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.080403
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00001627

M. Greiner, I. Bloch, O. Mandel, T. W. Hänsch, and T. Esslinger, Exploring Phase Coherence in a 2D Lattice of Bose-Einstein Condensates, Physical Review Letters, vol.87, issue.16, p.160405, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.160405

M. D. Barrett, J. A. Sauer, and M. S. Chapman, All-Optical Formation of an Atomic Bose-Einstein Condensate, Physical Review Letters, vol.87, issue.1, p.10404, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.010404

H. Ott, J. Fortagh, A. Grossmann, and C. Zimmermann, Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Surface Microtrap, Physical Review Letters, vol.87, issue.23, p.230401, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.230401

W. Hänsel, P. Hommelhoff, T. W. Hänsch, and J. , Bose???Einstein condensation on a microelectronic chip, Nature, vol.85, issue.6855, p.498, 2001.
DOI : 10.1038/35097032

D. Müller, D. Z. Anderson, R. J. Grow, P. D. Schwindt, and E. A. Cornell, Guiding Neutral Atoms Around Curves with Lithographically Patterned Current-Carrying Wires, Physical Review Letters, vol.83, issue.25, p.5194, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.5194

M. Mewes, M. R. Andrews, N. J. Van-druten, D. M. Kurn, D. S. Durfee et al., Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Tightly Confining dc Magnetic Trap, Physical Review Letters, vol.77, issue.3, p.416, 1996.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.416

C. C. Bradley, C. A. Sackett, and R. G. Hulet, Analysis of in situ images of Bose-Einstein condensates of lithium, Physical Review A, vol.55, issue.5, p.3951, 1997.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.55.3951

D. G. Fried, T. C. Killian, L. Willmann, D. Landhuis, S. C. Moss et al., Bose-Einstein Condensation of Atomic Hydrogen, Physical Review Letters, vol.81, issue.18, p.3811, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.3811

A. Robert, O. Sirjean, A. Browaeys, J. Poupard, S. Nowak et al., A Bose-Einstein Condensate of Metastable Atoms, Science, vol.292, issue.5516, p.461, 2001.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1060622
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00568654

F. Pereira-dos-santos, J. Léonard, J. Wang, C. J. Barrelet, F. Perales et al., Bose-Einstein Condensation of Metastable Helium, Physical Review Letters, vol.86, issue.16, p.3459, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.3459
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00002127

G. Modugno, G. Ferrari, G. Roati, R. J. Brecha, A. Simoni et al., Bose-Einstein Condensation of Potassium Atoms by Sympathetic Cooling, Science, vol.294, issue.5545, p.1320, 2001.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1066687

M. Edwards and R. Grimm, The Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC) Homepage at Georgia Southern University (GSU) http Research groups working with atom traps

E. Fermi, Sulla quantizzazione del gas perfetto monoatomico, Rend. Lincei, vol.3, p.145, 1926.

E. Fermi, Zur Quantelung des idealen einatomigen Gases, Zeitschrift f???r Physik, vol.36, issue.11-12, p.902, 1926.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01400221

I. F. Silvera and J. T. Walraven, Spin???polarized atomic hydrogen: A magnetic gas (invited), Journal of Applied Physics, vol.52, issue.3, p.2304, 1981.
DOI : 10.1063/1.328914

L. N. Cooper, Bound Electron Pairs in a Degenerate Fermi Gas, Physical Review, vol.104, issue.4, p.1189, 1956.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRev.104.1189

L. Spitzer, Physics of Fully Ionized Gases, American Journal of Physics, vol.31, issue.11, 1962.
DOI : 10.1119/1.1969155

R. E. Drullinger, High-resolution optical spectra of laser cooled ions, Applied Physics, vol.9, issue.4, p.365, 1980.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00901058

D. J. Larson, J. C. Bergquist, J. J. Bollinger, W. M. Itano, and D. J. Wineland, Sympathetic cooling of trapped ions: A laser-cooled two-species nonneutral ion plasma, Physical Review Letters, vol.57, issue.1, p.70, 1986.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.57.70

J. Kim, B. Friedrich, D. P. Katz, D. Patterson, J. D. Weinstein et al., Buffer-Gas Loading and Magnetic Trapping of Atomic Europium, Physical Review Letters, vol.78, issue.19, p.3665, 1997.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.3665

J. D. Weinstein, R. Decarvalho, J. Kim, D. Patterson, B. Friedrich et al., Magnetic trapping of atomic chromium, Physical Review A, vol.57, issue.5, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.57.R3173

. Doyle, Spectroscopy of laser-ablated buffer-gas-cooled PbO at 4 K and the prospects for measuring the electric dipole moment of the electron, Phys. Rev. A, vol.63, p.30501, 2001.

. Wieman, Production of Two Overlapping Bose-Einstein Condensates by Sympathetic Cooling, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.78, p.586, 1997.

G. Delannoy, S. G. Murdoch, V. Boyer, V. Josse, P. Bouyer et al., Understanding the production of dual Bose-Einstein condensation with sympathetic cooling, Physical Review A, vol.63, issue.5, p.51602, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.63.051602

B. Demarco and D. S. Jin, Onset of Fermi Degeneracy in a Trapped Atomic Gas, Science, vol.285, issue.5434, p.1703, 1999.
DOI : 10.1126/science.285.5434.1703

A. G. Truscott, K. E. Strecker, W. I. Mcalexander, G. B. Partridge, and R. G. Hulet, Observation of Fermi Pressure in a Gas of Trapped Atoms, Science, vol.291, issue.5513, pp.291-2570, 2001.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1059318

M. Mudrich, S. Kraft, K. Singer, R. Grimm, A. Mosk et al., Sympathetic Cooling with Two Atomic Species in an Optical Trap. submitted to, Phys. Rev. Lett, 2001.

Z. Hadzibabic, C. A. Stan, K. Dieckmann, S. Gupta, M. W. Zwierlein et al., Two-Species Mixture of Quantum Degenerate Bose and Fermi Gases, Physical Review Letters, vol.88, issue.16, p.112425, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.160401

S. R. Granade, M. E. Gehm, K. M. Hara, and J. E. Thomas, All-Optical Production of a Degenerate Fermi Gas, Physical Review Letters, vol.88, issue.12, p.120405, 2002.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.120405

G. Ferrari, Collisional relaxation in a fermionic gas, Physical Review A, vol.59, issue.6, p.4125, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.59.R4125
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006145

B. Demarco and D. S. Jin, Exploring a quantum degenerate gas of fermionic atoms, Physical Review A, vol.58, issue.6, p.10, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.58.R4267

T. Busch, J. R. Anglin, J. I. Cirac, and P. Zoller, Inhibition of spontaneous emission in Fermi gases, Europhysics Letters (EPL), vol.44, issue.1, 1998.
DOI : 10.1209/epl/i1998-00426-2

J. Ruostekoski and J. Javanainen, Optical Linewidth of a Low Density Fermi-Dirac Gas, Physical Review Letters, vol.82, issue.24, p.4741, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.4741

E. Tiesinga, B. J. Verhaar, and H. T. Stoof, Threshold and resonance phenomena in ultracold ground-state collisions, Physical Review A, vol.47, issue.5, pp.47-4114, 1993.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.47.4114

R. Combescot, Superfluid?, Physical Review Letters, vol.83, issue.19, p.3766, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.3766
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00007777

M. Holland, S. J. Kokkelmans, M. L. Chiofalo, and R. Walser, Resonance Superfluidity in a Quantum Degenerate Fermi Gas, Physical Review Letters, vol.87, issue.12, p.120406, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.120406

R. G. Hulet, Scattering length of 7 Li |F = 1, m F = ?1 state is a = 5.1 a 0 . private communication, 2001.

D. S. Petrov and G. V. Shlyapnikov, Interatomic collisions in a tightly confined Bose gas, Physical Review A, vol.64, issue.1, p.12706, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.64.012706
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00002133

Z. Akdeniz, P. Vignolo, A. Minguzzi, and M. P. Tosi, Phase separation in a boson-fermion mixture of lithium atoms, Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, vol.35, issue.4, p.112183, 2001.
DOI : 10.1088/0953-4075/35/4/102

D. A. Butts and D. S. Rokhsar, Trapped Fermi gases, Physical Review A, vol.55, issue.6, p.4346, 1997.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.55.4346

J. Schneider and H. Wallis, Mesoscopic Fermi gas in a harmonic trap, Physical Review A, vol.57, issue.2, p.1253, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.57.1253

G. M. Bruum and K. Burnett, Interacting Fermi gas in a harmonic trap, Physical Review A, vol.58, issue.3, p.2427, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.58.2427

K. Mølmer, Bose Condensates and Fermi Gases at Zero Temperature, Physical Review Letters, vol.80, issue.9, p.1804, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.1804

R. G. Hulet, E. S. Hilfer, and D. Kleppner, Inhibited Spontaneous Emission by a Rydberg Atom, Physical Review Letters, vol.55, issue.20, p.2137, 1985.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.55.2137

F. Dalfovo, S. Giorgini, L. P. Pitaevskii, and S. Stringari, Theory of Bose-Einstein condensation in trapped gases, Reviews of Modern Physics, vol.71, issue.3, p.463, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/RevModPhys.71.463

R. Kaiser, C. Westbrook, and F. David, Coherent atomic matter waves, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-45338-5

U. Ernst, J. Schuster, F. Schreck, A. Marte, A. Kuhn et al., Free expansion of a Bose-Einstein condensate from an Ioffe-Pritchard magnetic trap, Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics, vol.67, issue.6, p.719, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/s003400050571

. Yu, E. L. Kagan, G. V. Surkov, and . Shlyapnikov, Evolution of a Bose gas in anisotropic time-dependent traps, Phys. Rev. A, vol.55, p.18, 1997.

T. D. Lee, K. Huang, and C. N. Yang, Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions of a Bose System of Hard Spheres and Its Low-Temperature Properties, Physical Review, vol.106, issue.6, p.1135, 1957.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRev.106.1135

P. A. Ruprecht, M. J. Holland, K. Burnett, and M. Edwards, Timedependent solution of the non-linear Schrödinger equation for Bose-condensed trapped neutral atoms, Phys. Rev. A, pp.51-4704, 1995.

J. H. Thywissen, M. Olshanii, G. Zabow, M. Drndié, K. S. Johnson et al., Microfabricated magnetic waveguides for neutral atoms, The European Physical Journal D, vol.7, issue.3, p.361, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/s100530050579

D. S. Petrov, G. V. Shlyapnikov, and J. T. Walraven, Regimes of Quantum Degeneracy in Trapped 1D Gases, Physical Review Letters, vol.85, issue.18, p.3745, 2000.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.3745

D. S. Petrov, G. V. Shlyapnikov, and J. T. Walraven, Phase-Fluctuating 3D Bose-Einstein Condensates in Elongated Traps, Physical Review Letters, vol.87, issue.5, p.50404, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.050404

S. Dettmer, D. Hellweg, P. Ryytty, J. J. Arlt, W. Ertmer et al., Observation of Phase Fluctuations in Elongated Bose-Einstein Condensates, Physical Review Letters, vol.87, issue.16, p.160406, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.160406

Y. Castin, 1D condensate wavefunction. private communication, 2001.

J. S. Russell, I was observing the motion of a boat which was rapidly drawn along a narrow channel by a pair of horses, when the boat suddenly stopped -not so the mass of water in the channel which it had put in motion; it accumulated round the prow of the vessel in a state of violent agitation, then suddenly leaving it behind, rolled forward with great velocity, assuming the form of a large solitary elevation, a rounded, smooth and well-defined heap of water, which continued its course along the channel apparently without change of form or diminution of speed. I followed it on horseback, and overtook it still rolling on at a rate of some eight or nine miles an hour, preserving its original figure some thirty feet long and a foot to a foot and a half in height. Its height gradually diminished, and after a chase of one or two miles I lost it in the windings of the channel, Report on Waves. Report of the fourteenth meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science was my first chance interview with that singular and beautiful phenomenon which I have called the Wave of Translation, p.311, 1834.

L. D. Carr, J. N. Kutz, and W. P. Reinhardt, Stability of stationary states in the cubic nonlinear Schr??dinger equation: Applications to the Bose-Einstein condensate, Physical Review E, vol.63, issue.6, p.66604, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.63.066604

]. S. Burger, L. D. Carr, P. Ohberg, K. Sengstock, and A. Sanpera, Generation and interaction of solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates, Physical Review A, vol.65, issue.4, p.201155, 2002.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.65.043611

J. Stenger, S. Inouye, D. M. Stamper-kurn, H. Miesner, A. P. Chikkatur et al., Spin domains in ground-state Bose-Einstein condensates, Nature, vol.396, issue.6709, p.345, 1998.
DOI : 10.1038/24567

L. Viverit, C. J. Pethick, and H. Smith, Zero-temperature phase diagram of binary boson-fermion mixtures, Physical Review A, vol.61, issue.5, pp.61-053605, 2000.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.61.053605

H. T. Stoof, Macroscopic quantum tunneling of a bose condensate, Journal of Statistical Physics, vol.53, issue.5-6, p.1353, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02181289

L. You and M. Marinescu, -wave paired Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer states of fermionic atoms, Physical Review A, vol.60, issue.3, p.2324, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.60.2324
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00406104

M. A. Baranov, Y. Kagan, and M. Kagan, On the possibility of a superfluid transition in a Fermi gas of neutral particles at ultra low temperatures, Sov. Phys. JETP, vol.64, p.301, 1996.

H. Heiselberg, C. J. Pethick, H. Smith, and L. Viverit, Influence of Induced Interactions on the Superfluid Transition in Dilute Fermi Gases, Physical Review Letters, vol.85, issue.12, p.2418, 2000.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.2418

G. M. Bruun and C. W. Clark, Detection of the BCS transition in a trapped Fermi gas, Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, vol.33, issue.19, p.9906392, 1999.
DOI : 10.1088/0953-4075/33/19/310

W. Zhang, C. A. Sackett, and R. G. Hulet, Optical detection of a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer phase transition in a trapped gas of fermionic atoms, Physical Review A, vol.60, issue.1, p.504, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.60.504

F. Weig and W. Zwerger, Optical detection of a BCS transition of lithium-6 in harmonic traps, Europhysics Letters (EPL), vol.49, issue.3, p.282, 2000.
DOI : 10.1209/epl/i2000-00146-1

J. Ruostekoski, Optical response of a superfluid state in dilute atomic Fermi-Dirac gases, Physical Review A, vol.60, issue.3, p.1775, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.60.R1775

J. Ruostekoski, Scattering of light and atoms in a Fermi-Dirac gas with Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer pairing, Physical Review A, vol.61, issue.3, pp.61-033605, 2000.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.61.033605

P. Törmä and P. Zoller, Laser Probing of Atomic Cooper Pairs, Physical Review Letters, vol.85, issue.3, p.487, 2000.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.487

D. M. Stamper-kurn, A. P. Chikkatur, A. Görlitz, S. Inouye, S. Gupta et al., Excitation of Phonons in a Bose-Einstein Condensate by Light Scattering, Physical Review Letters, vol.83, issue.15, p.2876, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.2876

A. P. Chikkatur, A. Görlitz, D. M. Stamper-kurn, S. Inouye, S. Gupta et al., Suppression and Enhancement of Impurity Scattering in a Bose-Einstein Condensate, Physical Review Letters, vol.85, issue.3, p.483, 2000.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.483

A. Minguzzi, G. Ferrari, and Y. Castin, Dynamic structure factor of a superfluid Fermi gas. cons-mat, 2001.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01312856

M. A. Baranov and D. S. Petrov, Low-energy collective excitations in a superfluid trapped Fermi gas, Physical Review A, vol.62, issue.4, p.41601, 2000.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.62.041601

A. Minguzzi and M. P. Tosi, Scissors mode in a superfluid Fermi gas, Physical Review A, vol.63, issue.2, p.5098, 2000.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.63.023609

D. Guéry-odelin and S. Stringari, Scissors Mode and Superfluidity of a Trapped Bose-Einstein Condensed Gas, Physical Review Letters, vol.83, issue.22, p.4452, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.4452

M. Farine, P. Schuck, and X. Vi-nas, Moment of inertia of a trapped superfluid gas of atomic fermions, Physical Review A, vol.62, issue.1, p.13608, 2000.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.62.013608
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00005873

M. L. Chiofalo, S. J. Kokkelmans, J. N. Milstein, and M. J. Holland, Signatures of Resonance Superfluidity in a Quantum Fermi Gas, Physical Review Letters, vol.88, issue.9, p.110119, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.090402

H. F. Hess, Evaporative cooling of magnetically trapped and compressed spin-polarized hydrogen, Physical Review B, vol.34, issue.5, p.3476, 1986.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.34.3476

N. Masuhara, J. M. Doyle, J. C. Sandberg, D. Kleppner, T. J. Greytak et al., Evaporative Cooling of Spin-Polarized Atomic Hydrogen, Physical Review Letters, vol.61, issue.8, pp.61-935, 1988.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.61.935

C. C. Bradley, C. A. Sackett, and R. G. Hulet, Evidence of Bose-Einstein Condensation in an Atomic Gas with Attractive Interactions, Physical Review Letters, vol.75, issue.9, p.1687, 1995.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.1687

P. C. Haljan, I. Coddington, P. Engels, and E. A. Cornell, Driving Bose-Einstein-Condensate Vorticity with a Rotating Normal Cloud, Physical Review Letters, vol.87, issue.21, p.210403, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.210403

W. Ketterle and N. J. Van-druten, Evaporative cooling of trapped atoms Advances in atomic, molecular, and optical physics, p.181, 1996.

J. Schuster, A. Marte, S. Amtage, B. Sang, G. Rempe et al., Avalanches in a Bose-Einstein Condensate, Physical Review Letters, vol.87, issue.17, p.170404, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.170404

R. E. Drullinger, High-resolution optical spectra of laser cooled ions, Applied Physics, vol.9, issue.4, p.365, 1980.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00901058

J. Stuhler, P. O. Schmidt, S. Hensler, J. Werner, J. Mlynek et al., Continuous loading of a magnetic trap, Physical Review A, vol.64, issue.3, p.31405, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.64.031405

M. Marinescu and L. You, Controlling Atom-Atom Interaction at Ultralow Temperatures by dc Electric Fields, Physical Review Letters, vol.81, issue.21, p.4596, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.4596

D. Jin, Sympathetic cooling of 40 K with 87 Rb. private communication, 2001.

J. Close, Sympathetic cooling of 40 K with 87 Rb. private communication, 2001.

T. Loftus, J. R. Bochinski, and T. W. Mossberg, Simultaneous multi-isotope trapping of ytterbium, Physical Review A, vol.63, issue.5, p.53401, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.63.053401

S. Grossmann and M. Holthaus, On Bose-Einstein condensation in harmonic traps, Physics Letters A, vol.208, issue.3, p.188, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0375-9601(95)00766-V

M. Li, Z. Yan, J. Chen, L. Chen, and C. Chen, in any dimensional space, Physical Review A, vol.58, issue.2, p.1445, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.58.1445

E. Timmermans and R. Côté, Superfluidity in Sympathetic Cooling with Atomic Bose-Einstein Condensates, Physical Review Letters, vol.80, issue.16, p.3419, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.3419

E. Timmermans, Degenerate Fermion Gas Heating by Hole Creation, Physical Review Letters, vol.87, issue.24, p.240403, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.240403

O. J. Luiten, M. W. Reynolds, and J. T. Walraven, Kinetic theory of the evaporative cooling of a trapped gas, Physical Review A, vol.53, issue.1, p.381, 1996.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.53.381

J. Vigué, Possibility of applying laser-cooling techniques to the observation of collective quantum effects, Physical Review A, vol.34, issue.5, p.4476, 1986.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.34.4476

C. Cohen-tannoudji, Condensation de gaz atomiques dilués. Cours de physique atomique et moléculaire,Colì ege de France, année scolaire, pp.98-99

E. R. Abraham, C. A. Sackett, and R. G. Hulet, Triplet s-wave resonance in 6 Li collisions and scattering lengths of 6Li and 7 Li, Phys. Rev. A (Rapid. Comm, pp.55-3299, 1997.

S. Inouye, M. R. Andrews, J. Stenger, H. Miesner, D. M. Stamper-kurn et al., Observation of Feshbach resonances in a Bose???Einstein condensate, Nature, vol.77, issue.6672, p.151, 1998.
DOI : 10.1038/32354

S. L. Cornish, N. R. Claussen, J. L. Roberts, E. A. Cornell, and C. E. Wieman, Bose-Einstein Condensates with Widely Tunable Interactions, Physical Review Letters, vol.85, issue.9, p.1795, 2000.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.1795

C. Chin, V. Vuleti, A. J. Kerman, and S. Chu, High Resolution Feshbach Spectroscopy of Cesium, Physical Review Letters, vol.85, issue.13, p.2717, 2000.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.2717

P. J. Leo, C. J. Williams, and P. S. Julienne, Atoms, Physical Review Letters, vol.85, issue.13, p.2721, 2000.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.2721

P. J. Leo, P. S. Julienne, F. H. Mies, and C. J. Williams, Fountain Clocks, Physical Review Letters, vol.86, issue.17, p.3743, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.3743

J. Stenger, S. Inouye, M. R. Andrews, H. Miesner, D. M. Stamper-kurn et al., Strongly Enhanced Inelastic Collisions in a Bose-Einstein Condensate near Feshbach Resonances, Physical Review Letters, vol.82, issue.12, p.2422, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.2422

P. O. Fedichev, M. W. Reynolds, and G. V. Shlyapnikov, Level, Physical Review Letters, vol.77, issue.14, p.2921, 1996.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.2921

B. D. Esry, C. H. Greene, and J. P. Burke-jr, Recombination of Three Atoms in the Ultracold Limit, Physical Review Letters, vol.83, issue.9, p.1751, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.1751

F. A. Van-abeelen, B. J. Verhaar, and A. J. Moerdijk, atoms, Physical Review A, vol.55, issue.6, p.4377, 1997.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.55.4377

G. Ferrari, Piégeage simultané des isotopes fermionique et bosonique du lithiumÉtude lithium´lithiumÉtude théorique de la relaxation collisionnelle dans un gaz de Fermi dégénéré

V. Venturi and C. Williams, Feshbach resonances in lithium. private com- munication

A. Mosk, S. Jochim, H. Moritz, . Th, M. Elssser et al., Resonator-enhanced optical dipole trap for fermionic lithium atoms, Optics Letters, vol.26, issue.23, p.1837, 2001.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.26.001837

D. William, H. Phillips, and . Metcalf, Laser Deceleration of an Atomic Beam, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.48, p.596, 1982.

G. Ferrari, M. Mewes, F. Schreck, and C. Salomon, High-power multiple-frequency narrow-linewidth laser source based on a semiconductor tapered amplifier, Optics Letters, vol.24, issue.3, p.151, 1999.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.24.000151

H. Katori, T. Ido, Y. Isoya, and M. Kuwata-gonokami, Magneto-Optical Trapping and Cooling of Strontium Atoms down to the Photon Recoil Temperature, Physical Review Letters, vol.82, issue.6, p.1116, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.1116

E. Arimondo, W. D. Phillips, and F. Strumia, Proceeding of the International School of Physics " Enrico Fermi " , Course CXVIII: " Laser Manipulation of Atoms and Ions, 1992.

W. Petrich, M. Anderson, J. Ensher, and E. Cornell, Stable, Tightly Confining Magnetic Trap for Evaporative Cooling of Neutral Atoms, Physical Review Letters, vol.74, issue.17, p.3352, 1995.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.3352

D. E. Pritchard, Cooling Neutral Atoms in a Magnetic Trap for Precision Spectroscopy, Physical Review Letters, vol.51, issue.15, p.1336, 1983.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.51.1336

T. Esslinger, I. Bloch, and T. W. Hänsch, Bose-Einstein condensation in a quadrupole-Ioffe-configuration trap, Physical Review A, vol.58, issue.4, p.2664, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.58.R2664

J. J. Tollett, C. C. Bradley, C. A. Sackett, and R. G. Hulet, Permanent magnet trap for cold atoms, Physical Review A, vol.51, issue.1, p.22, 1995.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.51.R22

B. Desruelle, V. Boyer, P. Bouyer, G. Birkl, M. Lécrivain et al., Trapping cold neutral atoms with an iron-core electromagnet, The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, vol.1, issue.3, p.255, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/s100530050090

. Powerex, General Considerations: IGBT & IPM modules. Application Note of Powerex http

S. Chu, J. E. Bjorkholm, A. Ashkin, and A. Cable, Experimental Observation of Optically Trapped Atoms, Physical Review Letters, vol.57, issue.3, p.314, 1986.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.57.314

R. Grimm, M. Weidemueller, and Y. Ovchinnikov, Optical Dipole Traps for Neutral Atoms, Adv. at. mol. opt. phys, vol.42, p.95, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S1049-250X(08)60186-X

K. L. Corwin, S. J. Kuppens, D. Cho, and C. E. Wieman, Spin-Polarized Atoms in a Circularly Polarized Optical Dipole Trap, Physical Review Letters, vol.83, issue.7, p.1311, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.1311

N. F. Ramsey, Molecular Beams, 1969.

A. Rauschenbeutel, G. Nogues, S. Osnaghi, P. Bertet, M. Brune et al., Coherent Operation of a Tunable Quantum Phase Gate in Cavity QED, Physical Review Letters, vol.83, issue.24, p.5166, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.5166

A. Mark, E. Kasevich, S. Riis, R. G. Chu, and . Devoe, rf spectroscopy in an atomic fountain, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.63, p.612, 1989.

M. R. Andrews, M. Mewes, N. J. Van-druten, D. S. Durfee, D. M. Kurn et al., Direct, Nondestructive Observation of a Bose Condensate, Science, vol.273, issue.5271, p.84, 1996.
DOI : 10.1126/science.273.5271.84

M. Mewes, G. Ferrari, F. Schreck, A. Sinatra, and C. Salomon, Simultaneous magneto-optical trapping of two lithium isotopes, Physical Review A, vol.61, issue.1, pp.61-11403, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.61.011403

D. M. Stamper-kurn, H. Miesner, A. P. Chikkatur, S. Inouye, J. Stenger et al., Reversible Formation of a Bose-Einstein Condensate, Physical Review Letters, vol.81, issue.11, p.2194, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.2194

J. Dalibard and C. Cohen-tannoudji, Laser cooling below the Doppler limit by polarization gradients: simple theoretical models, Journal of the Optical Society of America B, vol.6, issue.11, p.2023, 1989.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSAB.6.002023

E. L. Surkov, J. T. Walraven, and G. V. Shlyapnikov, Collisionless motion and evaporative cooling of atoms in magnetic traps, Physical Review A, vol.53, issue.5, p.3403, 1996.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.53.3403

B. Desruelle, V. Boyer, S. G. Murdoch, G. Delannoy, P. Bouyer et al., atoms trapped in a high magnetic field, Physical Review A, vol.60, issue.3, p.1759, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.60.R1759

E. Arimondo, M. Inguscio, and P. Violino, Experimental determinations of the hyperfine structure in the alkali atoms, Reviews of Modern Physics, vol.49, issue.1, p.31, 1977.
DOI : 10.1103/RevModPhys.49.31

C. A. Sackett, H. T. Stoof, and R. G. Hulet, Growth and Collapse of a Bose-Einstein Condensate with Attractive Interactions, Physical Review Letters, vol.80, issue.10, p.2031, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.2031

C. A. Sackett, J. M. Gerton, M. Welling, and R. G. Hulet, Measurements of Collective Collapse in a Bose-Einstein Condensate with Attractive Interactions, Physical Review Letters, vol.82, issue.5, p.876, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.876

F. A. Van-abeelen and B. J. Verhaar, Time-Dependent Feshbach Resonance Scattering and Anomalous Decay of a Na Bose-Einstein Condensate, Physical Review Letters, vol.83, issue.8, p.1550, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.1550

H. Saito and M. Ueda, Intermittent Implosion and Pattern Formation of Trapped Bose-Einstein Condensates with an Attractive Interaction, Physical Review Letters, vol.86, issue.8, p.1406, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.1406

A. J. Moerdijk and B. J. Verhaar, Collisional two- and three-body decay rates of dilute quantum gases at ultralow temperatures, Physical Review A, vol.53, issue.1, p.19, 1996.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.53.R19

J. M. Gerton, C. A. Sackett, B. J. Frew, and R. G. Hulet, Dipolar relaxation collisions in magnetically trapped 7 Li, Phys. Rev. A, pp.59-1514, 1999.

J. R. Rubbmark, M. M. Kash, M. G. Littman, and D. Kleppner, Dynamical effects at avoided level crossings: A study of the Landau-Zener effect using Rydberg atoms, Physical Review A, vol.23, issue.6, p.3107, 1981.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.23.3107

L. Khaykovich, F. Schreck, G. Ferrari, T. Bourdel, J. Cubizolles et al., Formation of a Matter-Wave Bright Soliton, Science, vol.296, issue.5571, 2002.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1071021
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00001628

L. Viverit, S. Giorgini, L. P. Pitaevskii, and S. Stringari, Adiabatic compression of a trapped Fermi gas, Physical Review A, vol.63, issue.3, p.33603, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.63.033603